Linga Purana

आदित्यात्तच्च निष्क्रम्य समं गच्छति पर्वसु आदित्यमेति सोमाच्च पुनः सौरेषु पर्वसु

Emerging from the sun, it moves equally during the lunar phases; it reaches the sun from the moon, and again, during the lunar phases, it goes to the solar ones.

स्वर्भानुं नुदते यस्मात् तस्मात्स्वर्भानुरुच्यते चन्द्रस्य षोडशो भागो भार्गवस्य विधीयते

Because it pushes Svarbhanu, therefore it is called Svarbhanu; the sixteenth part of the moon is assigned to Bhargava.

विष्कंभान्मण्डलाच्चैव योजनाग्रात्प्रमाणतः भार्गवात्पादहीनस्तु विज्ञेयो वै बृहस्पतिः

From the supports and from the circles, measured from the tip of a yojana, the one lacking a quarter from Bhargava is to be known as Brihaspati.

बृहस्पतेः पादहीनौ वक्रसौरी उभौ स्मृतौ विस्तारान्मण्डलाच्चैव पादहीनस्तयोर्बुधः

Both Vakra and Sauri are remembered as lacking a quarter from Brihaspati; from the extent and from the circles, Budha is lacking a quarter from those two.

तारानक्षत्ररूपाणि वपुष्मन्तीह यानि वै बुधेन तानि तुल्यानि विस्तारान्मण्डलाच्च वै

The forms of stars and constellations here, which are radiant, are equal to Budha in extent and in circles.

प्रायशश्चन्द्रयोगीनि विद्यादृक्षाणि तत्त्ववित् तारानक्षत्ररूपाणि हीनानि तु परस्परम्

One who knows reality should understand that most of the stars are joined with the moon; the forms of stars and constellations are mutually deficient.

शतानि पञ्च चत्वारि त्रीणि द्वे चैव योजने सर्वोपरि निकृष्टानि तारकामण्डलानि तु

Four hundred, three hundred, two hundred yojanas—these are the lowest of all, the circles of stars.

योजनान्यर्धमात्राणि तेभ्यो ह्रस्वं न विद्यते उपरिष्टात्त्रयस्तेषां ग्रहास्ते दूरसर्पिणः

There is no measure less than half a yojana among them; above them are three planets, moving at a great distance.

सौरो ऽङ्गिराश् च वक्रश् च ज्ञेया मन्दविचारिणः पूर्वमेव समाख्याता गतिस्तेषां यथाक्रमम्

Sauri, Angiras, and Vakra are to be known as slow-moving; their motions have already been described in order.

एतेष्वेव ग्रहाः सर्वे नक्षत्रेषु समुत्थिताः विवस्वानदितेः पुत्रः सूर्यो वै मुनिसत्तमाः

All these planets arise among these very constellations; the sun, O best of sages, is the son of Vivasvan and Aditi.

विशाखासु समुत्पन्नो ग्रहाणां प्रथमो ग्रहः त्विषिमान् धर्मपुत्रस्तु सोमो देवो वसुस्तु सः

Born in Vishakha, the first among planets is the radiant one, the son of Dharma; Soma, the god, is Vasu.

शीतरश्मिः समुत्पन्नः कृत्तिकासु निशाकरः षोडशार्चिर्भृगोः पुत्रः शुक्रः सूर्यादनन्तरम्

The cool-rayed one, the maker of night, was born in Krittika; the sixteen-rayed son of Bhrigu, Shukra, comes after the sun.

ताराग्रहाणां प्रवरस् तिष्ये क्षेत्रे समुत्थितः ग्रहश्चाङ्गिरसः पुत्रो द्वादशार्चिर्बृहस्पतिः

The foremost of the star-planets arose in the field of Tishya; the planet Brihaspati, son of Angiras, with twelve rays, was born.

फाल्गुनीषु समुत्पन्नः पूर्वाख्यासु जगद्गुरुः नवार्चिर्लोहिताङ्गश् च प्रजापतिसुतो ग्रहः

Born in the Purva Phalguni, the teacher of the world, the planet, son of Prajapati, with nine rays and a red body, arose.

आषाढास्विह पूर्वासु समुत्पन्न इति स्मृतः रेवतीष्वेव सप्तार्चिःस्थाने सौरिः शनैश्चरः

It is remembered that in the Purvashadha, the planet was born; in Revati, in the place of seven rays, Sauri, Shanaishcara, was established.

सौम्यो बुधो धनिष्ठासु पञ्चार्चिर् उदितो ग्रहः तमोमयो मृत्युसुतः प्रजाक्षयकरः शिखी

Saumya, Budha, arose in Dhanishtha, the planet with five rays; the dark one, son of Death, the destroyer of beings, Shikhi, was born.

आश्लेषासु समुत्पन्नः सर्वहारी महाग्रहः तथा स्वनामधेयेषु दाक्षायण्यः समुत्थिताः

The great planet, the all-consuming one, was born in Ashlesha; likewise, the daughters of Daksha arose in their own named stars.

तमोवीर्यमयो राहुः प्रकृत्या कृष्णमण्डलः भरणीषु समुत्पन्नो ग्रहश्चन्द्रार्कमर्दनः

Rahu, composed of the essence of darkness, is by nature a black disc; he was born in Bharani and is the planet that afflicts the moon and the sun.

एते तारा ग्रहाश्चापि बोद्धव्या भार्गवादयः जन्मनक्षत्रपीडासु यान्ति वैगुण्यतां यतः

These stars and planets, beginning with Bhargava and others, should be understood, for in the afflictions of birth constellations, they become inauspicious.

मुच्यते तेन दोषेण ततस्तद्ग्रहभक्तितः सर्वग्रहाणामेतेषाम् आदिरादित्य उच्यते

By devotion to that planet, one is freed from that fault; among all these planets, the sun is said to be the first.

ताराग्रहाणां शुक्रस्तु केतूनां चापि धूमवान् ध्रुवः किल ग्रहाणां तु विभक्तानां चतुर्दिशम्

Among stars and planets, Venus is foremost; among comets, Dhumavan; and Dhruva is indeed the foremost among the planets stationed in the four directions.

नक्षत्राणां श्रविष्ठा स्याद् अयनानां तथोत्तरम् वर्षाणां चैव पञ्चानाम् आद्यः संवत्सरः स्मृतः

Among the constellations, Sravishtha is foremost; among the solstices, the northern; among the five years, the first is called the year.

ऋतूनां शिशिरश्चापि मासानां माघ उच्यते पक्षाणां शुक्लपक्षस्तु तिथीनां प्रतिपत्तथा

Among the seasons, Shishira is foremost; among the months, Magha is said to be so; among the lunar fortnights, the bright fortnight; and among the lunar days, Pratipat likewise.

अहोरात्रविभागानाम् अहश्चादिः प्रकीर्तितः मुहूर्तानां तथैवादिर् मुहूर्तो रुद्रदैवतः

Among the divisions of day and night, day is declared the beginning; likewise, among the muhurtas, the first muhurta is dedicated to Rudra.

क्षणश्चापि निमेषादिः कालः कालविदां वराः श्रवणान्तं धनिष्ठादि युगं स्यात्पञ्चवार्षिकम्

Among moments, the nimeṣa is the beginning; O best of those who know time, the yuga from the end of Shravaṇa to the beginning of Dhanishtha is said to be five years.

भानोर्गतिविशेषेण चक्रवत्परिवर्तते दिवाकरः स्मृतस्तस्मात् कालकृद्विभुरीश्वरः

By the special movement of the sun, the day-maker revolves like a wheel; therefore, he is remembered as the lord who creates time.

चतुर्विधानां भूतानां प्रवर्तकनिवर्तकः तस्यापि भगवान् रुद्रः साक्षाद्देवः प्रवर्तकः

He is the initiator and withdrawer of the four kinds of beings; and even for him, the blessed Rudra is directly the initiator, O god.

इत्येष ज्योतिषामेवं संनिवेशो ऽर्थनिश्चयः लोकसंव्यवहारार्थं महादेवेन निर्मितः

Thus, this arrangement of the luminaries and the determination of their meaning was established by Mahadeva for the sake of worldly dealings.

बुद्धिपूर्वं भगवता कल्पादौ सम्प्रवर्तितः स आश्रयो ऽभिमानी च सर्वस्य ज्योतिरात्मकः

At the beginning of the kalpa, this was set in motion by the Blessed One with forethought; he is the support, the presiding lord, and the essence of all luminaries.