तिस्रस्तु वीथयो ह्येता उत्तरो मार्ग उच्यते पूर्वोत्तरा च फल्गुन्यौ मघा चैवार्षभी भवेत्
These three are the paths, and this is called the northern route; Purva and Uttara Phalguni, and Magha are said to be of the Taurus sign.
पूर्वोत्तरप्रोष्ठपदौ गोवीथी रेवती स्मृता श्रवणं च धनिष्ठा च वारुणं च जरद्गवम्
Purva and Uttara Proshthapada, along with Revati, are known as the cow's path; Sravana and Dhanishta, and Varuna are called Jaradgava.
एतास्तु वीथयस् तिस्रो मध्यमो मार्ग उच्यते हस्तश्चित्रा तथा स्वाती ह्य् अजवीथिरिति स्मृता
These three are the paths, and this is called the middle route; Hasta, Chitra, and Svati are known as the goat's path.
ज्येष्ठा विशाखा मैत्रं च मृगवीथी तथोच्यते मूलं पूर्वोत्तराषाढे वीथी वैश्वानरी भवेत्
Jyeshtha, Vishakha, and Maitra are called the deer's path; Mula and Purva-Uttara Ashadha are known as the Vaishvanara path.
स्मृतास्तिस्रस्तु वीथ्यस्ता मार्गे वै दक्षिणे पुनः काष्ठयोरन्तरं चैतद् वक्ष्यते योजनैः पुनः
These three paths are remembered in the southern route as well; now the distance between the segments will be stated in yojanas.
एतच्छतसहस्राणाम् एकत्रिंशत्तु वै स्मृतम् शतानि त्रीणि चान्यानि त्रयस्त्रिंशत्तथैव च
Of these hundred thousand, thirty-one are remembered, and there are three hundred others, and likewise thirty-three.
काष्ठयोरन्तरं ह्येतद् योजनानां प्रकीर्तितम् काष्ठयोर्लेखयोश्चैव अयने दक्षिणोत्तरे
The distance between the segments is thus declared in yojanas, as also between the lines of the segments at the southern and northern solstices.
ते वक्ष्यामि प्रसंख्याय योजनैस्तु निबोधत एकैकमन्तरं तद्वद् युक्तान्येतानि सप्तभिः
Now I will tell you, for calculation, the distances in yojanas; the interval between each is joined by seven.
सहस्रेणातिरिक्ता च ततो ऽन्या पञ्चविंशतिः लेखयोः काष्ठयोश्चैव बाह्याभ्यन्तरयोश्चरन्
There are twenty-five more beyond a thousand; moving between the inner and outer lines of the segments.
अभ्यन्तरं स पर्येति मण्डलान्युत्तरायणे बाह्यतो दक्षिणेनैव सततं सूर्यमण्डलम्
He traverses the inner circles at the northern solstice, and always the sun's circle on the outside at the southern.
चरन्नसावुदीच्यां च ह्य् अशीत्या मण्डलाञ्छतम् अभ्यन्तरं स पर्येति क्रमते मण्डलानि तु
Moving north, he circles a hundred and eighty circles; he traverses the inner circles and proceeds through the circles.
प्रमाणं मण्डलस्यापि योजनानां निबोधत योजनानां सहस्राणि दश चाष्टौ तथा स्मृतम्
Now hear the measure of the circle in yojanas: ten thousand and eight thousand are remembered.
अधिकान्यष्टपञ्चाशद् योजनानि तु वै पुनः विष्कम्भो मण्डलस्यैव तिर्यक्स तु विधीयते
And fifty-eight yojanas more are added; the diameter of the circle is thus prescribed as transverse.
अहस्तु चरते नाभेः सूर्यो वै मण्डलं क्रमात् कुलालचक्रपर्यन्तो यथा चन्द्रो रविस्तथा
The sun moves gradually from the center through the circle; just as the potter's wheel turns, so do the moon and sun.
दक्षिणे चक्रवत्सूर्यस् तथा शीघ्रं निवर्तते तस्मात्प्रकृष्टां भूमिं तु कालेनाल्पेन गच्छति
In the south, the sun turns swiftly like a wheel, and thus traverses a greater portion of the earth in a short time.
सूर्यो द्वादशभिः शीघ्रं मुहूर्तैर्दक्षिणायने त्रयोदशार्धमृक्षाणां मध्ये चरति मण्डलम्
The sun, in the southern course, swiftly moves through twelve muhurtas, and in the midst of thirteen and a half signs, traverses the circle.
मुहूर्तैस्तानि ऋक्षाणि नक्तमष्टादशैश्चरन् कुलालचक्रमध्यस्थो यथा मन्दं प्रसर्पति
Within moments, the Sun traverses those constellations at night, moving as if at the center of a potter’s wheel, advancing slowly.
उदग्याने तथा सूर्यः सर्पते मन्दविक्रमः तस्माद्दीर्घेण कालेन भूमिं सो ऽल्पां प्रसर्पति
In the northern course, likewise, the Sun moves with slow steps; therefore, over a long period, it covers only a small portion of the earth.
सूर्यो ऽष्टादशभिरह्नो मुहूर्तैरुदगायने त्रयोदशानां मध्ये तु ऋक्षाणां चरते रविः मुहूर्तैस्तानि ऋक्षाणि रात्रौ द्वादशभिश्चरन्
During the northern course, the Sun passes through the constellations in eighteen moments by day; in the midst of thirteen constellations, the Sun travels, and at night, it traverses those constellations in twelve moments.
ततो मन्दतरं ताभ्यां चक्रं तु भ्रमते पुनः मृत्पिण्ड इव मध्यस्थो भ्रमते ऽसौ ध्रुवस्तथा
Then, the wheel revolves even more slowly than those two; just as a lump of clay at the center moves, so too does the fixed point.
मुहूर्तैस्त्रिंशता तावद् अहोरात्रं भुवो भ्रमन् उभयोः काष्ठयोर्मध्ये भ्रमते मण्डलानि तु
With thirty moments, the day and night revolve upon the earth; between the two boundaries, the circles revolve.
उत्तरक्रमणे ऽर्कस्य दिवा मन्दगतिः स्मृता तस्यैव तु पुनर्नक्तं शीघ्रा सूर्यस्य वै गतिः
When the Sun moves northward, its daytime motion is considered slow; but at night, its motion is swift.
दक्षिणप्रक्रमे वापि दिवा शीघ्रं विधीयते गतिः सूर्यस्य वै नक्तं मन्दा चापि विधीयते
In the southern course, the Sun’s daytime motion is swift, while at night, its motion is considered slow.
एवं गतिविशेषेण विभजन्रात्र्यहानि तु अजवीथ्यां दक्षिणायां लोकालोकस्य चोत्तरम्
Thus, by the distinction in motion, day and night are divided in the southern path of the goat and in the northern region of Lokāloka.
लोकसंतानतो ह्येष वैश्वानरपथाद्बहिः व्युष्टिर्यावत्प्रभा सौरी पुष्करात्सम्प्रवर्तते
From the expansion of the worlds, outside the path of fire, the radiance of the Sun spreads forth from Puṣkara as far as its light reaches.
पार्श्वेभ्यो बाह्यतस् तावल् लोकालोकश्च पर्वतः योजनानां सहस्राणि दशोर्ध्वं चोच्छ्रितो गिरिः
On the outer sides, Lokāloka is the mountain; the mountain rises ten thousand yojanas high.
प्रकाशश्चाप्रकाशश्च पर्वतः परिमण्डलः नक्षत्रचन्द्रसूर्याश्च ग्रहास्तारागणैः सह
The mountain is both luminous and non-luminous, perfectly circular, along with the stars, Moon, Sun, planets, and hosts of stars.
अभ्यन्तरे प्रकाशन्ते लोकालोकस्य वै गिरेः एतावानेव लोकस्तु निरालोकस्ततः परम्
Within, the worlds shine inside the mountain of Lokāloka; this is the extent of the world, and beyond that is darkness.
लोक आलोकने धातुर् निरालोकस्त्वलोकता लोकालोकौ तु संधत्ते यस्मात्सूर्यः परिभ्रमन्
The world is visible due to the element of light, while beyond is non-light; Lokāloka are joined together, for the Sun revolves around them.
तस्मात्संध्येति तामाहुर् उषाव्युष्टैर्यथान्तरम् उषा रात्रिः स्मृता विप्रैर् व्युष्टिश्चापि अहः स्मृतम्
Therefore, it is called 'twilight,' as the sages say, with dawn and dusk marking the intervals; dawn is considered night by the sages, and dusk is considered day.