Garuda Purana

चतुर्थेन च पिण्डेन नाभिलिङ्गगुदं तथा । जानुजङ्घं तथा पादौ पञ्चमेन तु सर्वदा ॥ २,५.

With the fourth rice-ball, the navel, genitals, and anus are formed; with the fifth, always the knees, shanks, and feet.

सर्वमर्माणि षष्ठेन सप्तमेन तु नाडयः । दन्तलोमान्यष्टमेन वीर्यन्तु नवमेन च ॥ २,५.

With the sixth, all vital organs; with the seventh, the veins; with the eighth, the teeth and hair; with the ninth, the virility.

दशमेन तु पूर्णत्वं तृप्तता क्षुद्विपर्ययः । मध्यमां षोडशीं वच्मि वैनतेय शृणुष्व मे ॥ २,५.

With the tenth, fullness is attained, satisfaction and the cessation of hunger; now I will speak of the middle sixteenfold rite, O son of Vinata, listen to me.

विष्णवादिविष्णुपर्यन्तान्येकादश तथा खग । श्राद्धानि पञ्च देवानामित्येषां मध्यषोडशी ॥ २,५.३८ निमित्तं दुर्मतिं कृत्वा यदि नारायणो बलिः । एकादशाहे कर्तव्यो वृषोत्सर्गोऽपि तत्र वै ॥ २,५.

From Viṣṇu to the end of Viṣṇu, there are eleven śrāddhas, O Bird; and five for the gods—these are the middle sixteenfold rites. If, through ill intent, Nārāyaṇa or Bali is omitted, then on the eleventh day the rite must be performed, along with the release of a bull.

एकादशाहे प्रेतस्य यस्योत्सृज्येत नो वृषः । प्रेतत्वं सुस्थिरं तस्य दत्तैः श्राद्धशतैरपि ॥ २,५.

If, on the eleventh day, the bull is not released for the departed, his state as a spirit remains firm, even with the gift of a hundred śrāddhas.

अकृत्वा यद्वृषोत्सर्गं कृतं वै पिण्डपातनम् । निष्फलं सकलं विद्यात्प्रमीताय न तद्भवेत् ॥ २,५.

If the release of the bull is not performed, and only the offering of rice-balls is done, know that all such rites are fruitless and do not benefit the deceased.

वृषोत्सर्गादृते नान्यत्किञ्चिदस्ति महीतले । पुत्रः पत्न्यथ दौहित्रः पिता वा दुहिताथ वा ॥ २,५.

Apart from the release of the bull, there is nothing else on earth—whether son, wife, daughter's son, father, or daughter.

मृतादनन्तरं तस्य ध्रुवं कार्यो वृषोत्सवः । चतुर्वत्सतरीयुक्तो यस्योत्सृज्येत वा वृषः ॥ २,५.

Immediately after death, the bull-offering ceremony must certainly be performed for him; it is to be done with a bull that is four years old, or with one that is let loose.

अलङ्कृतो विधानेन प्रेतत्वं तस्य नो भवेत् । एकादशेऽह्नि सम्प्राप्ते वृषालाभो भवेद्यदि ॥ २,५.

If the bull is properly adorned according to the prescribed rite, he does not become a departed spirit; but if the bull is obtained on the eleventh day, then it is considered as such.

दर्भैः पिष्टैस्तु सम्पाद्य तं वृषं मोचयेद्वुधः । वृषोत्सर्जनवेलायां वृषाभाव (लाभ) कथञ्चन ॥ २,५.

If a bull is not available at the time of the bull-offering, then one should fashion it from darbha grass or flour and release it; in any way, the bull must be provided.

मृत्तिकाभिस्तु दर्भैर्वा वृषं कृत्वा विमोचयेत् । यदिष्टं जीवतस्तस्य दद्यादेकादशेऽहनि ॥ २,५.

By making a bull from clay or darbha grass, one should release it; if desired, while the person is still alive, this may be given on the eleventh day.

मृतमुद्दिश्य दातव्यं शय्याधेन्वादिकं तथा । विप्रान्बहून् भोजयीत प्रेतस्य क्षुद्विशान्तये ॥ २,५.

In honor of the deceased, one should give a bed, a cow, and similar gifts; and feed many Brahmins to satisfy the hunger of the departed.

तृतीयां षोडशीं वच्मि वैनतेय शृणुष्व ताम् । द्वादश प्रतिमास्यानि आद्यं षाण्मासिकं तथा ॥ २,५.

I will tell you, O son of Vinatā, about the third and sixteenth rites; listen to them: there are twelve memorial offerings, the first being at six months.

सपिण्डीकरणं चैव तृतीया षोडशी मता । द्वादशाहे त्रिपक्षे च षण्मासे मासिकेऽब्दिके ॥ २,५.

The third and sixteenth rites are considered to be the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa; these are performed on the twelfth day, after three fortnights, at six months, monthly, and yearly.

तृतीयां षोडशीमेनां वदन्ति मतभेदतः । यस्यैतानि न दत्तानि प्रेतश्राद्धानि षोडश ॥ २,५.

This third and sixteenth rite is described differently according to various opinions; if these sixteen funeral offerings are not given,

पिशाचत्वं स्थिरं तस्य दत्तैः श्राद्धशतैरपि । एकादशे द्वादशे वा दिने आद्यं प्रकीर्तितम् ॥ २,५.

He remains firmly in the state of a ghost, even if hundreds of funeral rites are performed; the first is prescribed on the eleventh or twelfth day.

मासादौ प्रतिमासञ्च शुद्धं मृततिथौ खग । एकेनाह्ना त्रिभिर्वापि हीनेषु विनतासुत ॥ २,५.

At the beginning of the month, and monthly, the pure rite is performed on the date of death, O bird; if missed, it may be done in one or three days, O son of Vinatā.

मासषण्मासवर्षेषु त्रिपक्षेषु भवन्ति हि । श्राद्धान्यथस्यात्सापिण्ड्यं पूर्णे वर्षे तदर्धके ॥ २,५.

In the month, six months, year, and three fortnights, the funeral rites are performed; sapiṇḍīkaraṇa is done at the completion of the year or at half a year.

त्रिपक्षेऽभ्युदये वापि द्वादशाहेऽथ वा नृणाम् । आनन्त्यात्कुलधर्माणां पुंसाञ्चैवायुषः क्षयात् ॥ २,५.

In the case of three fortnights, or at the twelfth day, or for men, due to the endlessness of family duties and the brevity of human life,

अस्थिरत्वाच्छरीरस्य द्वादशाहे प्रशस्यते । सपिण्डीकरणेष्वेवं विधिं पक्षीन्द्र मे शृणु ॥ २,५.

Because of the impermanence of the body, the twelfth day is recommended; now listen to the procedure for sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, O king of birds.

एकोद्दिष्टविधानेन कार्यं तदपि काश्यप । तिलगन्धोदकैर्युक्तं कुर्यात्पात्रचतुष्टयम् ॥ २,५.

That too should be performed according to the rite for a single offering, O Kāśyapa; one should prepare four vessels with sesame, fragrance, and water.

पात्रं प्रेतस्य तत्रैकं पित्र्यं पात्रत्रयं तथा । सेचयेत्पितृपात्रेषु प्रेतपात्रं खग त्रिषु ॥ २,५.

Of these, one vessel is for the departed, and three are for the ancestors; the vessel for the departed should be poured into the three ancestor vessels, O bird.

चतुरो निर्वपेत्पिण्डान्पूर्वन्तेषु समापयेत् । ततः प्रभृति वै प्रेतः पितृसामान्यमश्नुते ॥ २,५.

One should offer four balls (piṇḍas) and complete the rite as previously described; from that moment, the departed attains equality with the ancestors.

ततः पितृत्वमापन्ने तस्मिन्प्रेते खगेश्वर । श्राद्धधर्मैरशेषैस्तु तत्पूर्वानर्चयेत्पितॄन् ॥ २,५.

Then, when the departed has attained the state of an ancestor, O lord of birds, he should worship his forefathers with all the funeral rites.

एकचित्यारोहणे च एकाह्नि मरणे तथा । सापिण्ड्यन्तु स्त्रिया नास्ति मृते भर्तुः स्त्रियो भवेत् ॥ २,५.

When cremation is done in a single pyre, or when death occurs in a single day, sapiṇḍīkaraṇa is not performed for a woman; but when her husband dies, it is performed for her.

पाकैक्यमथ कालैक्यं कर्त्रैक्यञ्च भवेत्खग । श्राद्धादौ सह दाहे च पतिपत्न्योर्न संशयः ॥ २,५.

Unity in cooking, unity in timing, and unity in the act itself must be observed, O bird, both at the śrāddha and during the cremation of husband and wife together—of this there is no doubt.

भर्तुर्मृततिथेरन्यतिथौ चितिमथारुहेत् । तांमृताहनि तु सम्प्राप्ते पृथक्पिण्डेन योजयेत् ॥ २,५.

If the husband dies as a guest, the wife should ascend the funeral pyre with him; but when the day of her own death arrives, she should be joined to him with a separate offering.

प्रत्यब्दञ्च युगपत्तु समापयेत् ॥ २,५.

And each year, these rites should be completed together and at the same time.

यस्य संवत्सरादर्वाक्सपिण्डीकरणं भवेत् । मासिकञ्चोदकुम्भञ्च देयं तस्यापि वत्सरम् ॥ २,५.

If the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa (joining of offerings) occurs before a full year has passed, then for that person, monthly rites and the water-pot offering should still be performed for the remainder of the year.