Garuda Purana

जन्मतः पञ्च वर्षाणि भुङ्क्ते दत्तमसंस्कृतम् । पञ्चवर्षाधिके बाले विपत्तिर्यदि जायते ॥ २,२५.

From birth, for five years, one enjoys what is given without rites; if a child older than five years dies, adversity arises.

वृषोत्सर्गादिकं कर्म सपिण्डीकरणं विना । द्वादशे हनि सम्प्राप्ते कुर्याच्छ्राद्धानि षोडश ॥ २,२५.

The rites such as releasing the bull, except for the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, should be performed; when the twelfth day arrives, sixteen śrāddha ceremonies are to be done.

पायसेन गुडेनापि पिण्डान्दद्याद्यथाक्रमम् । उदकुम्भप्रदानं च पद (उप) दानानि यानि च ॥ २,२५.

One should offer rice balls with milk or even with jaggery, in proper order; the giving of water pots and other offerings as appropriate.

भोजनानि द्विजे दद्यान्महादानादि शक्तितः । दीपदानादि यत्किञ्चित्पञ्चवर्षाधिके सदा ॥ २,२५.

One should give food to twice-borns, and great gifts as able; always, after five years, even small gifts like lamps should be given.

कर्तव्यं च खगश्रेष्ठ व्रतात्प्राक्प्रेततृप्तये । यदा नक्रियते सर्वं मुद्गलत्वं स गच्छति ॥ २,२५.

O best of birds, rites must be performed before the vow, for the satisfaction of the departed; if nothing is done, he attains the state of Mudgala.

व्रतात्प्राङ्गेव देयं तु ततः पितृगणस्य च । स्वाहाकारेण वै कुर्यादेकोद्दिष्टानि षोडश ॥ २,२५.

Offerings should be made before the vow, and then to the group of ancestors; one should perform sixteen specified rites with the svāhā invocation.

ऋजुदर्भैस्तिलैः शुक्लैः प्राचीनावीति निश्चितम् । अपसव्यं च कर्तव्यं कृते यान्ति परां गतिम् ॥ २,२५.

Using straight darbha grass and white sesame seeds, with the cloth facing east, certainly; the rites should be performed with the thread over the left shoulder, and when done, they attain the highest state.

पुनश्चिरायुषो भूत्वा जायन्ते स्वकुले ध्रुवम् । सर्वसौख्यप्रदः पुत्रः पित्रोः प्रीतिविवर्धनः ॥ २,२५.

Again, having become long-lived, they are certainly born in their own family; a son grants all happiness, increases the affection of his parents.

आकाशमेकं हि यथा चन्द्रादित्यौ यथैकतः । घटादिषु पृथक्सर्वं पश्य रूपं च तत्समम् ॥ २,२५.

Just as there is one sky, and the moon and sun are united in it, so too, observe that in pots and other vessels, the forms are distinct, yet the essence is the same.

आत्मा तथैव सर्वेषु पुत्त्रेषु विचरेत्सदा । या यस्य प्रकृतिः पूर्वं शुक्रशोणितसङ्गमे ॥ २,२५.

In the same way, the self always moves among all sons; whatever nature belonged to each previously, at the union of semen and blood,

सा (स) तेन भावयोगेन पुत्त्रास्तत्कर्मकारिणः । पितृरूपं समादाय कस्यचिज्जायते सुतः ॥ २,२५.

That nature, through the power of that union, causes the sons to act accordingly; taking on the form of the father, a son is born to someone.

पितृतः कोऽपि रूपाढ्यो गुणज्ञो दानतत्परः । सदृशः कोऽपि लोकेऽस्मिन्न भूतो न भविष्यति ॥ २,२५.

From the father, one may be endowed with beauty, knowledgeable of virtues, devoted to giving; one may be similar, but in this world, none has been nor will be exactly the same.

अन्धादन्धो न भवति मूकान्मूको न जायते । बधिराद्बधिरो नैव विद्यावान्विदुषो न हि । अनुरूपा न दृश्यन्ते मदीयं वचनं शृणु ॥ २,२५.

The blind does not beget the blind, the mute does not beget the mute, nor does the deaf beget the deaf, nor the learned beget the learned; matching forms are not observed. Listen to my statement.

गरुड उवाच । औरसक्षेत्रजाद्याश्च पुत्त्रा दशविधाः स्मृताः । संगृहीतः सुतो यस्तु दासीपुत्त्रश्च तेन किम् ॥ २,२५.

Garuda said: Sons born from the womb, from the field, and others are remembered as ten kinds; what of the son who is adopted, and the son of a servant woman?

काङ्कां गतिमवाप्नोति जायो मृत्युवशं गतः । भवेन्न दुहिता यस्य न दौहित्रो न वा सुतः ॥ २,२५.

He attains the desired state when his wife has passed away; one who has neither daughter nor grandson nor son,

श्राद्धं तस्य कथं कार्यं विधिना केन तद्भवेत् । श्रीभगवानुवाच । मुखं दृष्ट्वा तु पुत्रस्य मुच्यते पैतृकादृणात् ॥ २,२५.

How should the funeral rite be performed for him, and by what procedure? The Blessed Lord said: By seeing the face of the son, one is released from the father's debt.

पौत्त्रस्य दर्शनाज्जन्तुर्मुच्यते चः ऋणत्रयात् । लोकानन्त्यं दिवः प्राप्तिः पुत्त्रपौत्त्र प्रपौत्त्रकैः ॥ २,२५.

By seeing the grandson, a person is freed from the three debts; endless worlds and attainment of heaven come through sons, grandsons, and great-grandsons.

अन्यक्षेत्रोद्भवाद्या ये भुक्तिमात्रप्रदाः सुताः । कुर्वीत पार्वणं श्राद्धमारैसो विधिवत्सुतः ॥ २,२५.

Those sons born from other fields grant only enjoyment; the legitimate son should perform the funeral rite according to proper procedure.

कुर्वन्त्यन्ये सुताः श्राद्धमे कोद्दिष्टं न पार्वणम् । ब्राह्मोढाजस्तून्नयति संगृहीतस्त्वधो नयेत् । श्राद्धं सांवत्सरं कुर्वञ्जायते नरकाय वै ॥ २,२५.

Other sons perform only the specified rite, not the full funeral rite; the son born of a Brahmin wife leads upward, the adopted son leads downward; performing the annual rite leads to hell.

सर्वदानानि देयानि ह्यन्न दानादृते खग । संगृहीतः सुतः कुर्यादेकोद्दिष्टं न पार्वणम् ॥ २,२५.

All gifts should be given, except for the gift of food, O bird; the adopted son should perform only the specified rite, not the full funeral rite.

प्रत्यब्दं पितृमातृभ्यां श्राद्धं दत्त्वा न लिप्यते । एकोद्दिष्टं परित्यज्य पार्वणं कुरुते यदि ॥ २,२५.

By giving the funeral rite each year to father and mother, one is not tainted; if, abandoning the specified rite, one performs the full funeral rite,

आत्मानं च पितॄंश्चैव स नयेद्यममन्दिरम् । संगृहीतस्तु यः केचिद्दासीपुत्त्रादयश्च ये ॥ २,२५.

He leads himself and his ancestors to the abode of Yama; the adopted son and those who are sons of servant women, and others,

तीर्थे कुर्युः पितृश्राद्धं दानं (मासं) दद्युर्द्विजन्मने । संगृहीतसुतो भूत्वा पाकं वा यः प्रयच्छति ॥ २,२५.

They may perform the ancestor rite at a sacred place, give gifts (monthly) to a twice-born; if, having become an adopted son, one offers cooked food,

वृथा श्राद्धं विजानीयाच्छूद्रान्नेन यथा द्विजः । न प्रीणयति तच्छ्राद्धं पितामहमुखान्पितॄन् । एवं ज्ञात्वा स्वगश्रेष्ठ हीनजातीन्सुतांस्त्यजेत् ॥ २,२५.

Know that the funeral rite is fruitless, as food from a Shudra is for a Brahmin; that rite does not please the ancestors headed by the grandfather. Knowing this, O best of the birds, one should abandon sons of inferior birth.

(ब्राह्मण्यां ब्राह्मणाज्जातश्चाण्डालादधमः स्मृतः ) । यस्तु प्रव्रजिताज्जातो ब्राह्मण्यां शूद्रतश्च यः ॥ २,२५.

(One born from a Brahmin woman by a Brahmin is remembered as lowest if from a Chandala); one who is born from a renunciate, or from a Brahmin woman by a Shudra.

द्वावेतौ विद्धि चाण्डालौ सगोत्राद्यस्तु जायते । स्वर्यातिविहितान्पुत्रः समुत्पाद्य खगेश्वर ॥ २,२५.

Know that these two, when born from the same lineage, are considered outcastes; a son produced contrary to prescribed rites, O Lord of Birds.

तैः सुवृत्तैः सुखं प्राप्यं कुवृत्तैर्नरकं व्रजेत् । हीनजातिसमुद्भूतैः सुवृत्तैः सुखमेधते ॥ २,२५.

By those of good conduct, happiness is attained; by those of bad conduct, one goes to hell. Even those born in a low caste, if well-behaved, obtain happiness.

कलिकलुषविमुक्तः पूजितः सिद्धसङ्घैरमरचमरमालावीज्यमानोऽप्सरोभिः । पितृशतमपि बन्धून्पुत्त्रपौत्त्रप्रपौत्त्रानपि नरकनिमग्नानुद्धरेदेक एव ॥ २,२५.

Freed from the impurities of the Kali age, worshipped by assemblies of accomplished beings, fanned with celestial yak-tail whisks by apsaras, a single person can uplift hundreds of ancestors, relatives, sons, grandsons, and great-grandsons who have fallen into hell.

श्रीगरुडमाहपुराणम् २६ गरुड उवाच । सत्यं ब्रूहि सुरश्रेष्ठ कृपां कृत्वा मयि प्रभो । मृतानां चैव जन्तूनां कदा कुर्यात्सपिण्डनम् ॥ २,२६.

Garuḍa said: Speak the truth, O best of gods, show compassion to me, O Lord. When should the sapiṇḍa ceremony be performed for deceased beings?