काष्ठागतस्य सूर्यस्य गतिस्तत्र निबोधत दक्षिणोपक्रमे सूर्यः क्षिप्तेषुरिव सर्पति
Now hear the movement of the sun as it reaches the solstice; at the beginning of the southern course, the sun glides swiftly like a released arrow.
ज्योतिषां चक्रमादाय सततं परिगच्छति मध्यगश्चामरावत्यां यदा भवति भास्करः
Taking the wheel of the luminaries, it continually revolves; when the sun is in the middle, it is at Amarāvatī.
वैवस्वते संयमने उद्यन्सूर्यः प्रदृश्यते सुषायामर्धरात्रस्तु विभावर्यास्तम् एति च
At the city of restraint of Vaivasvata, the rising sun is seen; at Suṣā, it is midnight, and at Vibhāvarī, it sets.
वैवस्वते संयमने मध्याह्ने तु रविर्यदा सुषायामथ वारुण्याम् उत्तिष्ठन्स तु दृश्यते
At the city of restraint of Vaivasvata, when it is midday, then at Suṣā or at Varuṇa's city, the rising sun is seen.
विभावर्यामर्धरात्रं माहेन्द्र्यामस्तमेव च सुषायामथ वारुण्यां मध्याह्ने तु रविर्यदा
At Vibhāvarī, it is midnight; at Mahendra's city, it sets; at Suṣā or at Varuṇa's city, when it is midday, the sun is seen.
विभावर्यां सोमपुर्याम् उत्तिष्ठति विभावसुः महेन्द्रस्यामरावत्याम् उद्गच्छति दिवाकरः
At Vibhāvarī and Soma's city, the sun rises; at Mahendra's Amarāvatī, the sun ascends.
अर्धरात्रं संयमने वारुण्यामस्तमेति च स शीघ्रमेव पर्येति भानुरालातचक्रवत्
At midnight, at the city of restraint or at Varuṇa's city, the sun sets; the sun swiftly traverses, like the wheel of a firebrand.
भ्रमन्वै भ्रममाणानि ऋक्षाणि चरते रविः एवं चतुर्षु पार्श्वेषु दक्षिणान्तेषु सर्पति
The sun moves among the revolving stars; thus, in the four southern quarters, it glides.
उदयास्तमये वासाव् उत्तिष्ठति पुनः पुनः पूर्वाह्णे चापराह्णे च द्वौ द्वौ देवालयौ तु सः
At sunrise and sunset, it rises again and again; in the forenoon and afternoon, it is at two temples each.
पतत्येकं तु मध्याह्ने भाभिरेव च रश्मिभिः उदितो वर्धमानाभिर् मध्याह्ने तपते रविः
It falls at midday, with its rays and brilliance; rising, it increases, and at midday, the sun burns intensely.
अतः परं ह्रसन्तीभिर् गोभिरस्तं स गच्छति उदयास्तमयाभ्यां च स्मृते पूर्वापरे तु वै
After this, as the cows become shorter, he goes to the setting; and sunrise and sunset are remembered as the eastern and western points.
यादृक्पुरस्तात्तपति यादृक्पृष्ठे तु पार्श्वयोः यत्रोदयस्तु दृश्येत तेषां स उदयः स्मृतः
As it shines in the front, so it shines behind and on both sides; wherever sunrise is seen, that is called their sunrise.
प्रणाशं गच्छते यत्र तेषामस्तः स उच्यते सर्वेषामुत्तरे मेरुर् लोकालोकस्य दक्षिणे
Where it goes to disappearance, that is called their setting; for all, Meru is to the north, and Lokāloka is to the south.
विदूरभावादर्कस्य भूमेरेषा गतस्य च श्रयन्ते रश्मयो यस्मात् तेन रात्रौ न दृश्यते
Because of the great distance and darkness of the earth, and of what has gone, the rays do not reach; therefore, at night, it is not seen.
ऊर्ध्वं शतसहस्रांशुः स्थितस्तत्र प्रदृश्यते एवं पुष्करमध्ये तु यदा भवति भास्करः
Above, the sun with a hundred thousand rays is seen standing there; thus, when the sun is in the middle of Puṣkara.
त्रिंशद्भागं च मेदिन्या मुहूर्तेन स गच्छति योजनानां सहस्रस्य इमां संख्यां निबोधत
He traverses a thirtieth part of the earth in a muhūrta; now learn the number of a thousand yojanas.
पूर्णं शतसहस्राणाम् एकत्रिंशच्च सा स्मृता पञ्चाशच्च सहस्राणि तथान्यान्यधिकानि च
It is remembered as a full hundred thousand and thirty-one, and fifty thousand, and likewise others in addition.
मौहूर्तिकी गतिर्ह्येषा सूर्यस्य तु विधीयते एतेन क्रमयोगेण यदा काष्ठां तु दक्षिणाम्
This is the sun's movement per muhūrta, as prescribed; by this sequence, when he reaches the southern segment.
परिगच्छति सूर्यो ऽसौ मासं काष्ठामुदग्दिनात् मध्येन पुष्करस्याथ भ्रमते दक्षिणायने
The sun traverses the segment for a month, starting from the northern side; then, in the middle of Puṣkara, he moves in the southern course.
मानसोत्तरमेरोस्तु अन्तरं त्रिगुणं स्मृतम् सर्वतो दक्षिणस्यां तु काष्ठायां तन्निबोधत
The interval between Mānasottara and Meru is considered threefold; now learn the extent of the southern segment in all directions.
नव कोट्यः प्रसंख्याता योजनैः परिमण्डलम् तथा शतसहस्राणि चत्वारिंशच्च पञ्च च
Nine crores are reckoned in yojanas for the circumference, and also a hundred thousand, forty, and five.
अहोरात्रात्पतंगस्य गतिरेषा विधीयते दक्षिणादिङ्निवृत्तो ऽसौ विषुवस्थो यदा रविः
This is the movement of the sun in a day and night; when he turns from the southern direction and stands at the equator.
क्षीरोदस्य समुद्रस्योत्तरतो ऽपि दिशं चरन् मण्डलं विषुवच्चापि योजनैस्तन्निबोधत
Moving in the direction north of the ocean of milk, learn the circumference at the equator in yojanas.
तिस्रः कोट्यस्तु सम्पूर्णा विषुवस्यापि मण्डलम् तथा शतसहस्राणि विंशत्येकाधिकानि तु
Three crores are complete for the circumference of the equator, and also twenty-one thousand hundred thousands.
श्रावणे चोत्तरां काष्ठां चित्रभानुर्यदा भवेत् गोमेदस्य परद्वीपे उत्तरां च दिशं चरन्
When Citrabhānu is in the northern segment in Śrāvaṇa, moving in the northern direction on the continent of Gomedha.
उत्तरायाः प्रमाणं तु काष्ठाया मण्डलस्य तु दक्षिणोत्तरमध्यानि तानि विन्द्याद् यथाक्रमम्
Now the measure of the northern segment, and of the circumference; the southern, northern, and middle, let him ascertain in order.
स्थानं जरद्गवं मध्ये तथैरावतमुत्तमम् वैश्वानरं दक्षिणतो निर्दिष्टमिह तत्त्वतः
The place Jaradgava is in the middle, and likewise Airāvata is the highest; Vaiśvānara is designated to the south here, in truth.
नागवीथ्युत्तरा वीथी ह्य् अजवीथिस् तु दक्षिणा उभे आषाढमूलं तु अजवीथ्यादयस् त्रयः
Nāgavīthi is the northern path, and Ajavīthi is the southern; both, and Āṣāḍhamūla, are the three beginnings of Ajavīthi.
अभिजित्पूर्वतः स्वातिं नागवीथ्युत्तरास् त्रयः अश्विनी कृत्तिका याम्या नागवीथ्यस् त्रयः स्मृताः
East of Abhijit are Svati and three stars of the northern serpent's path; Ashvini and Krittika are in the south, and three are remembered as the southern serpent's path.
रोहिण्यार्द्रा मृगशिरो नागवीथिर् इति स्मृता पुष्याश्लेषा पुनर्वस्वोर् वीथी चैरावती स्मृता
Rohini, Ardra, and Mrigashira are known as the serpent's path; Pushya, Ashlesha, and Punarvasu are called the Airavati path.