Garuda Purana

अस्थानिकापि या व्यूढा वैश्या वा क्षत्त्रियापि वा । याः पत्न्यो वै पितुः कश्चित्कुर्यात्पुत्रः सपिण्डनम् ॥ २,३४.

Even if she is not in her proper place, whether married, or a Vaiśya, or a Kṣatriya, whichever wives belong to the father, the son should perform sapiṇḍīkaraṇa for them.

विप्रेणैव यदा शूद्रा परिणीता प्रमादतः । एकोद्दिष्टन्तु तच्छ्राद्ध सा तु तेनैव युज्यते ॥ २,३४.

When a Śūdra woman is married by a Brāhmaṇa out of ignorance, only the single śrāddha offering is to be made; she is joined only with that.

अन्ये तु दश ये पुत्रा जाता वर्ण चतुष्टये । ते तासुतासु योक्त्वयाः सपिण्डीकरणे सदा ॥ २,३४.

The other ten sons born in the four castes should always be joined with their respective mothers in the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa ceremony.

अन्वष्टकासु यच्छ्राद्ध यच्छ्राद्धं वृद्धिहेतुकम् । पितुः पृथक्प्रदाव्यं स्त्रियाः पिण्डं सपिण्डने ॥ २,३४.

The śrāddha performed during the anvaṣṭakā days and the śrāddha performed for increase should be given separately for the father; the offering for the woman is to be included in sapiṇḍīkaraṇa.

पितामह्या समं मातुः पितुः सहपितामहैः । सपिण्डीकरणं कार्यमिति तार्क्ष्य मतं मम ॥ २,३४.

The sapiṇḍīkaraṇa should be performed for the paternal grandmother together with the mother, and for the father along with the paternal grandfathers; this, O Tārkṣya, is my opinion.

अपुत्रायां मृतायां तु पतिः कुर्यात्सपिण्डनम् । मात्रादितिसृभिः सार्धमेवं धर्मेण योजयेत् ॥ २,३४.

If a woman dies without a son, the husband should perform sapiṇḍīkaraṇa for her, joining her with the mother and the other two women, according to dharma.

पुत्रो नास्ति न भर्ता च स्त्रीणां तार्क्ष्य सपिण्डनम् । कारयेद्वृद्धिसमये भ्रातृदायाददेवरैः ॥ २,३४.

If there is no son and no husband for women, O Tārkṣya, sapiṇḍīkaraṇa should be performed at the time of increase by brothers, heirs, or brothers-in-law.

पतिपुत्रविहीनानां गोत्री नास्ति न देवरः । एकोद्दिष्टेन दातव्यं परेण सह भ्रातृभिः ॥ २,३४.

For those lacking husband and son, if there is no relative or brother-in-law, the single śrāddha offering should be given by another, together with the brothers.

अज्ञानाद्विघ्नतो वापि न कृतञ्चेत्सपिण्डनम् । नवकं षोडशश्राद्धमाब्दिकं कारयेत्ततः ॥ २,३४.

If, due to ignorance or obstacles, sapiṇḍīkaraṇa has not been performed, then the nine, sixteen, and annual śrāddhas should be conducted thereafter.

अदाहे न च कर्तव्यं सदाहे कारयेद्बुधः । दर्भपुत्तलकं कृत्वा वह्निना दाहयेच्छवम् ॥ २,३४.

When cremation is not performed, it should not be done; when cremation is performed, the wise should carry it out. Having made an effigy of darbha grass, one should burn the corpse with fire.

पितुः पुत्रेण कर्तव्यं न कुर्ब्वीत पिता सुते । अतिस्नेहान्न कर्तव्यं सपिण्डीकरणं सते ॥ २,३४.

The son must perform the rites for the father; the father should not do them for the son. Out of excessive affection, one should not perform the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa for a living son.

बहवोऽपि यदा पुत्रा विधिमेकः समाचरेत् । नवश्राद्धं सपिण्डत्वं श्राद्धान्यन्यानि षोडश ॥ २,३४.

Even if there are many sons, only one should carry out the prescribed rites: the nine śrāddhas, the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, and the sixteen other śrāddha ceremonies.

एकेनैव तु कार्यांणि अविभक्तधनेष्वपि । अन्त्येष्टिं कुरुते ह्येको मुनिभैः समुदाहृतम् ॥ २,३४.

Even when the inheritance is undivided, only one should perform the rites. The final obsequies are to be conducted by one, as declared by the sages.

विभक्तैश्च पृथक्कार्या क्रिया सांवत्सरादिका । एकैकेन च कर्तव्या पुत्रेण च स्वयंस्वयम् ॥ २,३४.

When the inheritance is divided, the annual and other rites should be performed separately. Each son must perform them individually, on his own.

यस्यैतानि न दत्तानि प्रेतश्राद्धानि षोडश । पिशाचत्वंस्थिरं तस्य कृतैः श्राद्धशतैरपि ॥ २,३४.

For one who has not given these sixteen śrāddhas for the departed, a state of being a piśāca remains fixed, even if hundreds of śrāddhas are performed later.

भ्राता वा भ्रातृपुत्रो वा सपिण्डः शिष्य एव वा । सपिण्डीकरणं कुर्यात्पुत्रहीने खगेश्वर ॥ २,३४.

O King of Birds, if there is no son, a brother, a brother’s son, a sapiṇḍa, or even a disciple should perform the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa.

सर्वेषां पुत्रहीनानां पत्री कुर्यात्सपिण्डनम् । ऋत्विजं करायेद्वाथ पुरोहितमथापि वा ॥ २,३४.

For all those without sons, a relative should perform the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa. Alternatively, one may appoint a priest or a family purohita to do it.

मृते पितर्यब्दमध्ये ह्युपरागो यदा भवेत् । पार्वणं न सुतैः कार्यं श्राद्धं नान्दीमुखं न च ॥ २,३४.

If the father dies and impurity arises within the year, the sons should not perform the fortnightly śrāddha or the nāndīmukha śrāddha.

तीर्थश्राद्धं गयाश्राद्धं श्राद्धमन्यच्च पैतृकम् । अब्दमध्ये न कुर्वीत महागुरुविपत्तिषु ॥ २,३४.

Tīrtha śrāddha, Gayā śrāddha, and other ancestral śrāddhas should not be performed within the year, except in cases of great calamity.

यमके च गजच्छायामन्वादिषु युगादिषु । पितृपिण्डो न दातव्यः सपिण्डीकरणं विना ॥ २,३४.

On the days of the Yama festival, under the shadow of an elephant, during the equinoxes, and at the beginnings of ages, the ancestral offering should not be given without sapiṇḍīkaraṇa.

यज्ञपुरुषस्य यद्दानं देवादीनाञ्च यत्तथा । अपूर्णेऽप्यब्दमध्येपि कर्तव्यमिति के च न ॥ २,३४.

The gifts made to the yajña person and likewise to the gods and others should be performed even if the year is not complete, according to some authorities.

पितृभ्योपि हि यद्दत्तमर्घपिण्डविवर्जितम् । कर्तव्यं तच्च वै सर्वमेष एव विधिः स्मृतः ॥ २,३४.

Whatever is given to the ancestors, except for the argha and piṇḍa offerings, must be performed; this is the rule remembered for all such acts.

देवानां पितरो देवा पितॄणामृषयस्तथा । ऋषीणां पितरो देवाः पिता जयति तेन वै ॥ २,३४.

The ancestors are the gods for the gods, and the sages are the ancestors for the ancestors; for the sages, the ancestors are the gods. Thus, the father prevails by this.

पितृदेवमनुष्याणां यज्ञनथो विभुर्भवेत् । यज्ञनाथस्य यद्दत्तं तद्दत्तं सर्वदेहिनाम् ॥ २,३४.

Among ancestors, gods, and humans, the yajña master is supreme. Whatever is given to the yajña master is given to all embodied beings.

मृते पितर्यब्दमध्ये यः श्राद्धं कारयेत्सुतः । सप्तजन्मकृता धर्माथीयते नात्र संशयः ॥ २,३४.

If a son performs śrāddha for his father within the year of death, the merit of seven births is obtained; there is no doubt about this.

प्रेतीभूतास्तु पितरो लुप्तपिण्डोदकक्रियाः । भ्रमन्ति वायुना सर्वे क्षुत्तृड्भ्यां परिपीडिताः ॥ २,३४.

When the ancestors have become departed and the offerings of piṇḍa and water are neglected, they all wander with the wind, afflicted by hunger and thirst.

पितरि प्रेततापन्ने लुप्यते पैतृकी क्रिया । अथ मातुर्विपत्तिः स्यात्पितृकार्यं न लुप्यते ॥ २,३४.

When the father becomes a departed soul, the ancestral rites are interrupted; but if the mother dies, the rites for the father are not interrupted.

मृता माता पिता तिष्ठेज्जीवन्ती च पितामही । सपिण्डनन्तु कर्तव्यं पितामह्या सहैव तु ॥ २,३४.

If the mother has died and the father remains, and the paternal grandmother is alive, then the ritual of joining with the paternal grandmother must be performed.

सत्यंसत्यं पुनः सत्यं श्रूयतां वचनं मम । न पिण्डो मिलितो येषां मृतानान्तु नृणां भुवि ॥ २,३४.

Truly, truly, and again truly, hear my words: for those deceased persons whose ritual joining has not been performed on earth, no offering is united with them.