Those who have crossed over from this world to the next and whose souls are virtuous are called tārakā, for they help others cross as well, and śuklikā, owing to the purity and whiteness of their being. Among all the divine, earthly, and ancestral beings, the sun is so named because it is united with the burning heat of its radiance. The name Savitā arises from the root *sravati*, which means to flow or move, reflecting both the sun’s movement and its flowing brilliance. The root *canda* carries many meanings, but it is foremost in suggesting whiteness, immortality, coolness, and also delight. Within the sky, the luminous orbs of the sun and moon shine forth, composed of water and light, white and beautiful, perfectly round like a pot. These radiant spheres are the abodes where the karmic deities dwell. In every age of Manu, the sages, the sun, the planets, and others reside in these celestial places. These are the houses of the gods, known as divine abodes. The sun entered the solar realm, the moon entered the lunar realm, Venus entered the abode of Venus—a radiant place with sixteen spokes—Jupiter entered his vast realm, and Mars entered his red abode. Saturn entered his own place, and Mercury entered the Mercurial realm; Bhānu and Svarbhānu too entered their respective domains. All the stars and non-stellar bodies took their places, and these shining beings of virtue are known as the houses of the gods. These abodes endure until the dissolution of creation, and in every age of Manu, they are the divine places where the gods dwell again and again, each identified with their own realm. Those who have passed remain among their kind, and those yet to come are with their own. Those who reside within these places continue alongside the present gods. The sun god, Vivasvān, is the eighth son of Aditi. The radiant, righteous moon god is known as Vasu. Venus is recognized as a Daitya, belonging to the Bhārgava lineage, and he is the priest of the Asuras. Jupiter, possessed of great brilliance, is the teacher of the gods and the son of Angiras. Mercury, charming in appearance, is remembered as the son of the moon. Saturn, deformed, is the son of Saṃjñā and Vivasvān. Agni was born from Vikeśī and is the youthful lord of Mars. The daughters of Dakṣa, known by their star names, are remembered in their own celestial fields. Svarbhānu, son of Siṃhikā, is the Asura who brings beings together. Among the moon, sun, planets, and stars, the presiding deities are thus proclaimed, and the places and the deities who dwell within them have been described. The abode of Vivasvat, the thousand-rayed sun, is white and divine, itself unmeasured and made of light. The delightful abode of the directions is situated in the house of the sun’s rays. Śukra, with sixteen rays, is the deity composed of water, and his watery abode is red with nine rays. The great twelve-rayed one of Brahmā is yellowish in color. The eight-rayed abode of Śani is black, aged, and iron-like, while the place of Svarbhānu is also made of iron, a realm of torment for beings. The stars serve as the refuge of the virtuous, their rays golden. They are called stars because they cross the sky and because of their whiteness. The span of the sun is said to be nine thousand yojanas; its disk is three times that in width, just as is the expanse of Bhāskara. The expanse of the moon is twice that of the sun, and its disk is three times as wide as that, owing to its fullness. Above all are set the circles of the stars, each measuring half a yojana, with other groups beyond them. Svarbhānu moves below these, raising up the earthly shadow shaped like a disk. The third, darkness-filled place was created by Brahmā; from the sun, Svarbhānu departs and reaches the moon at their junctions, and from the moon, he returns to the sun at the solar conjunctions. Because he strikes with his own radiance, he is known as Svarbhānu. From the moon, a sixteenth part is allotted to Bhārgava; this is measured from the span and the disk in yojanas. From Bhārgava, one quarter less is known as Bṛhaspati; from Bṛhaspati, both Ketu and Vakra are said to be a quarter less. Budha is a quarter less than those two, based on the span and disk. The forms of stars and constellations are all endowed with form, similar to Budha’s, but each is mutually diminished in size from the span and disk. There are five hundred, four hundred, three hundred, two hundred, and one hundred circles of stars set above all, each measuring half a yojana, with nothing smaller than these. Above them are the planets, both fierce and sattvic. The solar, Angirasa, and retrograde planets are known as slow-moving, and below them are four other great planets. Soma, the Sun, Budha, and Bhārgava are all swift-moving. As many as there are constellations, so too are there countless stars, numbered in crores. Among all the planets, the Sun moves below, creating a vast circle; above him moves the Moon. Above the Moon moves the circle of the constellations; above the constellations moves Budha, and above Budha is Bhārgava. Above Bhārgava is Vakra; above Vakra is Bṛhaspati; and above him stands Śanaiścara, Saturn, who is above the preceptor of the gods. Thus is the order and nature of the divine abodes, their lords, and their wondrous arrangement in the heavens.