अस्य भारतवर्षस्य विष्कम्भात्तुल्यविस्तृतम् मण्डलं भास्करस्याथ योजनैस्तन्निबोधत
The disk of the sun is as wide as the diameter of this land of Bharata; now hear its measure in yojanas.
नवयोजनसाहस्रो विस्तारो मण्डलस्य तु विस्तारात्त्रिगुणश्चापि परिणाहो ऽत्र मण्डले
The width of the disk is nine thousand yojanas; and its circumference is three times its width.
विष्कम्भान्मण्डलाच्चैव भास्कराद्द्विगुणः शशी अतः पृथिव्या वक्ष्यामि प्रमाणं योजनैः पुनः
From the diameter and the disk, the moon is twice as large as the sun; now I shall again declare the measure of the earth in yojanas.
सप्तद्वीपसमुद्राया विस्तारो मण्डलस्य तु इत्येतदिह संख्यातं पुराणे परिमाणतः
The expanse of the disk of the seven island-continents and oceans—this has been enumerated here in the Purāṇa by its measure.
तद्वक्ष्यामि प्रसंख्याय साम्प्रतं चाभिमानिभिः अभिमानिनो ह्यतीता ये तुल्यास्ते साम्प्रतैस्त्विह
I shall now state that enumeration, as reckoned by those who are proud; those proud ones of the past are equal to those of the present here.
देवादेवैर् अतीतास्तु रूपैर्नामभिरेव च तस्माद्वै साम्प्रतैर्देवैर् वक्ष्यामि वसुधातलम्
The gods and antigods of the past were known only by their forms and names; therefore, I shall describe the surface of the earth according to the present gods.
दिव्यस्य संनिवेशो वै साम्प्रतैरेव कृत्स्नशः शतार्धकोटिविस्तारा पृथिवी कृत्स्नशः स्मृता
The divine arrangement is now entirely according to the present; the earth is said to have a total expanse of one hundred and fifty million.
तस्याश्चार्धप्रमाणं च मेरोश्चैवोत्तरोत्तरम् मेरोर्मध्ये प्रतिदिशं कोटिरेका तु सा स्मृता
And half that measure is said for Meru, each direction from the middle of Meru is reckoned as one crore.
तथा शतसहस्राणाम् एकोननवतिं पुनः पञ्चाशच्च सहस्राणि पृथिव्यर्धस्य विस्तरः
Likewise, again, ninety-nine hundred thousand and fifty thousand is the expanse of half the earth.
पृथिव्या विस्तरं कृत्यं योजनैस्तं निबोधत तिस्रः कोट्यस्तु विस्तारात् संख्यातास्तु चतुर्दिशम्
Now hear the measure of the earth's expanse in yojanas; three crores are counted in each of the four directions.
तथा शतसहस्राणाम् एकोनाशीतिर् उच्यते सप्तद्वीपसमुद्रायाः पृथिव्याः स तु विस्तरः
Likewise, it is said to be seventy-nine hundred thousand for the expanse of the earth with its seven island-continents and oceans.
विस्तारं त्रिगुणं चैव पृथिव्यन्तरमण्डलम् गणितं योजनानां तु कोट्यस्त्वेकादश स्मृताः
The inner disk of the earth is three times as wide; it is reckoned as eleven crores of yojanas.
तथा शतसहस्राणां सप्तत्रिंशाधिकास्तु ताः इत्येतद्वै प्रसंख्यातं पृथिव्यन्तरमण्डलम्
Thus, they are one hundred thousand and thirty-seven in number; this is the reckoning of the inner circle of the earth.
तारकासंनिवेशस्य दिवि यावत्तु मण्डलम् पर्याप्तसंनिवेशस्य भूमेस्तावत्तु मण्डलम्
The extent of the constellation arrangement in the sky is equal to the extent of the earth's arrangement when fully encompassed.
पर्यासपरिमाणं च भूमेस्तुल्यं दिवः स्मृतम् मेरोः प्राच्यां दिशायां तु मानसोत्तरमूर्धनि
The measure of the circuit of the earth is considered equal to that of the sky, at the summit of Mount Mānasa in the eastern direction of Meru.
वस्त्वेकसारा माहेन्द्री पुण्या हेमपरिष्कृता दक्षिणेन पुनर्मेरोर् मानसस्य तु पृष्ठतः
Indeed, Mahendra's city is uniform, auspicious, adorned with gold; south of Meru and behind Mānasa.
वैवस्वतो निवसति यमः संयमने पुरे प्रतीच्यां तु पुनर्मेरोर् मानसस्य तु मूर्धनि
Vaivasvata Yama dwells in the city of restraint; and again, on the western side of Meru, at the summit of Mānasa.
सुषा नाम पुरी रम्या वरुणस्यापि धीमतः दिश्युत्तरस्यां मेरोस्तु मानसस्यैव मूर्धनि
Suṣā is the delightful city of the wise Varuṇa, on the northern side of Meru, at the summit of Mānasa.
तुल्या महेन्द्रपुर्यापि सोमस्यापि विभावरी मानसोत्तरपृष्ठे तु लोकपालाश्चतुर्दिशम्
Vibhāvarī, the city of Soma, is equal to Mahendra's city; at the rear of Mānasa, the guardians of the worlds are in the four directions.
स्थिता धर्मव्यवस्थार्थं लोकसंरक्षणाय च लोकपालोपरिष्टात्तु सर्वतो दक्षिणायने
They are stationed for the establishment of righteousness and for the protection of the worlds; above the guardians of the worlds, everywhere in the southern course.
काष्ठागतस्य सूर्यस्य गतिस्तत्र निबोधत दक्षिणोपक्रमे सूर्यः क्षिप्तेषुरिव सर्पति
Now hear the movement of the sun as it reaches the solstice; at the beginning of the southern course, the sun glides swiftly like a released arrow.
ज्योतिषां चक्रमादाय सततं परिगच्छति मध्यगश्चामरावत्यां यदा भवति भास्करः
Taking the wheel of the luminaries, it continually revolves; when the sun is in the middle, it is at Amarāvatī.
वैवस्वते संयमने उद्यन्सूर्यः प्रदृश्यते सुषायामर्धरात्रस्तु विभावर्यास्तम् एति च
At the city of restraint of Vaivasvata, the rising sun is seen; at Suṣā, it is midnight, and at Vibhāvarī, it sets.
वैवस्वते संयमने मध्याह्ने तु रविर्यदा सुषायामथ वारुण्याम् उत्तिष्ठन्स तु दृश्यते
At the city of restraint of Vaivasvata, when it is midday, then at Suṣā or at Varuṇa's city, the rising sun is seen.
विभावर्यामर्धरात्रं माहेन्द्र्यामस्तमेव च सुषायामथ वारुण्यां मध्याह्ने तु रविर्यदा
At Vibhāvarī, it is midnight; at Mahendra's city, it sets; at Suṣā or at Varuṇa's city, when it is midday, the sun is seen.
विभावर्यां सोमपुर्याम् उत्तिष्ठति विभावसुः महेन्द्रस्यामरावत्याम् उद्गच्छति दिवाकरः
At Vibhāvarī and Soma's city, the sun rises; at Mahendra's Amarāvatī, the sun ascends.
अर्धरात्रं संयमने वारुण्यामस्तमेति च स शीघ्रमेव पर्येति भानुरालातचक्रवत्
At midnight, at the city of restraint or at Varuṇa's city, the sun sets; the sun swiftly traverses, like the wheel of a firebrand.
भ्रमन्वै भ्रममाणानि ऋक्षाणि चरते रविः एवं चतुर्षु पार्श्वेषु दक्षिणान्तेषु सर्पति
The sun moves among the revolving stars; thus, in the four southern quarters, it glides.
उदयास्तमये वासाव् उत्तिष्ठति पुनः पुनः पूर्वाह्णे चापराह्णे च द्वौ द्वौ देवालयौ तु सः
At sunrise and sunset, it rises again and again; in the forenoon and afternoon, it is at two temples each.
पतत्येकं तु मध्याह्ने भाभिरेव च रश्मिभिः उदितो वर्धमानाभिर् मध्याह्ने तपते रविः
It falls at midday, with its rays and brilliance; rising, it increases, and at midday, the sun burns intensely.