Garuda Purana

एतेषां कृपया राजंस्त्वं कुरुष्वौर्ध्वदेहिकम् । येषां न माता न पिता न पुत्रो न च बान्धवाः ॥ २,९.

Out of compassion for these, O king, you should perform the post-death rites for those who have no mother, father, son, or relatives.

तेषा राजा स्वयं कुर्यात्कर्माणि तु यतो नृपः । आत्मनश्च शुभं कर्म कर्तव्यं पारलौकिकम् ॥ २,९.

The king himself should perform these rites for them, for a ruler must do good deeds for himself that bear fruit in the next world.

विमुक्तः सर्वदुः खेभ्यो येनाञ्जो दुर्गातिं तरेत् । भ्रातरः कस्य के पुत्रास्त्रियोऽपि स्वार्थकोविदाः ॥ २,९.

Freed from all suffering, one crosses the difficult passage easily; for whose sake are brothers, sons, or wives, who are all intent on their own interests?

न कार्यस्तेषु विश्रम्भ स्वकृतं भुज्यतेयतः । गृहेष्वर्था निवर्न्त्तन्ते श्मशाने चैव बान्धवाः ॥ २,९.

One should not rely on them, for each person reaps what they have sown; wealth remains at home, and relatives only up to the cremation ground.

शरीरं काष्ठामादत्ते पापं पुण्यं सह व्रजेत् । तस्मादाशु त्वया सम्यगात्मनः श्रेय इच्छता ॥ २,९.

The body takes only wood, while sin and merit accompany the soul; therefore, one who desires their own welfare should act rightly and promptly.

अस्थिरेण शरीरेण कर्तव्यञ्चौर्ध्वदोहिकम् । राजोवाच । कृशरूपः करालाक्षस्त्वं प्रेत इव लक्ष्यसे ॥ २,९.

With this unstable body, one should perform the post-death rites. The king said: You appear emaciated, with fierce eyes, resembling a spirit.

कथयस्वः मम प्रीत्या प्रेतराज यथातथम् । तथा पृष्टः स वै राज्ञा उवाच सकलं स्वकम् ॥ २,९.

Tell me, out of kindness, O lord of the dead, the truth as it is. Thus questioned by the king, he told his entire story.

प्रेत उवाच । कथयामि नृपश्रेष्ठ सर्वमेवादितस्तव । प्रेतत्वे कारणं श्रुत्वा दयां कर्तुमिहार्हसि ॥ २,९.

The spirit said: I will tell you everything from the beginning, O best of kings; after hearing the cause of my becoming a spirit, you should show compassion here.

वैदिशं नाम नगरं सर्वसम्पत्सुखावहम् । नानाजनपदाकीर्णं नानारत्नसमाकुलम् ॥ २,९.

There is a city named Vaidisha, bestowing all wealth and happiness, filled with people from many lands and abundant in various jewels.

नानापुष्पवनाकीर्णं नानापुण्यजनावृतम् । तत्राहं न्यवसं भूप देवार्चनरतः सदा ॥ २,९.

That place was adorned with many kinds of flowering groves and filled with people of various merits; there I dwelled, O king, always devoted to worshipping the gods.

वैश्यजातिः सुदेवोऽहं नाम्ना विदितमस्तु ते । हव्येन तर्पिता देवाः कव्येन पितरो मया ॥ २,९.

Know me by name as Sudeva, of the Vaiśya caste; I have satisfied the gods with offerings and the ancestors with oblations.

विविधैर्दानयोगैश्च विप्राः सन्तर्पिता मया । आहारश्च विहारश्च मया वै सुनिवेशितः ॥ २,९.

By various acts of charity I have gratified the Brahmins; I have arranged my food and recreation properly.

दीनानाथविशिष्टेभ्यो मया दत्तमनेकधा । तत्सर्वं निष्फलं जातं मम दैवादुपागतम् ॥ २,९.

To the poor, the destitute, and the distinguished, I have given many gifts; yet all that has become fruitless for me, due to fate.

न मेऽस्ति सन्ततिस्तात न सुहृन्न च बान्धवाः । न च मित्रं हितस्तादृग्यः कुर्यादौर्ध्वदैहिकम् ॥ २,९.

I have no lineage, no friends, nor relatives; nor is there any true companion who would perform the funeral rites for me.

प्रेतत्वं सुस्थिरं तेन मम जातं नृपोत्तम । एकादशं त्रिपक्षञ्च षाण्मासिकमथाब्दिकम् ॥ २,९.

Therefore, O best of kings, my state as a spirit has become fixed; the eleventh-day, fortnightly, half-yearly, and yearly rites—

प्रतिमास्यानि चान्या नि ह्येवं श्राद्धानि षोडश । यस्यैतानि न दीयन्ते प्रेतश्राद्धानि भूपते ॥ २,९.

—and other monthly rites, thus sixteen śrāddhas in all; O king, for whom these funeral offerings are not performed—

प्रेतत्वं सुस्थिरं तस्यः दत्तैः श्राद्धशतैरपि । एवं ज्ञात्वा महाराज प्रेतत्वादुद्धरस्व माम् ॥ २,९.

—his state as a spirit remains fixed, even with hundreds of śrāddhas given; knowing this, O great king, deliver me from this ghostly state.

वर्णानाञ्चैव सर्वेषां राजा बन्धुरिहोच्यते । तन्मां तारय राजेन्द्र मणिरत्नं ददामि ते ॥ २,९.

Of all the social classes, the king is called the kinsman here; therefore, O king of kings, rescue me—I will give you a jewel as a gift.

यथा मम शुभावाप्तिर्भवेन्नृपवरोत्तम । तथा कार्यं महीपाल दयां कृत्वा मयि प्रभो ॥ २,९.

O best of kings, act so that I may attain auspiciousness; O lord of the earth, show compassion to me.

सपिण्डैर्वा सगोत्रैर्वा निष्टुरैर्न कृतो हिमे । वृषोत्सर्गस्ततो दुष्टं प्रेतत्वं प्राप्तवानहम् ॥ २,९.

Neither by those of my lineage nor by my relatives was the bull-offering performed for me; therefore, I have attained this evil state as a spirit.

क्षुत्तृषाविष्टदेहश्च भक्ष्यं पानं न चाप्नुयाम् । अतो विकृतिरेषा वै कृशात्वादिरमांसका ॥ २,९.

Afflicted by hunger and thirst, I cannot obtain food or drink; thus, this distortion has arisen—emaciation and lack of flesh.

क्षुत्तृड्जन्यं महादुः खमनुभवामि पुनः पुनः । अकल्याणं हि प्रेतत्वं वृषोत्सर्गं विना कृतम् ॥ २,९.

I repeatedly experience great suffering caused by hunger and thirst; indeed, the state of a spirit is inauspicious when the bull-offering is omitted.

तस्माद्राजन्दयासिन्धो प्रार्थयामि तवाग्रतः । राजोवाच । वर्तते मत्कुले प्रेत इति ज्ञेयं कथं नरैः ॥ २,९.

Therefore, O king, ocean of compassion, I beg before you— The king said: How can people know that a spirit exists in my family?

तन्ममाचक्ष्व हि प्रेत प्रेतत्वान्मुच्यते कथम् । प्रेत उवाच । लिङ्गेन पीडया प्रेतोऽनुमातव्यो नरैः सदा ॥ २,९.

So tell me, O spirit, how one is released from the state of a spirit. The spirit said: A spirit is always to be inferred by people through signs of affliction.

वक्ष्यामि पीडास्ता राजन्या वै प्रेतकृता भुवि । ऋतुः स्यादफलः स्त्रीणां यदा वंशो न वर्धते ॥ २,९.

I will tell you, O king, the afflictions caused by a spirit on earth: when women’s cycles are fruitless, when the lineage does not increase—

म्रियन्ते चाल्पवयसः सा पीडा प्रेतसम्भवा । अकस्माद्वृत्तिहरणमप्रतिष्ठा जनेषु वै ॥ २,९.

—when the young die, that is an affliction arising from a spirit; sudden loss of livelihood, and instability among people—

अकस्माद्गृहदाहः स्यात्सा पीडा प्रेतसम्भवा । स्वगेहे कलहो नित्यं स्याच्च मिथ्याभिशंसनम् ॥ २,९.

—when there is a sudden house fire, that is an affliction arising from a spirit; constant quarrels in one’s own house, and false accusations.

राजयक्ष्मादिसम्भूतिः सा पीडा प्रेतसम्भवा । अपि स्वयं धनं मुक्तं प्रयत्नादनवे पथि ॥ २,९.

The affliction arising from royal consumption and similar diseases, that suffering is born from a preta; even if wealth is released by effort, it does not reach its proper path.

नैव लभ्येत नश्येतः सा पीडा प्रेतसंमवा । सुवृष्टौ कृषिनाशः स्याद्वाणिज्याद्वृत्तिनाशनम् ॥ २,९.

That suffering, originating from a preta, cannot be obtained nor does it disappear; in times of good rain, there may be destruction of crops, or loss of livelihood for merchants.