Garuda Purana

आनन्त्यात्कुलधर्माणां पुंसाञ्चैवायुषः क्षयात् । अस्थिरत्वाच्छरीरस्य द्वादशाहः प्रशस्यते ॥ २,२६.

Because of the endlessness of family duties and the decline of men's lifespan, and due to the instability of the body, twelve days are recommended.

निरग्निकः साग्निको वा द्वादशाहे सपिण्डयेत् ॥ २,२६.

Whether one is without fire or with fire, the sapiṇḍa ceremony should be performed on the twelfth day.

द्वादशाहे त्रिपक्षे वा षण्मासे वत्सरेऽपि वा । सपिण्डीकरणं प्रोक्तमृषिभिस्तत्त्वदर्शिभिः ॥ २,२६.

On the twelfth day, or after three fortnights, six months, or even a year, the sapiṇḍa ceremony is prescribed by the sages who perceive the truth.

सपुत्त्रस्य न कर्तव्यमेकोद्दिष्टं कदाचन । सपिण्डीकरणादूर्ध्वं यत्रयत्र प्रदीयते ॥ २,२६.

One should never perform a single-offering (ekoddiṣṭa) rite for someone who has a son, at any time, wherever the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa has been completed.

तत्रतत्र त्रयं कार्यमन्यथा पितृघातकः । त्रिभिः कुर्यादशक्तश्च पार्वणं मुनिनोदितम् ॥ २,२६.

In every such case, three rites must be performed; otherwise, one becomes a slayer of ancestors. If unable, one should perform the fortnightly (pārvaṇa) rite as prescribed by the sages.

तद्दिने तद्दिने कुर्यात्पितामहमुखान्यतः । अज्ञानाद्दिनमासानां तस्मात्पार्वणमिष्यते ॥ २,२६.

On each corresponding day, one should perform the rites for the paternal ancestors; but if the exact day or month is unknown, the fortnightly rite is considered acceptable.

अनुत्पन्नशरीरस्य न दानं पितृभिः सह । एतैः षोडशभिः श्राद्धैः प्रेतो मुक्तस्तु जायते ॥ २,२६.

For one whose body has not been born, no offerings are to be made together with the ancestors; but by these sixteen śrāddha rites, the departed is indeed liberated.

अपुत्त्रस्य सपिण्डत्वं नैव कुर्यात्स्त्रियोऽपि वा । यावज्जीव च सद्भत्र्या न कुर्यात्सहपिण्डताम् ॥ २,२६.

For one without a son, sapiṇḍa-relationship should not be established, nor even for women; and as long as a virtuous wife lives, she should not be made a sapiṇḍa.

ब्राह्मादिषु विवाहेषु या वधूरिह संस्कृता । भर्तृगोत्रेण कर्तव्यास्तस्याः पिण्डोदकक्रियाः ॥ २,२६.

In marriages of the Brāhma and other types, the bride who is consecrated here should have her piṇḍa and water rites performed according to her husband's lineage.

आसुरादिविवा हेषु या व्यूढा कन्यका भवेत् । तस्यास्तु पितृगोत्रेण कुर्यात्पिण्डोदकक्रियाः ॥ २,२६.

But in Asura and similar marriages, the maiden who is taken as wife should have her piṇḍa and water rites performed according to her father's lineage.

पितुः पुत्त्रेण कर्तव्यं सपिण्डीकरणं सदा । पुत्त्राभावे तु पत्नी स्यात्पत्न्यभावे सहोदरः ॥ २,२६.

The sapiṇḍīkaraṇa should always be performed by the son for the father; but if there is no son, then by the wife, and if there is no wife, then by the brother.

भ्राता वा भ्रातृपुत्त्रो वा सपिण्डः शिष्य एव वा । सपिण्डनक्रियां कृत्वा कुर्यान्नान्दीमुखं ततः ॥ २,२६.

A brother, a brother's son, or even a disciple who is a sapiṇḍa should perform the sapiṇḍa rite, and then carry out the nāndīmukha ceremony.

ज्येष्ठस्यैव कनिष्ठेन भ्रातृपुत्त्रेण भार्यया । सपिण्डीकरणं कार्यं पुत्रहीने नरे खग ॥ २,२६.

For a man without a son, O bird, the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa should be performed by the younger brother, the brother's son, or the wife of the eldest.

भ्रातॄणामेकजातानामेकश्चेत्पुत्रवान् भवेत् । सर्वेते तेन पुत्रेण पुत्रिणो मनुरब्रवीत् ॥ २,२६.

If among brothers born of the same parents, only one has a son, Manu has declared that all are considered to have sons through that one son.

सर्वेषां पुत्रहीनानां पत्नी कुर्यात्सपिण्डनम् । ऋत्विजा कारयेद्वापि पुरोहितमथापि वा ॥ २,२६.

For all those who are without sons, the wife should perform the sapiṇḍa rite, or it may be done by the officiating priests or the family priest.

कृतचूडोपनीतश्च पितुः श्राद्धं समाचरेत् । उच्चारयेत्स्वधाकारं न तु वेदाक्षराण्यसौ ॥ २,२६.

One who has undergone the cūḍā and upanayana rites should perform the father's śrāddha, reciting the svadhā formula, but not the Vedic syllables.

भर्त्रादिभिस्त्रिभिः कार्यं सपिण्डीकरणं स्त्रियाः । पितृव्यभ्रातृपुत्रेण सोदरेण कनीयसा ॥ २,२६.

For a woman, the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa should be performed by three: the husband and others, the paternal uncle, the brother's son, or the younger brother.

अर्वाक्संवत्सरात्सन्धौ पूर्णे संवत्सरेऽपि वा । ये सपिण्डीकृताः प्रेतास्तेषां न स्यात्पृथक्क्रिया ॥ २,२६.

Within a year, at the time of the annual junction or even after a full year, for those departed who have been made sapiṇḍas, there should be no separate rites.

सपिण्डने कृते वत्स पृथक्त्वं तु विगर्हितम् । यस्तु कुर्यात्पृथक्पिण्डं पितृहा सोऽभिजायते ॥ २,२६.

Once the sapiṇḍa rite has been performed, O child, separation is condemned; whoever offers a separate piṇḍa becomes a slayer of ancestors.

सपिण्डीकरणे वृत्ते पृथक्त्वं नोपपद्यते । पृथक्पिण्डे कृते पश्चात्पुनः कुर्यात्सपिण्डनम् ॥ २,२६.

When the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa is done, separation is not proper; but if a separate piṇḍa has been offered, one should perform the sapiṇḍa rite again.

सपिण्डीकरणं कृत्वा एकोद्दिष्टं करोति यः । आत्मानं च तथा प्रेतं स नयेद्दमशासनम् ॥ २,२६.

Whoever, after performing the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, conducts a single-offering rite, leads both himself and the departed to the realm of punishment.

वर्षं यावक्त्रिया कार्या नामगोत्रेण धीमता । घटादि भोजनं नित्यं पददानानि यानि च । सपिण्डीकरणे वृत्ते एकस्यैव तु दापयेत् ॥ २,२६.

For one year, the wise should perform the prescribed rites, using the name and lineage; daily, food and water should be offered, as well as the giving of vessels and other items; when the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa is completed, these offerings are to be made for only one person.

अन्नं पानीयसहितं संख्यां कृत्वाब्दिकस्य च । दातव्यं ब्राह्मणे पक्षिञ्जलपूर्णघटादिकम् ॥ २,२६.

Cooked food, together with water, should be given to a brāhmaṇa, counting the number according to the annual rite, as well as vessels filled with birds and other such items.

पिण्डान्ते तस्य सकला वर्षवृत्तिः स्वशक्तितः । दिव्यदेहो विमानस्थः सुखं याति यमालयम् ॥ २,२६.

At the end of the piṇḍa offerings, for the full year, according to one's ability, the departed attains a divine body, rides in a celestial vehicle, and happily goes to the abode of Yama.

जीवमाने च पितरि न हि पुत्त्रे सपिण्डता । स्त्रीणां सपिण्डनं नास्ति तथा भर्तरि जीवति ॥ २,२६.

While the father is alive, the son does not become a sapiṇḍa; for women, there is no sapiṇḍa relationship while the husband is alive.

हुताशं या समारूढा चतुर्थेऽह्नि पतिव्रता । तस्या भर्तृदिने कार्यं वृषोत्सर्गादिकं च यत् ॥ २,२६.

A devoted wife who ascends the funeral fire on the fourth day—on her husband's death anniversary, the rites such as releasing the bull and others should be performed for her.

पुत्त्रिका पतिगोत्रा स्यादधस्तात्पुत्रजन्मनः । पुत्रोत्पत्तेः परस्तात्सा पितृगोत्रं व्रजेत्पुनः ॥ २,२६.

A daughter belongs to her husband's lineage after marriage, below the birth of a son; after the birth of a son, she returns to her father's lineage.

पतिपत्न्योः सदैकत्वं हुताशं याधिरोहति । पुत्रेणैव पृथक्श्राद्धं क्षयाख्ये तस्य वासरे ॥ २,२६.

When a wife ascends the funeral fire, she becomes one with her husband; on the day called kṣaya, the son should perform separate śrāddha for her.

अपुत्त्रौ चेन्मृतौ स्यातामेकचित्यां समेऽहनि । पृथक्श्राद्धानि कुर्वीत सापिड्यं पतिना सह ॥ २,२६.

If both die childless on the same day and are placed on one funeral pyre, separate śrāddhas should be performed, but the piṇḍa offering is to be made together with the husband.