नियच्छत्यापो मेघेभ्यः शुक्लाः शुक्लैस्तु रश्मिभिः अभ्रस्थाः प्रपतन्त्यापो वायुना समुदीरिताः
He restrains water from the clouds, the white ones with white rays; the waters residing in the clouds, stirred by the wind, fall down.
ततो वर्षति षण्मासान् सर्वभूतविवृद्धये वायुभिः स्तनितं चैव विद्युतस्त्वग्निजाः स्मृताः
Then, for six months, it rains for the growth of all beings; thunder is caused by winds, and lightning is said to arise from fire.
मेहनाच्च मिहेर् धातोर् मेघत्वं व्यञ्जयन्ति च न भ्रश्यन्ते ततो ह्यापस् तस्मादभ्रस्य वै स्थितिः स्रष्टासौ वृष्टिसर्गस्य ध्रुवेणाधिष्ठितो रविः
From the root 'mih,' the term 'megha' (cloud) is derived, and thus its nature is indicated; the waters do not perish, so the existence of clouds is established. The sun, fixed by the pole, is the creator and sustainer of rainfall.
ध्रुवेणाधिष्ठितो वायुर् वृष्टिं संहरते पुनः ग्रहन्निवृत्त्या सूर्यात्तु चरते ऋक्षमण्डलम्
The wind, established by the pole, gathers the rain again; due to the cessation of the eclipse, it moves from the sun to the circle of stars.
चारस्यान्ते विशत्यर्कं ध्रुवेण समधिष्ठितम् अतः सूर्यरथस्यापि संनिवेशं प्रचक्षते
At the end of its movement, it enters the sun, established by the pole; therefore, the arrangement of the sun's chariot is described.
स्थितेन त्वेकचक्रेण पञ्चारेण त्रिणाभिना हिरण्मयेनाणुना वै अष्टचक्रैकनेमिना चक्रेण भास्वता सूर्यः स्यन्दनेन प्रसर्पिणा
With a single wheel, five spokes, three hubs, a golden and minute axle, eight wheels, one rim, and a radiant wheel, the sun moves with its chariot.
शतयोजनसाहस्रो विस्तारायाम उच्यते द्विगुणा च रथोपस्थाद् ईषादण्डः प्रमाणतः
Its breadth and length are said to be a hundred thousand yojanas; the shaft is twice the size of the chariot's base, measured precisely.
स तस्य ब्रह्मणा सृष्टो रथो ह्यर्थवशेन तु असङ्गः काञ्चनो दिव्यो युक्तः पवनगैर्हयैः
That chariot, created by Brahma for a purpose, is unattached, golden, divine, and yoked with horses driven by the wind.
छन्दोभिर्वाजिरूपैस्तैर् यथाचक्रं समास्थितैः वारुणस्य रथस्येह लक्षणैः सदृशश्च सः
With meters in the form of steeds, arranged according to the wheels, it resembles the chariot of Varuna in its features.
तेनासौ चरति व्योम्नि भास्वाननुदिनं दिवि अथाङ्गानि तु सूर्यस्य प्रत्यङ्गानि रथस्य च संवत्सरस्यावयवैः कल्पितानि यथाक्रमम्
By means of that, the radiant one travels daily in the sky; the parts of the sun and the chariot are conceived as the components of the year, arranged in order.
अहर्नाभिस्तु सूर्यस्य एकचक्रस्य वै स्मृतः अराः संवत्सरास्तस्य नेम्यः षडृतवः स्मृताः
The navel of the sun is remembered as the single wheel; the spokes are the years, the rims are the six seasons.
रात्रिर्वरूथो धर्मश्च ध्वज ऊर्ध्वं व्यवस्थितः अक्षकोट्योर्युगान्यस्य आर्तवाहाः कलाः स्मृताः
Night is the yoke, righteousness is the banner set upright; the ends of the axle are the ages, and the divisions of time are the bearers of the seasons.
तस्य काष्ठा स्मृता घोणा दन्तपङ्क्तिः क्षणास्तु वै निमेषश्चानुकर्षो ऽस्य ईषा चास्य कला स्मृता
Its marks are remembered as the boundary, the row of teeth, and the moments; the blink is its movement, and the shaft is remembered as its division.
युगाक्षकोटी ते तस्य अर्थकामावुभौ स्मृतौ सप्ताश्वरूपाश्छन्दांसि वहन्ते वायुरंहसा
The ends of the axle are remembered as both purpose and desire; the seven meters, in the form of horses, are carried swiftly by the wind.
गायत्री चैव त्रिष्टुप्च जगत्यनुष्टुप्तथैव च पङ्क्तिश्च बृहती चैव उष्णिगेव तु सप्तमम्
Gayatri, Trishtup, Jagati, Anushtubh, Pankti, Brihati, and Ushnik are the seven.
चक्रमक्षे निबद्धं तु ध्रुवे चाक्षः समर्पितः सहचक्रो भ्रमत्यक्षः सहाक्षो भ्रमति ध्रुवः
The wheel is fixed on the axle, and the axle is set on the pole; the wheel rotates with the axle, and the pole rotates with the axle.
अक्षः सहैव चक्रेण भ्रमते ऽसौ ध्रुवेरितः एवमर्थवशात्तस्य संनिवेशो रथस्य तु
The axle, together with the wheel, revolves, impelled by the pole star; thus, by the force of its purpose, is the arrangement of that chariot.
तथा संयोगभागेन सिद्धो वै भास्करो रथः तेनासौ तरणिर्देवो नभसः सर्पते दिवम्
In the same way, by the combination of its parts, the chariot of the Sun is established; by this, the shining god moves through the sky toward heaven.
युगाक्षकोटी ते तस्य दक्षिणे स्यन्दनस्य तु भ्रमतो भ्रमतो रश्मी तौ चक्रयुगयोस्तु वै
The ends of the yoke and axle of his chariot are on the right; as it revolves, the rays are those two, belonging to the pair of wheel and yoke.
मण्डलानि भ्रमन्ते ऽस्य खेचरस्य रथस्य तु कुलालचक्रभ्रमवन् मण्डलं सर्वतोदिशम्
The circles of this chariot, which moves through the sky, revolve like the spinning of a potter’s wheel, forming a circle in every direction.
युगाक्षकोटी ते तस्य वातोर्मी स्यन्दनस्य तु संक्रमेते ध्रुवमहो मण्डले सर्वतोदिशम्
The ends of the yoke and axle of his chariot, driven by waves of wind, move across the fixed circle in every direction.
भ्रमतस्तस्य रश्मी ते मण्डले तूत्तरायणे वर्धेते दक्षिणेष्वत्र भ्रमतो मण्डलानि तु
As it revolves, its rays increase in the circle during the northern course; in the southern, as it turns, the circles are likewise formed.
युगाक्षकोटीसम्बद्धौ द्वौ रश्मी स्यन्दनस्य तु ध्रुवेण प्रगृहीतौ तौ रथौ यौ वनतो रविम्
The two rays of the chariot, bound to the ends of the yoke and axle, are held by the pole star—these two draw the Sun’s chariot.
आकृष्येते यदा ते तु ध्रुवेण समधिष्ठिते तदा सो ऽभ्यन्तरे सूर्यो भ्रमते मण्डलानि तु
When those are drawn by the pole star, which is firmly established, then the Sun moves within, revolving through the circles.
अशीतिमण्डलशतं काष्ठयोरुभयोश्चरन् ध्रुवेण मुच्यमानेन पुना रश्मियुगेन च
Traversing eighty hundred circles between the two points, as the pole star is released, again with the pair of rays and yoke.
तथैव बाह्यतः सूर्यो भ्रमते मण्डलानि तु उद्वेष्टयन्वै वेगेन मण्डलानि तु गच्छति
In the same way, the Sun moves through the outer circles, swiftly encircling and passing through the circles.
स रथो ऽधिष्ठितो देवैर् मासि मासि यथाक्रमम् ततो वहत्यथादित्यं बहुभिर् ऋषिभिः सह
That chariot, presided over by the gods, month by month in order, then carries the Sun along with many sages.
गन्धर्वैरप्सरोभिश्च सर्पग्रामणिराक्षसैः एते वसन्ति वै सूर्ये मासौ द्वौ द्वौ क्रमेण च
Gandharvas, apsarases, chiefs of serpents, and rākṣasas—these dwell with the Sun, two by two, in each successive month.
धातार्यमा पुलस्त्यश्च पुलहश्च प्रजापती उरगौ वासुकिश्चैव संकीर्णश्चैव तावुभौ
Dhātā, Aryaman, Pulastya, Pulaha—these are the lords of creatures; and the serpents Vāsuki and Saṃkīrṇa, those two as well.
तुम्बुरुर् नारदश्चैव गन्धर्वौ गायतां वरौ कृतस्थलाप्सराश्चैव या च सा पुञ्जिकस्थला
Tumburu and Nārada, the foremost singers among gandharvas; the apsaras Kṛtasthalā and Puñjikasthalā as well.