तथा शतसहस्राणाम् एकोनाशीतिर् उच्यते सप्तद्वीपसमुद्रायाः पृथिव्याः स तु विस्तरः
Likewise, it is said to be seventy-nine hundred thousand for the expanse of the earth with its seven island-continents and oceans.
विस्तारं त्रिगुणं चैव पृथिव्यन्तरमण्डलम् गणितं योजनानां तु कोट्यस्त्वेकादश स्मृताः
The inner disk of the earth is three times as wide; it is reckoned as eleven crores of yojanas.
तथा शतसहस्राणां सप्तत्रिंशाधिकास्तु ताः इत्येतद्वै प्रसंख्यातं पृथिव्यन्तरमण्डलम्
Thus, they are one hundred thousand and thirty-seven in number; this is the reckoning of the inner circle of the earth.
तारकासंनिवेशस्य दिवि यावत्तु मण्डलम् पर्याप्तसंनिवेशस्य भूमेस्तावत्तु मण्डलम्
The extent of the constellation arrangement in the sky is equal to the extent of the earth's arrangement when fully encompassed.
पर्यासपरिमाणं च भूमेस्तुल्यं दिवः स्मृतम् मेरोः प्राच्यां दिशायां तु मानसोत्तरमूर्धनि
The measure of the circuit of the earth is considered equal to that of the sky, at the summit of Mount Mānasa in the eastern direction of Meru.
वस्त्वेकसारा माहेन्द्री पुण्या हेमपरिष्कृता दक्षिणेन पुनर्मेरोर् मानसस्य तु पृष्ठतः
Indeed, Mahendra's city is uniform, auspicious, adorned with gold; south of Meru and behind Mānasa.
वैवस्वतो निवसति यमः संयमने पुरे प्रतीच्यां तु पुनर्मेरोर् मानसस्य तु मूर्धनि
Vaivasvata Yama dwells in the city of restraint; and again, on the western side of Meru, at the summit of Mānasa.
सुषा नाम पुरी रम्या वरुणस्यापि धीमतः दिश्युत्तरस्यां मेरोस्तु मानसस्यैव मूर्धनि
Suṣā is the delightful city of the wise Varuṇa, on the northern side of Meru, at the summit of Mānasa.
तुल्या महेन्द्रपुर्यापि सोमस्यापि विभावरी मानसोत्तरपृष्ठे तु लोकपालाश्चतुर्दिशम्
Vibhāvarī, the city of Soma, is equal to Mahendra's city; at the rear of Mānasa, the guardians of the worlds are in the four directions.
स्थिता धर्मव्यवस्थार्थं लोकसंरक्षणाय च लोकपालोपरिष्टात्तु सर्वतो दक्षिणायने
They are stationed for the establishment of righteousness and for the protection of the worlds; above the guardians of the worlds, everywhere in the southern course.
काष्ठागतस्य सूर्यस्य गतिस्तत्र निबोधत दक्षिणोपक्रमे सूर्यः क्षिप्तेषुरिव सर्पति
Now hear the movement of the sun as it reaches the solstice; at the beginning of the southern course, the sun glides swiftly like a released arrow.
ज्योतिषां चक्रमादाय सततं परिगच्छति मध्यगश्चामरावत्यां यदा भवति भास्करः
Taking the wheel of the luminaries, it continually revolves; when the sun is in the middle, it is at Amarāvatī.
वैवस्वते संयमने उद्यन्सूर्यः प्रदृश्यते सुषायामर्धरात्रस्तु विभावर्यास्तम् एति च
At the city of restraint of Vaivasvata, the rising sun is seen; at Suṣā, it is midnight, and at Vibhāvarī, it sets.
वैवस्वते संयमने मध्याह्ने तु रविर्यदा सुषायामथ वारुण्याम् उत्तिष्ठन्स तु दृश्यते
At the city of restraint of Vaivasvata, when it is midday, then at Suṣā or at Varuṇa's city, the rising sun is seen.
विभावर्यामर्धरात्रं माहेन्द्र्यामस्तमेव च सुषायामथ वारुण्यां मध्याह्ने तु रविर्यदा
At Vibhāvarī, it is midnight; at Mahendra's city, it sets; at Suṣā or at Varuṇa's city, when it is midday, the sun is seen.
विभावर्यां सोमपुर्याम् उत्तिष्ठति विभावसुः महेन्द्रस्यामरावत्याम् उद्गच्छति दिवाकरः
At Vibhāvarī and Soma's city, the sun rises; at Mahendra's Amarāvatī, the sun ascends.
अर्धरात्रं संयमने वारुण्यामस्तमेति च स शीघ्रमेव पर्येति भानुरालातचक्रवत्
At midnight, at the city of restraint or at Varuṇa's city, the sun sets; the sun swiftly traverses, like the wheel of a firebrand.
भ्रमन्वै भ्रममाणानि ऋक्षाणि चरते रविः एवं चतुर्षु पार्श्वेषु दक्षिणान्तेषु सर्पति
The sun moves among the revolving stars; thus, in the four southern quarters, it glides.
उदयास्तमये वासाव् उत्तिष्ठति पुनः पुनः पूर्वाह्णे चापराह्णे च द्वौ द्वौ देवालयौ तु सः
At sunrise and sunset, it rises again and again; in the forenoon and afternoon, it is at two temples each.
पतत्येकं तु मध्याह्ने भाभिरेव च रश्मिभिः उदितो वर्धमानाभिर् मध्याह्ने तपते रविः
It falls at midday, with its rays and brilliance; rising, it increases, and at midday, the sun burns intensely.
अतः परं ह्रसन्तीभिर् गोभिरस्तं स गच्छति उदयास्तमयाभ्यां च स्मृते पूर्वापरे तु वै
After this, as the cows become shorter, he goes to the setting; and sunrise and sunset are remembered as the eastern and western points.
यादृक्पुरस्तात्तपति यादृक्पृष्ठे तु पार्श्वयोः यत्रोदयस्तु दृश्येत तेषां स उदयः स्मृतः
As it shines in the front, so it shines behind and on both sides; wherever sunrise is seen, that is called their sunrise.
प्रणाशं गच्छते यत्र तेषामस्तः स उच्यते सर्वेषामुत्तरे मेरुर् लोकालोकस्य दक्षिणे
Where it goes to disappearance, that is called their setting; for all, Meru is to the north, and Lokāloka is to the south.
विदूरभावादर्कस्य भूमेरेषा गतस्य च श्रयन्ते रश्मयो यस्मात् तेन रात्रौ न दृश्यते
Because of the great distance and darkness of the earth, and of what has gone, the rays do not reach; therefore, at night, it is not seen.
ऊर्ध्वं शतसहस्रांशुः स्थितस्तत्र प्रदृश्यते एवं पुष्करमध्ये तु यदा भवति भास्करः
Above, the sun with a hundred thousand rays is seen standing there; thus, when the sun is in the middle of Puṣkara.
त्रिंशद्भागं च मेदिन्या मुहूर्तेन स गच्छति योजनानां सहस्रस्य इमां संख्यां निबोधत
He traverses a thirtieth part of the earth in a muhūrta; now learn the number of a thousand yojanas.
पूर्णं शतसहस्राणाम् एकत्रिंशच्च सा स्मृता पञ्चाशच्च सहस्राणि तथान्यान्यधिकानि च
It is remembered as a full hundred thousand and thirty-one, and fifty thousand, and likewise others in addition.
मौहूर्तिकी गतिर्ह्येषा सूर्यस्य तु विधीयते एतेन क्रमयोगेण यदा काष्ठां तु दक्षिणाम्
This is the sun's movement per muhūrta, as prescribed; by this sequence, when he reaches the southern segment.
परिगच्छति सूर्यो ऽसौ मासं काष्ठामुदग्दिनात् मध्येन पुष्करस्याथ भ्रमते दक्षिणायने
The sun traverses the segment for a month, starting from the northern side; then, in the middle of Puṣkara, he moves in the southern course.
मानसोत्तरमेरोस्तु अन्तरं त्रिगुणं स्मृतम् सर्वतो दक्षिणस्यां तु काष्ठायां तन्निबोधत
The interval between Mānasottara and Meru is considered threefold; now learn the extent of the southern segment in all directions.