युगाक्षकोटी ते तस्य वातोर्मी स्यन्दनस्य तु संक्रमेते ध्रुवमहो मण्डले सर्वतोदिशम्
The ends of the yoke and axle of his chariot, driven by waves of wind, move across the fixed circle in every direction.
भ्रमतस्तस्य रश्मी ते मण्डले तूत्तरायणे वर्धेते दक्षिणेष्वत्र भ्रमतो मण्डलानि तु
As it revolves, its rays increase in the circle during the northern course; in the southern, as it turns, the circles are likewise formed.
युगाक्षकोटीसम्बद्धौ द्वौ रश्मी स्यन्दनस्य तु ध्रुवेण प्रगृहीतौ तौ रथौ यौ वनतो रविम्
The two rays of the chariot, bound to the ends of the yoke and axle, are held by the pole star—these two draw the Sun’s chariot.
आकृष्येते यदा ते तु ध्रुवेण समधिष्ठिते तदा सो ऽभ्यन्तरे सूर्यो भ्रमते मण्डलानि तु
When those are drawn by the pole star, which is firmly established, then the Sun moves within, revolving through the circles.
अशीतिमण्डलशतं काष्ठयोरुभयोश्चरन् ध्रुवेण मुच्यमानेन पुना रश्मियुगेन च
Traversing eighty hundred circles between the two points, as the pole star is released, again with the pair of rays and yoke.
तथैव बाह्यतः सूर्यो भ्रमते मण्डलानि तु उद्वेष्टयन्वै वेगेन मण्डलानि तु गच्छति
In the same way, the Sun moves through the outer circles, swiftly encircling and passing through the circles.
स रथो ऽधिष्ठितो देवैर् मासि मासि यथाक्रमम् ततो वहत्यथादित्यं बहुभिर् ऋषिभिः सह
That chariot, presided over by the gods, month by month in order, then carries the Sun along with many sages.
गन्धर्वैरप्सरोभिश्च सर्पग्रामणिराक्षसैः एते वसन्ति वै सूर्ये मासौ द्वौ द्वौ क्रमेण च
Gandharvas, apsarases, chiefs of serpents, and rākṣasas—these dwell with the Sun, two by two, in each successive month.
धातार्यमा पुलस्त्यश्च पुलहश्च प्रजापती उरगौ वासुकिश्चैव संकीर्णश्चैव तावुभौ
Dhātā, Aryaman, Pulastya, Pulaha—these are the lords of creatures; and the serpents Vāsuki and Saṃkīrṇa, those two as well.
तुम्बुरुर् नारदश्चैव गन्धर्वौ गायतां वरौ कृतस्थलाप्सराश्चैव या च सा पुञ्जिकस्थला
Tumburu and Nārada, the foremost singers among gandharvas; the apsaras Kṛtasthalā and Puñjikasthalā as well.
ग्रामण्यौ रथकृत्तस्य रथौजाश्चैव तावुभौ रक्षो हेतिः प्रहेतिश्च यातुधानावुभौ ऋतौ
The two chiefs of the chariot-makers, and the two of great chariot-strength; the rākṣasas Heti and Praheti, both yātudhānas in their season.
मधुमाधवयोर्ह्येष गणो वसति भास्करे वसन्ग्रीष्मे तु द्वौ मासौ मित्रश्च वरुणश्च वै
During the months of Madhu and Mādhava, this group dwells with the Sun; and in the two summer months, Mitra and Varuṇa as well.
ऋषी अत्रिर्वसिष्ठश्च नागौ तक्षकरम्भकौ मेनका सहजन्या च हाहा हूहूश्च गायकौ
The sages Atri and Vasiṣṭha, the nāgas Takṣaka and Rambhaka, Menakā and Sahajanyā, and the singers Hāhā and Hūhū.
रथंतरश्च ग्रामण्यौ रथकृच्चैव तावुभौ पुरुषादो वधश्चैव यातुधानौ तु तौ स्मृतौ
Rathantara and the two chiefs of the chariot-makers, both of them; the man-eater and Vadha, both remembered as yātudhānas.
एते वसन्ति वै सूर्ये मासयोः शुचिशुक्रयोः ततः सूर्ये पुनश्चान्या निवसन्ति स्म देवताः
These reside in the sun during the months of Śuci and Śukra; then again, other deities dwell in the sun.
इन्द्रश्चैव विवस्वांश्च अङ्गिरा भृगुरेव च एलापत्त्रस्तथा सर्पः शङ्खपालश्च पन्नगः
Indra, Vivasvān, Aṅgirā, Bhṛgu, Elāpattras, the serpent Śaṅkhapāla, and the nāga dwell there.
विश्वावसुसुषेणौ च प्रातश्चैव रथश्च हि प्रम्लोचेत्यप्सराश्चैव निम्रोचन्ती च ते उभे
Viśvāvasu, Suṣeṇa, Prāta, and Ratha, as well as the apsarases Pramlocā and Nimrocantī, both reside there.
यातुधानस्तथा हेतिर् व्याघ्रश्चैव तु तावुभौ नभस्यनभसोरेतैर् वसन्तश्च दिवाकरे
Yātudhāna and Heti, and both Vyāghra and Tāvu, along with Nabhasya and Nabhas, reside in the sun.
मासौ द्वौ देवताः सूर्ये वसन्ति च शरदृतौ पर्जन्यश्चैव पूषा च भरद्वाजः सगौतमः
For two months in autumn, deities reside in the sun: Parjanya, Pūṣā, Bharadvāja, and Gautama.
चित्रसेनश्च गन्धर्वस् तथा वा सुरुचिश्च यः विश्वाची च घृताची च उभे ते पुण्यलक्षणे
Citraseṇa the gandharva, Suruci, Viśvācī, and Ghṛtācī, both bearing auspicious marks, dwell there.
नागश्चैरावतश्चैव विश्रुतश्च धनंजयः सेनजिच्च सुषेणश्च सेनानीर् ग्रामणीस् तथा
Nāga Airāvata, Viśruta, Dhanaṃjaya, Senajit, Suṣeṇa, Senānī, and Grāmaṇī reside there.
चारो वातश्च द्वावेतौ यातुधानावुभौ स्मृतौ वसन्त्येते च वै सूर्ये मासयोश्च त्विषोर्जयोः
Cāra and Vāta, both remembered as yātudhānas, reside in the sun during the months of Tviṣa and Urjā.
हैमन्तिकौ च द्वौ मासौ निवसन्ति दिवाकरे अंशो भगश्च द्वावेतौ कश्यपश्च क्रतुश्च तौ
During the two months of Hemanta, Aṃśa and Bhaga, Kaśyapa and Kratu, both dwell in the sun.
भुजंगश्च महापद्मः सर्पः कर्कोटकस्तथा चित्रसेनश्च गन्धर्वः पूर्णायुश्चैव गायनौ
The serpent Mahāpadma, Karkoṭaka, Citraseṇa the gandharva, and Pūrṇāyu and Gāyana, both singers, reside there.
अप्सराः पूर्वचित्तिश्च गन्धर्वा ह्युर्वशी च या तार्क्ष्यश्चारिष्टनेमिश्च सेनानीर् ग्रामणीश् च तौ
Apsarases Pūrvacitti, Gandharva Urvaśī, Tārkṣya, Ariṣṭanemi, Senānī, and Grāmaṇī, both, dwell there.
विद्युत्सूर्यश्च तावुग्रौ यातुधानौ तु तौ स्मृतौ सहे चैव सहस्ये च वसन्त्येते दिवाकरे
Vidyutsūrya and Tāvu, both fierce yātudhānas, along with Sahe and Sahasya, reside in the sun.
ततस्तु शिशिरे चापि मासयोर्निवसन्ति ते त्वष्टा विष्णुर्जमदग्निर् विश्वामित्रस्तथैव च
Then, in the two months of winter, Tvaṣṭā, Viṣṇu, Jamadagni, and Viśvāmitra reside there.
काद्रवेयौ तथा नागौ कम्बलाश्वतरावुभौ गन्धर्वौ धृतराष्ट्रश्च सूर्यवर्चाश्च तावुभौ
The nāgas Kādraveya, Kambala, and Aśvatara, Gandharva Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Sūryavarcas, both, dwell there.
तिलोत्तमाप्सराश्चैव देवी रम्भा मनोरमा ग्रामणीर् ऋतजिच्चैव सत्यजिच्च महाबलः
Apsarases Tilottamā, Rambhā, Manoramā, Grāmaṇī, Ṛtajit, Satyajit, and Mahābala reside there.
ब्रह्मोपेतश्च वै रक्षो यज्ञोपेतस्तथैव च इत्येते निवसन्ति स्म द्वौ द्वौ मासौ दिवाकरे
The rakṣasa endowed with Brahma, and the one endowed with sacrifice, both reside in the sun for two months each.