Linga Purana

नक्षत्रसूर्याश् च तथा ग्रहतारागणैः सह उन्मुखाभिमुखाः सर्वे चक्रभूताः श्रिता दिवि

The lunar mansions and the sun, together with the groups of planets and stars, all face toward and away, forming a wheel established in the sky.

ध्रुवेणाधिष्ठिताश्चैव ध्रुवमेव प्रदक्षिणम् प्रयान्ति चेश्वरं द्रष्टुं मेढीभूतं ध्रुवं दिवि

Established by the pole star, they all move clockwise around the pole star, to behold the lord, the pole star, fixed in the sky.

नवयोजनसाहस्रो विष्कम्भः सवितुः स्मृतः त्रिगुणस्तस्य विस्तारो मण्डलस्य प्रमाणतः

The diameter of the sun's orb is said to be nine thousand yojanas; its circumference is three times that, according to measurement.

द्विगुणः सूर्यविस्ताराद् विस्तारः शशिनः स्मृतः तुल्यस्तयोस्तु स्वर्भानुर् भूत्वाधस्तात्प्रसर्पति

The extent of the moon is said to be twice that of the sun; and Svarbhanu is equal to both, moving below.

उद्धृत्य पृथिवीछायां निर्मितां मण्डलाकृतिम् स्वर्भानोस्तु बृहत्स्थानं तृतीयं यत् तमोमयम्

Having taken the shadow of the earth, shaped like a circle, the great place of Svarbhanu is the third, which is made of darkness.

चन्द्रस्य षोडशो भागो भार्गवस्य विधीयते विष्कम्भान्मण्डलाच्चैव योजनाच्च प्रमाणतः

A sixteenth part of the Moon is assigned to Venus, according to the measure of their diameters, circles, and distances.

भार्गवात्पादहीनस्तु विज्ञेयो वै बृहस्पतिः पादहीनौ वक्रसौरी तथायामप्रमाणतः

Know that Jupiter is less by a quarter than Venus; similarly, Mars and Saturn are also less by a quarter, and their measures are not equal.

विस्तारान्मण्डलाच्चैव पादहीनस्तयोर्बुधः तारानक्षत्ररूपाणि वपुष्मन्तीह यानि वै

Mercury is less by a quarter in both diameter and circle compared to Mars and Saturn; all the shining forms here, such as stars and constellations,

बुधेन तानि तुल्यानि विस्तारान्मण्डलादपि प्रायशश्चन्द्रयोगीनि विद्यादृक्षाणि तत्त्ववित्

are equal to Mercury in diameter and circle; and the wise know that the stars associated with the Moon are generally of this kind.

तारानक्षत्ररूपाणि हीनानि तु परस्परम् शतानि पञ्च चत्वारि त्रीणि द्वे चैव योजने

The forms of stars and constellations are mutually less by five hundred, four hundred, three hundred, and two hundred yojanas.

सर्वोपरि निकृष्टानि तारकामण्डलानि तु योजनद्वयमात्राणि तेभ्यो ह्रस्वं न विद्यते

Above all are the lesser circles of stars, each measuring two yojanas; nothing is found smaller than these.

उपरिष्टात्त्रयस्तेषां ग्रहा ये दूरसर्पिणः सौरो ऽङ्गिराश् च वक्रश् च ज्ञेया मन्दविचारिणः

Above them are three planets, which move far: Saturn, Mars, and the retrograde planet, known as the slow-moving ones.

तेभ्यो ऽधस्तात्तु चत्वारः पुनरन्ये महाग्रहाः सूर्यः सोमो बुधश्चैव भार्गवश्चैव शीघ्रगाः

Below them are four other great planets: the Sun, the Moon, Mercury, and Venus, all moving swiftly.

तावन्त्यस्तारकाः कोट्यो यावन्त्यृक्षाणि सर्वशः ध्रुवात् तु नियमाच्चैषाम् ऋक्षमार्गे व्यवस्थितिः

The number of stars is as many crores as there are constellations in all; their positions are fixed on the path of the constellations, according to the rule from the Pole Star.

सप्ताश्वस्यैव सूर्यस्य नीचोच्चत्वमनुक्रमात् उत्तरायणमार्गस्थो यदा पर्वसु चन्द्रमाः

The Sun, drawn by seven horses, rises and sets in order; when the Moon is on the northern path at the junctions,

उच्चत्वाद्दृश्यते शीघ्रं नातिव्यक्तैर्गभस्तिभिः तदा दक्षिणमार्गस्थो नीचां वीथिमुपाश्रितः

because of its height, it appears swiftly, not with very distinct rays; then, being on the southern path, it follows a lower course.

भूमिरेखावृतः सूर्यः पौर्णिमावास्ययोस् तदा ददृशे च यथाकालं शीघ्रमस्तमुपैति च

The Sun, encircled by the earth, is seen at the full and new moons; at the proper time, it quickly sets as well.

तस्मादुत्तरमार्गस्थो ह्य् अमावास्यां निशाकरः ददृशे दक्षिणे मार्गे नियमाद्दृश्यते न च

Therefore, when the Moon is on the northern path at new moon, it is seen; on the southern path, by rule, it is not seen.

ज्योतिषां गतियोगेन सूर्यस्य तमसा वृतः समानकालास्तमयौ विषुवत्सु समोदयौ

By the conjunction of the movements of the luminaries, the Sun is covered by darkness; at the equinoxes, sunrise and sunset occur at the same time.

उत्तरासु च वीथीषु व्यन्तरास्तमनोदयौ पौर्णिमावास्ययोर् ज्ञेयौ ज्योतिश्चक्रानुवर्तिनौ

In the northern courses, sunrise and sunset are intermediate; at full and new moons, they should be known to follow the wheel of light.

दक्षिणायनमार्गस्थो यदा चरति रश्मिवान् ग्रहाणां चैव सर्वेषां सूर्यो ऽधस्तात् प्रसर्पति

When the radiant Sun moves on the southern path, it passes below all the planets.

विस्तीर्णं मण्डलं कृत्वा तस्योर्ध्वं चरते शशी नक्षत्रमण्डलं कृत्स्नं सोमादूर्ध्वं प्रसर्पति

Having made a wide circle, the Moon moves above it; the entire circle of constellations moves above the Moon.

नक्षत्रेभ्यो बुधश्चोर्ध्वं बुधादूर्ध्वं तु भार्गवः वक्रस्तु भार्गवादूर्ध्वं वक्राद् ऊर्ध्वं बृहस्पतिः

Above the constellations is Mercury; above Mercury is Venus; above Venus is Mars; above Mars is Jupiter.

तस्माच्छनैश्चरश्चोर्ध्वं तस्मात्सप्तर्षिमण्डलम् ऋषीणां चैव सप्तानां ध्रुवस्योर्ध्वं व्यवस्थितिः

Therefore, above the slow-moving planets is the region of the Seven Sages, and above the seven sages is the fixed position of Dhruva.

तं विष्णुलोकं परमं ज्ञात्वा मुच्येत किल्बिषात् द्विगुणेषु सहस्रेषु योजनानां शतेषु च

Knowing that supreme realm of Vishnu, one is freed from sin; it is at a distance of two thousand and one hundred yojanas.

ग्रहनक्षत्रतारासु उपरिष्टाद्यथाक्रमम् ग्रहाश् च चन्द्रसूर्यौ च युतौ दिव्येन तेजसा

Above the planets, stars, and constellations, in due order, are the planets, and the Moon and Sun, both endowed with divine brilliance.

नित्यमृक्षेषु युज्यन्ते गच्छन्तो ऽहर्निशं क्रमात् ग्रहनक्षत्रसूर्यास् ते नीचोच्चऋजुसंस्थिताः

They are always joined to the constellations, moving day and night in sequence; the planets, stars, and Sun are situated in low, high, and straight positions.

समागमे च भेदे च पश्यन्ति युगपत्प्रजाः ऋतवः षट् स्मृताः सर्वे समागच्छन्ति पञ्चधा

At their conjunction and separation, people witness them simultaneously; all six seasons are said to come together in fivefold ways.

परस्परास्थिता ह्येते युज्यन्ते च परस्परम् असंकरेण विज्ञेयस् तेषां योगस्तु वै बुधैः

These are mutually established and unite with each other; their conjunctions are to be understood by the wise as occurring without confusion.