In the sacred lands of Śākadvīpa, seven rivers, blessed and bearing the waters of Śiva, flow each year to nourish all the people who dwell there. Alongside these, countless other rivers, streams, and lakes—abundant wherever Indra sends his rains—bring life and sustenance. The names and measurements of these sacred and excellent rivers are so numerous and varied that they cannot be fully enumerated. The people of these regions are always joyful, drinking from these rivers. They are peaceful, fearless, and truly blessed. The seven lands themselves are renowned, filled with happiness, comfort, and security, together with newer regions, all established according to the practices of the four social classes and the four stages of life. Everyone is healthy and strong, free from death; among them, there is neither decline nor increase. The division of ages, as marked by the four yugas elsewhere, does not exist here—time proceeds as it did during the Tretā Yuga. In Śākadvīpa and the other five islands, this order prevails everywhere; the progression of time is regarded as natural, shaped by the region itself. Among these people, there has never been confusion of castes or stages of life, nor any deviation from righteousness. Their happiness is unbroken. There is no illusion, greed, envy, malice, or fear; nature never reverses itself—such is their innate condition. There is no reckoning of time, nor punishment or punisher. Knowing righteousness, they protect one another by fulfilling their own duties. Beyond these lands lies the great circular continent called Kuśa, surrounded by rivers, waters, and mountains that resemble clouds. Kuśa is adorned with all kinds of minerals, decorated with jewels and coral, and with other beautiful, variously shaped, and delightful regions. Everywhere are trees bearing flowers and fruits, always abundant in wealth and grain, ever covered with blossoms and surrounded by precious gems. All around, domestic and wild animals roam. Now, hear briefly and in order about Kuśa. The third continent, Kuśa, is entirely surrounded by the ocean of milk. It is twice the size of the Śāka continent. Here, too, are seven mountains, famed as the sources of jewels. These mountains and rivers bear two names each, just as in Śākadvīpa. The first mountain, shining like the sun, is called Kumuda, also known as Vidrumoccaya. The second mountain, renowned as Unnata, has peaks of all metals and is covered with rocky masses; it is also called Hemaparvata, with peaks of orpiment, encircling the continent. The third mountain is Balāhaka, a peak made of natural collyrium, also named Dyutimān. The fourth is Droṇa, a great mountain where medicinal herbs grow, including Viśalyakaraṇī and Mṛtasaṃjīvanī; this mountain is also called Puṣpavān. The fifth mountain is Kaṅka, full of essence, and also known as Kuśeśaya, earth-bearing and endowed with divine flowers, fruits, and herbs. The sixth mountain is Mahīṣa, resembling a cloud, also called Hari. There dwells Agni, called Mahiṣa, who is the seventh mountain born from water; its summit is Kakudmān. Mandara is the auspicious mountain composed of all elements; 'manda' is the element that reveals what is hidden. Because it splits the waters, it is called Mandara. Here, Indra himself guards many gems, and, with Prajapati, apportioned them to the creatures; among them, the inner support is said to be double. Thus, these seven mountains in Kuśadvīpa are described. Each mountain is associated with its own region: Kumuda’s region is called Śveta; Unnata’s region is likewise named, and also known as Lohita. Veṇumaṇḍalaka is also so named. Balāhaka’s region is Jīmūta, which has its own form. Droṇa’s region is Harika, and again Lavaṇa is remembered. Kaṅka’s region is Kakun, also called Dhṛtimat. Mahiṣa’s region is called Mahiṣa, and again Prabhākara. Kakudmin’s region is renowned as Kapila. Thus, there are seven regions and seven mountains, each distinct. Among these regions, there are seven rivers, each remembered by two names and considered holy waters. Dhūtapāpā is the name of one river, also remembered as Yoni. Sītā is known as the second, and also called Niśā. Pavitrā is the third, with Vitṛṣṇā as another name. The fourth is Hlādinī, also remembered as Candrabhā. Vidyucca is spoken of as the fifth, also recognized as Śuklā. Puṇḍrā is known as the sixth, and again as Vibhāvarī. Thus, the sacred lands, mountains, regions, and rivers of Kuśadvīpa are revealed, each with their own beauty and blessings, nourishing and sustaining all who dwell within.