उभयत्र दशाहानि कुलस्यान्नं विवर्जियेत् । दानं प्रतिग्रहो होमः स्वाध्यायश्च निवर्तते ॥ २,३९.
In both cases, for ten days, the family should abstain from food; charity, acceptance of gifts, fire rituals, and study are suspended.
देशं कालं तथात्मानं द्रव्यं द्रव्यप्रयाजनम् । उपपत्तिंव्मवस्थाञ्च ज्ञात्वां कर्म समाचरेत् ॥ २,३९.
Knowing the place, time, oneself, the object, its use, the circumstances, and the situation, one should perform the prescribed action.
गुहावह्निप्रवेसे च देशान्तरमृतेषु च । स्नानं सचेलं कर्तव्यं सद्यः शौचं विधीयते ॥ २,३९.
When entering a cave, fire, or a foreign land, one should bathe with clothes on; immediate purification is prescribed.
आमगर्भाश्च ये जीवा ये च गर्भाद्विनिः सृताः । न तेषामग्निसंस्कारो नाशौचं नोदकक्रिया ॥ २,३९.
For beings who die in the womb or are born prematurely, there is no fire-rite, impurity, or water-offering for them.
शिल्पिनः कारवो वैद्या दासीदासास्तथैव च । राजानः श्रोतियाश्चैव सद्यः शौचाः प्रकीर्तिताः ॥ २,३९.
Artisans, craftsmen, physicians, male and female servants, as well as kings and Vedic reciters, are declared to be immediately pure.
सत्री च (व्रती) मन्त्रपूतश्च आहिताग्निर्नृपस्तथा । एतेषां सूतकं नास्ति यस्य चेच्छन्ति पार्थिवाः ॥ २,३९.
A woman observing a vow, one purified by mantra, a householder with sacred fire, and a king—these have no impurity, if the rulers so desire.
प्रसवे च सपिण्डानां न कुर्यात्सङ्करं द्विजः । दशाहाच्छ्रुध्यते माता अवगाह्य पिता शुचिः ॥ २,३९.
At childbirth, a twice-born should not mix with relatives; after ten days the mother is purified, and the father becomes pure by bathing.
विवाहोत्सवयज्ञेषु अन्तरा मृतसूतके । पूर्वसङ्कल्पितं वित्तं भोज्यं तन्मनुरब्रवीत् ॥ २,३९.
If a death or birth impurity occurs during a wedding, festival, or sacrifice, the previously pledged wealth and food may be used, so says Manu.
सर्वेषामेवमाशौचं मातापित्रोस्तु सूतकम् । सूकतं मातुरेवस्यादुपस्पृश्य पिता शुचिः ॥ २,३९.
For all, impurity is thus; but for the mother and father, only the mother is considered impure, while the father becomes pure after sprinkling water.
अन्तर्दशाहे स्याताञ्चेत्पुनर्मरणजन्मनी । तावत्स्यादशुचिर्विप्रो यावत्तत्स्यादनिर्दशम् ॥ २,३९.
If another death or birth occurs within the ten-day period, the twice-born remains impure until ten days have passed from the latest event.
उदिते नियमे दाने आर्ते विप्रे निवेदयेत् । तथैव ऋषिभिः प्रोक्तं यथाकालं न दुष्यति ॥ २,३९.
When a rule is established for giving, in distress one should inform a Brahmin; thus it is taught by the sages, and if done at the proper time, it is not wrong.
मृन्मयेन तु पात्रेण तिलैर्मिश्रजलैः सह । मृत्तिकया तथान्ते च नरः स्नात्वा शुचिर्भवेत् ॥ २,३९.
With an earthen vessel and water mixed with sesame seeds, and finally with clay, after bathing, a man becomes pure.
दानं परिषदे दद्यात्सुवर्णं गोवृषं द्विजे । क्षत्त्रियो द्विगुणं चैव वैश्यस्तु त्रिगुणं तथा ॥ २,३९.
One should give in an assembly: gold or a bull to a Brahmin; a Kshatriya should give double, and a Vaishya triple that amount.
चतुर्गुणन्तु शूद्रेण दातव्यं ब्राह्मणे धनम् । एव मनुक्रमेणैव चातुर्वर्ण्यं विशुध्यति ॥ २,३९.
A Shudra should give four times as much wealth to a Brahmin; thus, according to Manu’s order, all four classes are purified.
सप्ताष्टमान्तरै शीर्णे गृह्यसंस्कारवर्जिते । अहस्तु सूतकं तस्य त्वब्दानां संख्यया स्मृतम् ॥ २,३९.
When the seventh or eighth interval passes without domestic rites, impurity lasts for as many years as the number of years elapsed.
ब्राह्मणार्थे विपन्ना ये नारीणां गोग्रहेषु च । आहवेषु विपन्नानामेकरात्त्रमशौचकम् ॥ २,३९.
For those who die for the sake of Brahmins, for women in protecting cows, or in battle, impurity lasts only one night.
न तेषामशुभं किञ्चिद्विप्राणां शुभकर्मणि । अनाथप्रेतसंस्कारं ये कुर्वन्तु नरोत्तमः ॥ २,३९.
For those Brahmins engaged in auspicious acts, there is no impurity at all; those who perform the rites for unclaimed dead are considered noble.
न तेषामशुभङ्किञ्चिद्विप्रेण सहकारिणा । जलावगाहनात्तेषां सद्यः शुद्धिरुदाहृता ॥ २,३९.
For those who assist a Brahmin, there is no impurity; by bathing in water, their purification is immediate.
विनिवृत्ता यदा शूद्रा उदकान्तमुपस्थिताः । तदाविप्रेणद्रष्टव्या इति वेदविदोविदुः ॥ २,३९.
When Shudras have withdrawn and reached the water’s edge, then a Brahmin may see them—so say the knowers of the Veda.
श्रीगरुडमहापुराणम् ४० तार्क्ष्य उवाच । भगवन्ब्राह्मणाः केचिदपमृत्युवशं गताः । कथं तेषां भवेन्मार्गः किं स्थानं का गतिर्भवेत्
Tarkshya said: O Lord, when Brahmins die an untimely death, what is their path, what place do they attain, and what is their destination?
किञ्च युक्तं भवेत्तेषां विधानं वापि कीदृशम् । तदहं श्रोतुमिच्छामि ब्रूहि मे मधुसूदन
Moreover, what is proper for them, and what kind of procedure should be followed? I wish to hear this; tell me, O Madhusudana.
श्रीकृष्ण उवाच । प्रेतीभूते द्विजातीनां सम्भूते मृत्युवैकृते । तेषां मार्गगतिस्थानं विधानं कथयाम्यहम्
Śrī Kṛṣṇa said: When twice-born men become deceased, when death has occurred, I shall explain their path, their journey, their destination, and the prescribed rites.
शृणु तार्क्ष्य परं गोप्यं जाते दुर्मरणे सति । लङ्घनैर्ये मृता विप्रा दंष्ट्रिभिश्चाभिघातिताः
Hear, O Tārkṣya, the supreme secret concerning those who die unnatural deaths—those brāhmaṇas who die by falling, by being struck by fanged creatures.
कण्ठग्राह विमग्नानां क्षीणानां तुण्डघातिनाम् । विषाग्निवृषविप्रेभ्यो विषूच्या चात्मघातकाः
Those who die by strangulation, by drowning, by blows to the mouth, by poison, fire, bulls, brāhmaṇas, by cholera, or by suicide—
पतनोद्वन्धनजलैर्मृतानां शृणु संस्थितिम् । यान्ति ते नरके घोरे ये च म्लेच्छादिभिर्हताः
Hear of the state of those who die by falling, hanging, or water; those killed by outcastes and the like go to a terrible hell.
श्वशृगालादिसंस्पृष्टा अदग्धाः कृमिसंङ्कुलाः । उल्लङ्घिता मृता ये च महारोगैश्च पीडिताः
Those touched by dogs, jackals, and such, those not cremated, those infested with worms, those who die after being leapt over, and those afflicted by great diseases—
अभिसस्तास्तथाव्यङ्गा ये च पापान्नपोषिताः । चण्डालादुदकात्सर्पाद्ब्राह्मणाद्वैद्युताग्नितः
Those cursed, those deformed, those nourished by sinful food, those polluted by water from outcastes, by snakes, brāhmaṇas, lightning, or fire—
दष्ट्रिभ्यश्च पशुभ्यश्च वृक्षादिपतनान्मृताः । उदक्यामूतकीशूद्रारजकीसङ्गदूषिताः
Those killed by fanged animals or beasts, those who die from falling from trees and the like, those defiled by water, urine, śūdras, washermen, or association with them—
तेन पापेन नरकान्मुक्ताः प्रेतत्वभागिनः । न तेषां कारयेद्दाहं सूतकं नोदकक्रियाम्
Freed from hell by that sin, they become spirits; for them, one should not perform cremation, impurity rites, or water-offerings.
न विधानं मृताद्यं च न कुर्यादौर्ध्वदैहिकम् । तेषां तार्क्ष्य प्रकुर्वीत नारायणबलिक्रियाम्
One should not perform the prescribed death rites or post-funeral ceremonies for them, O Tārkṣya; instead, one should perform the offering to Nārāyaṇa for them.