As the Kali Yuga draws near its end, humanity falls into hardship and confusion. The forest dwellers, their bodies frail and their lives short, survive among rivers and mountains, subsisting on roots, leaves, and fruits. Clad in bark, skins, and animal hides, they endure dreadful calamities and ceaseless suffering, gaining little and facing much adversity. Such is the fate of people in this twilight of the age—they perish alongside the passing of Kali Yuga. Yet when the Kali Yuga concludes, the Krita Yuga, the age of virtue, returns once more, marking the proper cycle of the activities of gods and asuras. In connection with the Yadu lineage, the glory of Vishnu has been recounted. Now, let us turn to the descendants of Turvasu, as well as those of Puru, Druhyu, and Anu. Turvasu’s son was Garbha, whose son was Gobhanu. Gobhanu’s son was the mighty, undefeated Trisari. Trisari’s son was Karandhama, and Karandhama’s son was Bharata. Duṣyanta, belonging to the Paurava line, was Bharata’s descendant, and his son was Akalmaṣa. In ancient times, due to Yayati’s curse and the transmission of old age, Turvasu entered the Paurava lineage. Duṣyanta’s heir was King Varūtha; Varūtha’s son was Aṇḍīra, whose son was Saṃdhāna. Among Saṃdhāna’s descendants were Pāṇḍya, Kerala, Cola, and Karṇa. Their peoples flourished as the Pāṇḍyas, Colas, and those of Kerala. Druhya had two valiant sons: Setu and Ketu. Setu’s son was Sharadvān, whose own son was Gandhāra. The land of Gandhāra is renowned by his name, and the horses bred in the region of Āraṭṭa are celebrated as the finest. Gandhāra’s son was Dharma, and Dharma’s son was Ghṛta. Ghṛta fathered the wise Pracetā, who himself had a son. Pracetā was blessed with a hundred sons, all kings, who ruled foreign lands and settled in the northern regions. Anu, too, had three heroic and supremely righteous sons: Sabhānara, Kākṣuṣa, and Parameṣu. Sabhānara’s son was the learned King Kolāhala, whose virtuous son was the renowned Saṃjaya. Saṃjaya’s son was the valiant Puraṃjaya, and Puraṃjaya’s son was the great King Janamejaya. Janamejaya, a royal sage, had a son named Mahāśāla, a king equal to Indra, whose fame was firmly established. Mahāśāla’s righteous son was Mahāmanā, born as emperor and lord of the seven continents. Mahāmanā fathered two renowned sons: Uśīnara, who knew righteousness, and Titikṣu, both eminent. Uśīnara had five wives, descended from royal sages: Bhṛśā, Kṛśā, Navā, Darśā, and the noble Dṛṣadvatī. From these wives were born Uśīnara’s distinguished sons, virtuous and venerable through great austerity. Bhṛśā’s son was Nṛga; Navā’s son was Nava; Kṛśā’s son was Kṛśa; Darśā’s son was Suvrata; and Dṛṣadvatī’s son was Śibi, the king of the Uśīnaras. Śibi had four sons, famed throughout the world: Pṛthudarbha, Suvīra, Kekaya, and Bhadraka. Their realms flourished: the Kekayas, Bhadrakas, Sauvīras, and Pauras. The Kekayas were descendants of Nṛga. Suvrata’s descendants were the Ambaṣṭhas; Kṛśa’s were the Vṛṣalas of the city; Nava’s were the Navarāṣṭras. Now, let us hear of Titikṣu’s progeny. Titikṣu became a renowned king in the eastern direction. His son was Bṛhadratha, whose own son was Sena. Sena’s son was Sutapā, and Sutapā’s son was Bali, who was born in human form when the lineage had dwindled, fulfilling the wish for progeny. Bali, a great yogin, though bound in fetters, by his mighty soul produced five sons from his own body, all of royal lineage: Anga, Vanga, Suhma, Pundra, and Kalinga. The land called Baleya is named after him, and its Brahmins are known as his descendants. To Bali, the wise, Brahma, pleased with his devotion, granted the boon of supreme yogic power and a lifespan equal to a kalpa. Bali was also granted invincibility in battle, the highest wisdom in righteousness, vision of the three times, and preeminence in progeny. He received unmatched victory in war, insight into the true meaning of dharma, and the authority to establish the four fixed social orders. The five heirs—Vangas, Angas, Suhmas, Pundras, and Kalingas—were his descendants. Now, let us hear about Anga in particular. How were the five sons of the great-souled Bali born? What was the name of his queen, and which sage was their progenitor? How were they produced by him? Tell us, we ask you—relate fully their greatness and power. Once there was a renowned sage named Ushija, whose wife was Mamata, a woman of great virtue. The younger Ushija, desiring his brother’s wife, was approached by the mighty Brihaspati, who, moved by desire, came to Mamata. Mamata, of excellent complexion, said to him, her brother-in-law, “I am pregnant by your elder brother; restrain yourself.” She added, “O blessed one, this child in my womb, son of Ushija, recites the Veda with its limbs and may be angered, Brihaspati.