अहर्नाभिस्तु सूर्यस्य एकचक्रस्य वै स्मृतः अराः संवत्सरास्तस्य नेम्यः षडृतवः स्मृताः
The navel of the sun is remembered as the single wheel; the spokes are the years, the rims are the six seasons.
रात्रिर्वरूथो धर्मश्च ध्वज ऊर्ध्वं व्यवस्थितः अक्षकोट्योर्युगान्यस्य आर्तवाहाः कलाः स्मृताः
Night is the yoke, righteousness is the banner set upright; the ends of the axle are the ages, and the divisions of time are the bearers of the seasons.
तस्य काष्ठा स्मृता घोणा दन्तपङ्क्तिः क्षणास्तु वै निमेषश्चानुकर्षो ऽस्य ईषा चास्य कला स्मृता
Its marks are remembered as the boundary, the row of teeth, and the moments; the blink is its movement, and the shaft is remembered as its division.
युगाक्षकोटी ते तस्य अर्थकामावुभौ स्मृतौ सप्ताश्वरूपाश्छन्दांसि वहन्ते वायुरंहसा
The ends of the axle are remembered as both purpose and desire; the seven meters, in the form of horses, are carried swiftly by the wind.
गायत्री चैव त्रिष्टुप्च जगत्यनुष्टुप्तथैव च पङ्क्तिश्च बृहती चैव उष्णिगेव तु सप्तमम्
Gayatri, Trishtup, Jagati, Anushtubh, Pankti, Brihati, and Ushnik are the seven.
चक्रमक्षे निबद्धं तु ध्रुवे चाक्षः समर्पितः सहचक्रो भ्रमत्यक्षः सहाक्षो भ्रमति ध्रुवः
The wheel is fixed on the axle, and the axle is set on the pole; the wheel rotates with the axle, and the pole rotates with the axle.
अक्षः सहैव चक्रेण भ्रमते ऽसौ ध्रुवेरितः एवमर्थवशात्तस्य संनिवेशो रथस्य तु
The axle, together with the wheel, revolves, impelled by the pole star; thus, by the force of its purpose, is the arrangement of that chariot.
तथा संयोगभागेन सिद्धो वै भास्करो रथः तेनासौ तरणिर्देवो नभसः सर्पते दिवम्
In the same way, by the combination of its parts, the chariot of the Sun is established; by this, the shining god moves through the sky toward heaven.
युगाक्षकोटी ते तस्य दक्षिणे स्यन्दनस्य तु भ्रमतो भ्रमतो रश्मी तौ चक्रयुगयोस्तु वै
The ends of the yoke and axle of his chariot are on the right; as it revolves, the rays are those two, belonging to the pair of wheel and yoke.
मण्डलानि भ्रमन्ते ऽस्य खेचरस्य रथस्य तु कुलालचक्रभ्रमवन् मण्डलं सर्वतोदिशम्
The circles of this chariot, which moves through the sky, revolve like the spinning of a potter’s wheel, forming a circle in every direction.
युगाक्षकोटी ते तस्य वातोर्मी स्यन्दनस्य तु संक्रमेते ध्रुवमहो मण्डले सर्वतोदिशम्
The ends of the yoke and axle of his chariot, driven by waves of wind, move across the fixed circle in every direction.
भ्रमतस्तस्य रश्मी ते मण्डले तूत्तरायणे वर्धेते दक्षिणेष्वत्र भ्रमतो मण्डलानि तु
As it revolves, its rays increase in the circle during the northern course; in the southern, as it turns, the circles are likewise formed.
युगाक्षकोटीसम्बद्धौ द्वौ रश्मी स्यन्दनस्य तु ध्रुवेण प्रगृहीतौ तौ रथौ यौ वनतो रविम्
The two rays of the chariot, bound to the ends of the yoke and axle, are held by the pole star—these two draw the Sun’s chariot.
आकृष्येते यदा ते तु ध्रुवेण समधिष्ठिते तदा सो ऽभ्यन्तरे सूर्यो भ्रमते मण्डलानि तु
When those are drawn by the pole star, which is firmly established, then the Sun moves within, revolving through the circles.
अशीतिमण्डलशतं काष्ठयोरुभयोश्चरन् ध्रुवेण मुच्यमानेन पुना रश्मियुगेन च
Traversing eighty hundred circles between the two points, as the pole star is released, again with the pair of rays and yoke.
तथैव बाह्यतः सूर्यो भ्रमते मण्डलानि तु उद्वेष्टयन्वै वेगेन मण्डलानि तु गच्छति
In the same way, the Sun moves through the outer circles, swiftly encircling and passing through the circles.
स रथो ऽधिष्ठितो देवैर् मासि मासि यथाक्रमम् ततो वहत्यथादित्यं बहुभिर् ऋषिभिः सह
That chariot, presided over by the gods, month by month in order, then carries the Sun along with many sages.
गन्धर्वैरप्सरोभिश्च सर्पग्रामणिराक्षसैः एते वसन्ति वै सूर्ये मासौ द्वौ द्वौ क्रमेण च
Gandharvas, apsarases, chiefs of serpents, and rākṣasas—these dwell with the Sun, two by two, in each successive month.
धातार्यमा पुलस्त्यश्च पुलहश्च प्रजापती उरगौ वासुकिश्चैव संकीर्णश्चैव तावुभौ
Dhātā, Aryaman, Pulastya, Pulaha—these are the lords of creatures; and the serpents Vāsuki and Saṃkīrṇa, those two as well.
तुम्बुरुर् नारदश्चैव गन्धर्वौ गायतां वरौ कृतस्थलाप्सराश्चैव या च सा पुञ्जिकस्थला
Tumburu and Nārada, the foremost singers among gandharvas; the apsaras Kṛtasthalā and Puñjikasthalā as well.
ग्रामण्यौ रथकृत्तस्य रथौजाश्चैव तावुभौ रक्षो हेतिः प्रहेतिश्च यातुधानावुभौ ऋतौ
The two chiefs of the chariot-makers, and the two of great chariot-strength; the rākṣasas Heti and Praheti, both yātudhānas in their season.
मधुमाधवयोर्ह्येष गणो वसति भास्करे वसन्ग्रीष्मे तु द्वौ मासौ मित्रश्च वरुणश्च वै
During the months of Madhu and Mādhava, this group dwells with the Sun; and in the two summer months, Mitra and Varuṇa as well.
ऋषी अत्रिर्वसिष्ठश्च नागौ तक्षकरम्भकौ मेनका सहजन्या च हाहा हूहूश्च गायकौ
The sages Atri and Vasiṣṭha, the nāgas Takṣaka and Rambhaka, Menakā and Sahajanyā, and the singers Hāhā and Hūhū.
रथंतरश्च ग्रामण्यौ रथकृच्चैव तावुभौ पुरुषादो वधश्चैव यातुधानौ तु तौ स्मृतौ
Rathantara and the two chiefs of the chariot-makers, both of them; the man-eater and Vadha, both remembered as yātudhānas.
एते वसन्ति वै सूर्ये मासयोः शुचिशुक्रयोः ततः सूर्ये पुनश्चान्या निवसन्ति स्म देवताः
These reside in the sun during the months of Śuci and Śukra; then again, other deities dwell in the sun.
इन्द्रश्चैव विवस्वांश्च अङ्गिरा भृगुरेव च एलापत्त्रस्तथा सर्पः शङ्खपालश्च पन्नगः
Indra, Vivasvān, Aṅgirā, Bhṛgu, Elāpattras, the serpent Śaṅkhapāla, and the nāga dwell there.
विश्वावसुसुषेणौ च प्रातश्चैव रथश्च हि प्रम्लोचेत्यप्सराश्चैव निम्रोचन्ती च ते उभे
Viśvāvasu, Suṣeṇa, Prāta, and Ratha, as well as the apsarases Pramlocā and Nimrocantī, both reside there.
यातुधानस्तथा हेतिर् व्याघ्रश्चैव तु तावुभौ नभस्यनभसोरेतैर् वसन्तश्च दिवाकरे
Yātudhāna and Heti, and both Vyāghra and Tāvu, along with Nabhasya and Nabhas, reside in the sun.
मासौ द्वौ देवताः सूर्ये वसन्ति च शरदृतौ पर्जन्यश्चैव पूषा च भरद्वाजः सगौतमः
For two months in autumn, deities reside in the sun: Parjanya, Pūṣā, Bharadvāja, and Gautama.
चित्रसेनश्च गन्धर्वस् तथा वा सुरुचिश्च यः विश्वाची च घृताची च उभे ते पुण्यलक्षणे
Citraseṇa the gandharva, Suruci, Viśvācī, and Ghṛtācī, both bearing auspicious marks, dwell there.