उदयतीन्दौ पूर्वे तु समुद्रः पूर्यते सदा प्रक्षीयमाने बहुले क्षीयते ऽस्तमिते च वै
When the moon rises in the east, the ocean is always filled; but when the moon wanes or sets, the ocean decreases greatly.
आपूर्यमाणो ह्युदधिर् आत्मनैवाभिपूर्यते ततो वै क्षीयमाणे तु स्वात्मन्येव ह्य् अपां क्षयः
As the ocean is being filled, it is replenished by itself; and when it decreases, the loss of water is also within itself.
उदयात्पयसां योगात् पुष्पन्त्य् आपो यथा स्वयम् तथा स तु समुद्रो ऽपि वर्धते शशिनोदये
Just as, at the rising of the moon, the waters blossom by the union with its rays, so too does the ocean grow when the moon rises.
अन्यूनानतिरिक्तात्मा वर्धन्त्यापो ह्रसन्ति च उदये ऽस्तमये चेन्दोः पक्षयोः शुक्लकृष्णयोः
The waters neither increase nor decrease beyond their measure, but they swell and shrink at the moon’s waxing and waning, during the bright and dark fortnights.
क्षयवृद्धी समुद्रस्य शशिवृद्धिक्षये तथा दशोत्तराणि पञ्चाहुर् अङ्गुलानां शतानि च
The increase and decrease of the ocean correspond to the waxing and waning of the moon; it is said to be one hundred and ten plus five aṅgulas (fingers) in measure.
अपां वृद्धिः क्षयो दृष्टः समुद्राणां तु पर्वसु द्विरापत्वात् स्मृतो द्वीपो दधनाच्चोदधिः स्मृतः
The growth and decrease of the waters of the oceans are observed at the lunar phases; because it is surrounded twice, it is called 'dvīpa' (island), and because it holds water, it is called 'udadhi' (ocean).
निगीर्णत्वाच्च गिरयः पर्वबन्धाच्च पर्वताः शाकद्वीपे तु वै शाकः पर्वतस्तेन चोच्यते
Because they are swallowed, they are called 'girayaḥ' (mountains), and because they are bound together, they are called 'parvataḥ' (ranges); in Śākadvīpa, the mountain called Śāka is thus named.
कुशद्वीपे कुशस्तम्बो मध्ये जनपदस्य तु क्रौञ्चद्वीपे गिरिः क्रौञ्चस् तस्य नाम्ना निगद्यते
In Kuśadvīpa, there is a clump of kuśa grass in the middle of the land; in Krauñcadvīpa, there is the mountain Krauñca, which is named after it.
शाल्मलिः शाल्मलद्वीपे पूज्यते स महाद्रुमः गोमेदके तु गोमेदः पर्वतस्तेन चोच्यते
In Śālmaladvīpa, the great tree Śālmalī is revered; on Gomeda, the mountain Gomeda is thus named.
न्यग्रोधः पुष्करद्वीपे पद्मवत्तेन स स्मृतः पूज्यते स महादेवैर् ब्रह्मांशो ऽव्यक्तसम्भवः
On Puṣkaradvīpa, the banyan tree is known as Padmavat; it is revered by the great gods, being a portion of Brahmā, born from the unmanifest.
तस्मिन्स वसति ब्रह्मा साध्यैः सार्धं प्रजापतिः तत्र देवा उपासन्ते त्रयस्त्रिंशन्महर्षिभिः
There, Brahmā, the lord of creatures, dwells together with the Sādhyas; there, the gods worship him along with the thirty-three great sages.
स तत्र पूज्यते देवो देवैर्महर्षिसत्तमैः जम्बूद्वीपात्प्रवर्तन्ते रत्नानि विविधानि च
There, that god is worshipped by the gods and the foremost great sages; from Jambūdvīpa, various kinds of jewels arise.
द्वीपेषु तेषु सर्वेषु प्रजानां क्रमशस्तु वै आर्जवाद्ब्रह्मचर्येण सत्येन च दमेन च
On all those islands, the people, in due order, by uprightness, celibacy, truthfulness, and self-restraint, live accordingly.
आरोग्यायुःप्रमाणाभ्यां द्विगुणं द्विगुणं ततः द्वीपेषु तेषु सर्वेषु यथोक्तं वर्षकेषु च
In all those islands, as described in the regions, health and lifespan are twice and then twice again as great.
गोपायन्ते प्रजास्तत्र सर्वैः सहजपण्डितैः भोजनं चाप्रयत्नेन सदा स्वयमुपस्थितम्
There, the people are protected by all who are naturally wise, and food is always available to them without effort.
षड्रसं तन्महावीर्यं तत्र ते भुञ्जते जनाः परेण पुष्करस्याथ आवृत्यावस्थितो महान्
There, the people partake of food that is of six tastes and great potency; and beyond, the great one stands encircling Puṣkara.
स्वादूदकसमुद्रस्तु स समन्ताद् अवेष्टयत् स्वादूदकस्य परितः शैलस्तु परिमण्डलः
The ocean of fresh water encircled it on all sides, and around the fresh water was a circular mountain.
प्रकाशश्चाप्रकाशश्च लोकालोकः स उच्यते आलोकस्तत्र चार्वाक्च निरालोकस्ततः परम्
That is called Lokāloka, both luminous and non-luminous; there, light exists and darkness, and beyond that is utter darkness.
लोकविस्तारमात्रं तु पृथिव्यर्धं तु बाह्यतः प्रतिच्छिन्नं समन्तात्तु उदकेनावृतं महत्
The earth's expanse is only half of the world, externally bounded, and all around it is enveloped by a vast body of water.
भूमेर्दशगुणाश्चापः समन्तात्पालयन्ति गाम् अद्भ्यो दशगुणश्चाग्निः सर्वतो धारयत्य् अपः
Waters, ten times greater than the earth, protect the earth on all sides; and fire, ten times greater than water, sustains the waters everywhere.
अग्नेर्दशगुणो वायुर् धारयञ्ज्योतिरास्थितः तिर्यक्च मण्डलो वायुर् भूतान्यावेष्ट्य धारयन्
Wind, ten times greater than fire, upholds the radiant element; wind, circular and transverse, encompasses and sustains the elements.
दशाधिकं तथाकाशं वायोर्भूतान्यधारयत् भूतादिर्धारयन्व्योम तस्माद्दशगुणस्तु वै
Space, exceeding wind by ten times, supports the elements; the primal element sustains space, and thus it is ten times greater.
भूतादितो दशगुणं महद्भूतान्यधारयत् महत्तत्त्वं ह्यनन्तेन अव्यक्तेन तु धार्यते
The great elements, ten times greater than the primal element, sustain the elements; the principle of greatness is upheld by the infinite, the unmanifest.
आधाराधेयभावेन विकारास्ते विकारिणाम् पृथ्व्यादयो विकारास्ते परिच्छिन्नाः परस्परम्
By the relation of support and supported, these modifications arise from the modifiers; earth and the rest are modifications, each limited by the other.
परस्पराधिकाश्चैव प्रविष्टाश्च परस्परम् एवं परस्परोत्पन्ना धार्यन्ते च परस्परम्
They are mutually superior and interpenetrate each other; thus, arising from one another, they are sustained by one another.
यस्मात्प्रविष्टास्ते ऽन्योन्यं तस्मात्ते स्थिरतां गताः आसंस्ते ह्यविशेषाश्च विशेषा अन्यवेशनात्
Because they enter into one another, they attain stability; those without distinction remain, and distinctions arise from mutual interpenetration.
पृथ्व्यादयस्तु वाय्वन्ताः परिच्छिन्नास्तु तत्र ते भूतेभ्यः परतस् तेभ्यो ह्य् अलोकः सर्वतः स्मृतः
Earth and the rest, ending with wind, are bounded there; beyond the elements, everywhere, is remembered as utter darkness.
तथा ह्यालोक आकाशे परिच्छिन्नानि सर्वशः पात्रे महति पात्राणि यथा ह्यन्तर्गतानि च
Likewise, light in space is entirely bounded; as in a large vessel, smaller vessels are contained within.
भवन्त्यन्योन्यहीनानि परस्परसमाश्रयात् तथा ह्यालोक आकाशे भेदास्त्वन्तर्गतागताः
They lack one another, yet rest upon each other; thus, light in space has divisions, some contained within, some outside.
कृतान्येतानि तत्त्वानि अन्योन्यस्याधिकानि च यावदेतानि तत्त्वानि तावदुत्पत्तिरुच्यते
These principles have been made, each superior to the other; as long as these principles exist, so long is creation said to occur.