दक्षिणप्रक्रमे भानुः क्षिप्तेषुरिव धावति ज्योतिषां चक्रमादाय सततं परिगच्छति
When the sun begins its southern journey, it moves swiftly like a released arrow, taking up the wheel of the luminaries and continually traversing it.
पुरान्तगो यदा भानुः शक्रस्य भवति प्रभुः सर्वैः सायमनैः सौरो ह्य् उदयो दृश्यते द्विजाः
When the sun enters the city of Purānta, it becomes the lord of Śakra; at that time, all the evening planets are seen, and the solar rise is observed, O twice-born.
स एव सुखवत्यां तु निशान्तस्थः प्रदृश्यते अस्तमेति पुनः सूर्यो विभायां विश्वदृग् विभुः
That very sun, situated in Sukhavati at the end of night, is seen to set again in Vibha, the universal lord, at dawn.
मया प्रोक्तो ऽमरावत्यां यथासौ वारितस्करः तथा संयमनीं प्राप्य सुखां चैव विभां खगः
As I have described in Amaravati, the sun acts as the remover of darkness; likewise, upon reaching Samyamani, Sukha, and Vibha, the bird (sun) proceeds.
यदापराह्णस्त्वाग्नेय्यां पूर्वाह्णो नैरृते द्विजाः तदा त्वपररात्रश् च वायुभागे सुदारुणः
When it is afternoon in Agneya, and morning in Nairṛta, O twice-born, then it is late night in the region of Vayu, which is exceedingly harsh.
ईशान्यां पूर्वरात्रस्तु गतिरेषा च सर्वतः एवं पुष्करमध्ये तु यदा सर्पति वारिपः
In Īśānya, it is early night, and this is the course everywhere; thus, when the sun moves through the center of Puṣkara, listen to its path.
त्रिंशांशकं तु मेदिन्यां मुहूर्तेनैव गच्छति योजनानां मुहूर्तस्य इमां संख्यां निबोधत
The sun traverses thirty degrees of the earth in a single muhūrta; now, listen to the number of yojanas covered in a muhūrta.
पूर्णा शतसहस्राणाम् एकत्रिंशत्तु सा स्मृता पञ्चाशच्च तथान्यानि सहस्राण्यधिकानि तु
It is remembered as thirty-one full hundred-thousands, and fifty thousand more are added to that.
मौहूर्तिकी गतिर्ह्येषा भास्करस्य महात्मनः एतेन गतियोगेन यदा काष्ठां तु दक्षिणाम्
This is the muhūrta-based movement of the great-souled Bhāskara; by this measure, when it reaches the southern region,
पर्यपृच्छेत् पतङ्गो ऽपि सौम्याशां चोत्तरे ऽहनि मध्ये तु पुष्करस्याथ भ्रमते दक्षिणायने
Even the sun, having reached the southern region, questions the Saumya direction on the northern day; in the middle of Puṣkara, it wanders during the southern solstice.
मानसोत्तरशैले तु महातेजा विभावसुः मण्डलानां शतं पूर्णं तदशीत्यधिकं विभुः
On the northern mountain of the mind, the radiant sun, the lord, traverses a full hundred circles, and eighty more, O mighty one.
बाह्यं चाभ्यन्तरं प्रोक्तम् उत्तरायणदक्षिणे प्रत्यहं चरते तानि सूर्यो वै मण्डलानि तु
The outer and inner paths are described for the northern and southern solstices; every day, the sun moves through those circles.
कुलालचक्रपर्यन्तो यथा शीघ्रं प्रवर्तते दक्षिणप्रक्रमे देवस् तथा शीघ्रं प्रवर्तते
Just as a potter's wheel spins swiftly, so too does the sun move rapidly in its southern course.
तस्मात्प्रकृष्टां भूमिं तु कालेनाल्पेन गच्छति सूर्यो द्वादशभिः शीघ्रं मुहूर्तैर्दक्षिणायने
Therefore, the sun traverses the vast earth in a short time, moving swiftly through twelve muhūrtas during the southern solstice.
त्रयोदशार्धमृक्षाणाम् अह्ना तु चरते रविः मुहूर्तैस्तावदृक्षाणि नक्तमष्टादशैश्चरन्
The sun traverses thirteen and a half constellations during the day, moving through those constellations in as many muhūrtas, and at night, he travels through eighteen in the same way.
कुलालचक्रमध्यं तु यथा मन्दं प्रसर्पति तथोदगयने सूर्यः सर्पते मन्दविक्रमः
Just as the center of a potter’s wheel moves slowly, so too does the sun move with slow progress during the northern course.
तस्माद्दीर्घेण कालेन भूमिमल्पां तु गच्छति स रथो धिष्ठितो भानोर् आदित्यैर्मुनिभिस् तथा
Therefore, in that lengthy period, the chariot of the sun, established by the Adityas and sages, covers only a small portion of the earth.
गन्धर्वैरप्सरोभिश् च ग्रामणीसर्पराक्षसैः प्रदीपयन् सहस्रांशुर् अग्रतः पृष्ठतो ऽप्यधः
Illuminating all, the thousand-rayed sun is accompanied in front, behind, and below by Gandharvas, Apsaras, chiefs of serpents, and Rākṣasas.
ऊर्ध्वतश् च करं त्यक्त्वा सभां ब्राह्मीमनुत्तमाम् अंभोभिर् मुनिभिस्त्यक्तैः संध्यायां तु निशाचरान्
Having withdrawn his ray above, he enters the supreme Brāhmī assembly, and at twilight, with waters abandoned by the sages, he confronts the night-dwellers.
हत्वा हत्वा तु सम्प्राप्तान् ब्राह्मणैश्चरते रविः अष्टादश मुहूर्तं तु उत्तरायणपश्चिमम्
Having slain those who approach, the sun moves on with the Brāhmaṇas, traversing eighteen muhūrtas in the latter part of the northern course.
अहर्भवति तच्चापि चरते मन्दविक्रमः त्रयोदशार्धम् ऋक्षाणि नक्तं द्वादशभी रविः मुहूर्तैस् तावद् ऋक्षाणि दिवाष्टादशभिश्चरन्
Thus, the day is formed, and he moves with slow progress; during the night, the sun passes through twelve and a half constellations in as many muhūrtas, and during the day, he traverses eighteen.
ततो मन्दतरं नाभ्यां चक्रं भ्रमति वै यथा मृत्पिण्ड इव मध्यस्थो ध्रुवो भ्रमति वै तथा
Then, the wheel turns even more slowly at the navel, just as the fixed pole in the center causes the mass of clay to revolve.
त्रिंशन्मुहूर्तैर् एवाहुर् अहोरात्रं पुराविदः उभयोः काष्ठयोर्मध्ये भ्रमतो मण्डलानि तु
Those who know the ancient ways say that a day and night consist of thirty muhūrtas, as the circles revolve between the two extremities.
कुलालचक्रनाभिस्तु यथा तत्रैव वर्तते औत्तानपादो भ्रमति ग्रहैः सार्धं ग्रहाग्रणीः
Just as the hub of a potter’s wheel remains at the center, so too does Uttānapāda revolve with the planets, being the chief among them.
गणो मुनिज्योतिषां तु मनसा तस्य सर्पति अधिष्ठितः पुनस्तेन भानुस्त्वादाय तिष्ठति
The group of sages who are masters of astronomy say that his mind moves along with them; established by him, the sun stands, having taken up his position.
किरणैः सर्वतस्तोयं देवो वै ससमीरणः औत्तानपादस्य सदा ध्रुवत्वं वै प्रसादतः
With his rays, the god, along with the wind, draws up water from everywhere; by the grace of Uttānapāda, his constancy is ever maintained.
विष्णोरौत्तानपादेन चाप्तं तातस्य हेतुना आपः पीतास्तु सूर्येण क्रमन्ते शशिनः क्रमात्
By Viṣṇu’s Uttānapāda, and for the sake of the Father, the waters are drawn up by the sun, and then they proceed gradually to the moon.
निशाकरान्निस्रवन्ते जीमूतान्प्रत्यपः क्रमात् वृन्दं जलमुचां चैव श्वसनेनाभिताडितम्
From the moon, they flow down in succession to the clouds, and the host of water-bearers, struck by the wind, release their waters.
क्ष्मायां सृष्टिं विसृजते ऽभासयत्तेन भास्करः तोयस्य नास्ति वै नाशः तदैव परिवर्तते
The sun, shining with that, sends forth creation upon the earth; there is no destruction of water, for it is ever revolving.
हिताय सर्वजन्तूनां गतिः शर्वेण निर्मिता भूर्भुवः स्वस् तथा ह्यापो ह्य् अन्नं चामृतमेव च
For the welfare of all beings, this cycle was established by Śarva: earth, atmosphere, heaven, waters, food, and indeed immortality.