Linga Purana

यथा प्रभाकरो दीपो गृहमध्ये ऽवलम्बितः पार्श्वत ऊर्ध्वम् अधश्चैव तमो नाशयते समम्

Just as a shining lamp, hanging in the middle of a house, destroys darkness equally on all sides, above, and below—

तद्वत्सहस्रकिरणो ग्रहराजो जगत्प्रभुः सूर्यो गोभिर् जगत् सर्वम् आदीपयति सर्वतः

So too, the sun, lord of planets, master of the world, with a thousand rays, illuminates the whole world in every direction with his beams.

रवे रश्मिसहस्रं यत् प्राङ्मया समुदाहृतम् तेषां श्रेष्ठाः पुनः सप्त रश्मयो ग्रहयोनयः

Of the thousand rays of the sun that I have previously described, seven are the best among them—these are the sources of the planets.

सुषुम्नो हरिकेशश् च विश्वकर्मा तथैव च विश्वव्यचाः पुनश्चाद्यः संनद्धश् च ततः परः

Suṣumna, Harikeśa, Viśvakarman, likewise Viśvavyacā, then Ādya and Saṃnaddha, and after them Para—

सर्वावसुः पुनश्चान्यः स्वराडन्यः प्रकीर्तितः सुषुम्नः सूर्यरश्मिस्तु दक्षिणां राशिम् ऐधयत्

Sarvāvasu is another, and Svarāṭ is also named; Suṣumna, the sun's ray, kindled the southern sign.

न्यगूर्ध्वाधः प्रचारो ऽस्य सुषुम्नः परिकीर्तितः हरिकेशः पुरस्ताद् यो ऋक्षयोनिः प्रकीर्त्यते

Suṣumna is said to move downward, upward, and below; Harikeśa, who is in front, is called the source of the stars.

दक्षिणे विश्वकर्मा च रश्मिर्वर्धयते बुधम् विश्वव्यचास्तु यः पश्चाच् छुक्रयोनिः स्मृतो बुधैः

Viśvakarman, on the right, increases the ray for Mercury; Viśvavyacā, who is behind, is remembered by the wise as the source of Venus.

संनद्धश् च तु यो रश्मिः स योनिर् लोहितस्य तु षष्ठः सर्वावसू रश्मिः स योनिस्तु बृहस्पतेः

Saṃnaddha is the ray whose source is Mars; the sixth, Sarvāvasu, is the ray whose source is Jupiter.

शनैश्चरं पुनश् चापि रश्मिर् आप्यायते स्वराट् एवं सूर्यप्रभावेन नक्षत्रग्रहतारकाः

Again, the ray nourishes Saturn, called Śanaiścara; thus, by the sun's radiance, the stars, planets, and constellations shine.

दृश्यन्ते दिवि ताः सर्वाः विश्वं चेदं पुनर्जगत् न क्षीयन्ते यतस्तानि तस्मान्नक्षत्रता स्मृता

All these are seen in the sky, and this entire universe as well; since they do not perish, they are therefore called stars.

क्षेत्राण्येतानि सर्वाणि आतपन्ति गभस्तिभिः तेषां क्षेत्राण्यथादत्ते सूर्यो नक्षत्रतारकाः

All these fields shine with their rays; the sun receives from them the stars and constellations.

चीर्णेन सुकृतेनेह सुकृतान्ते ग्रहाश्रयाः तारणात्तारका ह्येताः शुक्लत्वाच्चैव तारकाः

Through virtuous acts performed here, at the end of good deeds, they resort to the planets; because they cross over, they are called stars, and because of their whiteness, they are also called stars.

दिव्यानां पार्थिवानां च नैशानां चैव सर्वशः आदानान्नित्यमादित्यस् तेजसां तमसामपि

Of the divine, earthly, and nocturnal ones, all without exception, the sun always takes their radiance, even of the dark ones.

सवने स्यन्दने ऽर्थे च धातुर् एष विभाष्यते सवनात्तेजसो ऽपां च तेनासौ सविता मतः

For the purpose of sacrifice and movement, this element is described; because he draws forth the radiance of the waters, he is therefore called Savitṛ.

बहुलश्चन्द्र इत्येष ह्लादने धातुरुच्यते शुक्लत्वे चामृतत्वे च शीतत्वे च विभाव्यते

The full moon is called the element of delight; it is perceived in whiteness, immortality, and coolness.

सूर्याचन्द्रमसोर्दिव्ये मण्डले भास्वरे खगे जलतेजोमये शुक्ले वृत्तकुंभनिभे शुभे

In the shining, radiant, celestial orbits of the sun and moon, which are luminous, watery, and bright, round and like a good pot, auspicious—

घनतोयात्मकं तत्र मण्डलं शशिनः स्मृतम् घनतेजोमयं शुक्लं मण्डलं भास्करस्य तु

There, the moon's orb is said to be of the nature of condensed water; the sun's orb, however, is bright, full of condensed light, and white.

वसन्ति सर्वदेवाश् च स्थानान्येतानि सर्वशः मन्वन्तरेषु सर्वेषु ऋक्षसूर्यग्रहाश्रयाः

All the gods dwell in these places; in every Manvantara, they all depend on the stars, the sun, and the planets.

तेन ग्रहा गृहाण्येव तदाख्यास्ते भवन्ति च सौरं सूर्यो ऽविशत्स्थानं सौम्यं सोमस्तथैव च

Therefore, the planets are indeed called houses; the sun entered the solar abode, and the moon likewise entered the lunar abode.

शौक्रं शुक्रो ऽविशत्स्थानं षोडशार्चिः प्रतापवान् बृहद् बृहस्पतिश्चैव लोहितश्चैव लोहितम्

Venus entered the abode of Venus, shining with sixteen rays; Jupiter, the great one, entered the abode of Jupiter, and Mars entered the abode of Mars.

शनैश्चरं तथा स्थानं देवश्चापि शनैश्चरः बौधं बुधस्तु स्वर्भानुः स्वर्भानुस्थानमाश्रितः

Saturn likewise entered the abode of Saturn, and the god Saturn as well; Mercury entered the abode of Mercury, and Rāhu entered the abode of Rāhu.

नक्षत्राणि च सर्वाणि नक्षत्राणि विशन्ति च गृहाण्येतानि सर्वाणि ज्योतींषि सुकृतात्मनाम्

All the stars, indeed, enter into the constellations; all these planets and luminaries belong to those of virtuous soul.

कल्पादौ सम्प्रवृत्तानि निर्मितानि स्वयंभुवा स्थानान्येतानि तिष्ठन्ति यावद् आभूतसंप्लवम्

At the beginning of the kalpa, these were set in motion, created by the Self-born; these positions remain until the cosmic dissolution.

मन्वन्तरेषु सर्वेषु देवस्थानानि तानि वै अभिमानिनो ऽवतिष्ठन्ते देवाः स्थानं पुनः पुनः

In all the manvantaras, these are the abodes of the gods; the deities, full of self-regard, repeatedly occupy these places.

अतीतैस्तु सहैतानि भाव्याभाव्यैः सुरैः सह वर्तन्ते वर्तमानैश् च स्थानिभिस्तैः सुरैः सह

Together with those who have passed, and with those gods who are yet to come or not to come, and with those currently existing, these abodes persist along with those stationed gods.

अस्मिन्मन्वन्तरे चैव ग्रहा वैमानिकाः स्मृताः विवस्वानदितेः पुत्रः सूर्यो वैवस्वते ऽन्तरे

In this manvantara, the planets are called celestial; the Sun, son of Vivasvat and Aditi, is known in the Vaivasvata manvantara.

द्युतिमानृषिपुत्रस्तु सोमो देवो वसुः स्मृतः शुक्रो देवस्तु विज्ञेयो भार्गवो ऽसुरयाजकः

The radiant Soma, son of a sage, is called a god and a Vasu; Śukra, the deity, is to be known as the Bhārgava, worshipper of the Asuras.

बृहत्तेजाः स्मृतो देवो देवाचार्यो ऽङ्गिरःसुतः बुधो मनोहरश्चैव ऋषिपुत्रस्तु स स्मृतः

The god of great brilliance, teacher of the gods, son of Aṅgiras, is called Bṛhaspati; Budha, charming and delightful, is remembered as the son of a sage.

शनैश्चरो विरूपस्तु संज्ञापुत्रो विवस्वतः अग्निर्विकेश्यां जज्ञे तु युवासौ लोहितार्चिषः

Śanaiścara, of strange form, is the son of Saṃjñā and Vivasvat; Agni was born from Vikeśī, and the youthful one has red flames.