Garuda Purana

पितुः पुत्त्रेण कर्तव्यं सपिण्डीकरणं सदा । पुत्त्राभावे तु पत्नी स्यात्पत्न्यभावे सहोदरः ॥ २,२६.

The sapiṇḍīkaraṇa should always be performed by the son for the father; but if there is no son, then by the wife, and if there is no wife, then by the brother.

भ्राता वा भ्रातृपुत्त्रो वा सपिण्डः शिष्य एव वा । सपिण्डनक्रियां कृत्वा कुर्यान्नान्दीमुखं ततः ॥ २,२६.

A brother, a brother's son, or even a disciple who is a sapiṇḍa should perform the sapiṇḍa rite, and then carry out the nāndīmukha ceremony.

ज्येष्ठस्यैव कनिष्ठेन भ्रातृपुत्त्रेण भार्यया । सपिण्डीकरणं कार्यं पुत्रहीने नरे खग ॥ २,२६.

For a man without a son, O bird, the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa should be performed by the younger brother, the brother's son, or the wife of the eldest.

भ्रातॄणामेकजातानामेकश्चेत्पुत्रवान् भवेत् । सर्वेते तेन पुत्रेण पुत्रिणो मनुरब्रवीत् ॥ २,२६.

If among brothers born of the same parents, only one has a son, Manu has declared that all are considered to have sons through that one son.

सर्वेषां पुत्रहीनानां पत्नी कुर्यात्सपिण्डनम् । ऋत्विजा कारयेद्वापि पुरोहितमथापि वा ॥ २,२६.

For all those who are without sons, the wife should perform the sapiṇḍa rite, or it may be done by the officiating priests or the family priest.

कृतचूडोपनीतश्च पितुः श्राद्धं समाचरेत् । उच्चारयेत्स्वधाकारं न तु वेदाक्षराण्यसौ ॥ २,२६.

One who has undergone the cūḍā and upanayana rites should perform the father's śrāddha, reciting the svadhā formula, but not the Vedic syllables.

भर्त्रादिभिस्त्रिभिः कार्यं सपिण्डीकरणं स्त्रियाः । पितृव्यभ्रातृपुत्रेण सोदरेण कनीयसा ॥ २,२६.

For a woman, the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa should be performed by three: the husband and others, the paternal uncle, the brother's son, or the younger brother.

अर्वाक्संवत्सरात्सन्धौ पूर्णे संवत्सरेऽपि वा । ये सपिण्डीकृताः प्रेतास्तेषां न स्यात्पृथक्क्रिया ॥ २,२६.

Within a year, at the time of the annual junction or even after a full year, for those departed who have been made sapiṇḍas, there should be no separate rites.

सपिण्डने कृते वत्स पृथक्त्वं तु विगर्हितम् । यस्तु कुर्यात्पृथक्पिण्डं पितृहा सोऽभिजायते ॥ २,२६.

Once the sapiṇḍa rite has been performed, O child, separation is condemned; whoever offers a separate piṇḍa becomes a slayer of ancestors.

सपिण्डीकरणे वृत्ते पृथक्त्वं नोपपद्यते । पृथक्पिण्डे कृते पश्चात्पुनः कुर्यात्सपिण्डनम् ॥ २,२६.

When the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa is done, separation is not proper; but if a separate piṇḍa has been offered, one should perform the sapiṇḍa rite again.

सपिण्डीकरणं कृत्वा एकोद्दिष्टं करोति यः । आत्मानं च तथा प्रेतं स नयेद्दमशासनम् ॥ २,२६.

Whoever, after performing the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, conducts a single-offering rite, leads both himself and the departed to the realm of punishment.

वर्षं यावक्त्रिया कार्या नामगोत्रेण धीमता । घटादि भोजनं नित्यं पददानानि यानि च । सपिण्डीकरणे वृत्ते एकस्यैव तु दापयेत् ॥ २,२६.

For one year, the wise should perform the prescribed rites, using the name and lineage; daily, food and water should be offered, as well as the giving of vessels and other items; when the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa is completed, these offerings are to be made for only one person.

अन्नं पानीयसहितं संख्यां कृत्वाब्दिकस्य च । दातव्यं ब्राह्मणे पक्षिञ्जलपूर्णघटादिकम् ॥ २,२६.

Cooked food, together with water, should be given to a brāhmaṇa, counting the number according to the annual rite, as well as vessels filled with birds and other such items.

पिण्डान्ते तस्य सकला वर्षवृत्तिः स्वशक्तितः । दिव्यदेहो विमानस्थः सुखं याति यमालयम् ॥ २,२६.

At the end of the piṇḍa offerings, for the full year, according to one's ability, the departed attains a divine body, rides in a celestial vehicle, and happily goes to the abode of Yama.

जीवमाने च पितरि न हि पुत्त्रे सपिण्डता । स्त्रीणां सपिण्डनं नास्ति तथा भर्तरि जीवति ॥ २,२६.

While the father is alive, the son does not become a sapiṇḍa; for women, there is no sapiṇḍa relationship while the husband is alive.

हुताशं या समारूढा चतुर्थेऽह्नि पतिव्रता । तस्या भर्तृदिने कार्यं वृषोत्सर्गादिकं च यत् ॥ २,२६.

A devoted wife who ascends the funeral fire on the fourth day—on her husband's death anniversary, the rites such as releasing the bull and others should be performed for her.

पुत्त्रिका पतिगोत्रा स्यादधस्तात्पुत्रजन्मनः । पुत्रोत्पत्तेः परस्तात्सा पितृगोत्रं व्रजेत्पुनः ॥ २,२६.

A daughter belongs to her husband's lineage after marriage, below the birth of a son; after the birth of a son, she returns to her father's lineage.

पतिपत्न्योः सदैकत्वं हुताशं याधिरोहति । पुत्रेणैव पृथक्श्राद्धं क्षयाख्ये तस्य वासरे ॥ २,२६.

When a wife ascends the funeral fire, she becomes one with her husband; on the day called kṣaya, the son should perform separate śrāddha for her.

अपुत्त्रौ चेन्मृतौ स्यातामेकचित्यां समेऽहनि । पृथक्श्राद्धानि कुर्वीत सापिड्यं पतिना सह ॥ २,२६.

If both die childless on the same day and are placed on one funeral pyre, separate śrāddhas should be performed, but the piṇḍa offering is to be made together with the husband.

पृथक्पृथक्च पिण्डेन दम्पती पतिना सह । न लिप्यते महादोषैरेतत्सत्यं वचो मम ॥ २,२६.

By offering separate piṇḍas for husband and wife, together with the husband, one is not tainted by great faults; this is my true statement.

एकचित्यां समारूढौ दम्पती निधनं गतौ । एकपाकं प्रकुर्वीत पिण्डान्दद्यात्पृथक्पृथक् ॥ २,२६.

If husband and wife die and are placed on one funeral pyre, one cooking should be done, but the piṇḍa offerings should be given separately.

एकादशे वृषोत्सर्गं प्रेतश्राद्धानि षोडश । घटादिपददानानि महादानानि यानि च । वर्षं यावत्पृथक्कुर्यात्प्रेतस्तृप्तिं व्रजेच्चिरम् ॥ २,२६.

On the eleventh day, the release of the bull, sixteen funeral śrāddhas, the giving of vessels, food, and great gifts—these should be done separately for a year; the departed will attain satisfaction for a long time.

एकगोत्रे मृतानां तु स्त्रिया वा पुरुषस्य वा । स्थण्डिलं चैकतः कुर्याद्धोमं कुर्यात्पृथक्पृथक् ॥ २,२६.

For those who have died in the same lineage, whether woman or man, the funeral ground should be prepared together, but the oblations should be performed separately.

एकादशेऽह्नि यच्छ्राद्धं पृथक्पिण्डाश्च भोजनम् । पाकैरेन पतिस्त्रीणामन्येषां च विगर्हितम् ॥ २,२६.

On the eleventh day, the śrāddha, separate piṇḍas, and meals—if cooked together for wives or others, it is considered improper.

एकेनैव तु पाकेन श्राद्धानि कुरुते सुतः । एकं तु विकिरं कुर्यात्पिण्डान्दद्यद्बहूनपि । तीर्थे चापरपक्षे वा चन्द्रसूर्यग्रहेऽपि वा ॥ २,२६.

But the son may perform the śrāddhas with a single cooking, make one offering, and give many piṇḍas, whether at a sacred place, during the dark fortnight, or at an eclipse of the moon or sun.

नारी भर्तारमासाद्य कुणपं दहते यदा । अग्निर्दहति गात्राणि आत्मानं नैव पीडयेत् ॥ २,२६.

When a woman, having reached her husband, burns the corpse, the fire consumes the body but does not afflict the soul.

दह्यते ध्मायमानानां धातूनां हि यथा मलम् । तथा नारी दहेद्देहं हुताशे ह्यमृतोपमे ॥ २,२६.

Just as fire burns away the impurities of metals being smelted, so does a woman burn her body in the sacred fire, which is like immortality.

दिव्यादौ दिव्यदेहस्तु शुद्धो भवति पूरुषः । तप्ततैलेन लोहेन वह्निना नैव दह्यते ॥ २,२६.

At the beginning of the divine state, a person attains a divine body, pure; he is not burned by heated oil, iron, or fire.

तथा सा पतिसंयुक्ता दह्यते न कदाचन । अन्तरात्मा मृते तस्मिन्मृतोऽप्येकत्वमागतः ॥ २,२६.

In the same way, when united with her husband, she is never burned; even after his death, having attained oneness, the inner self remains.