Garuda Purana

नान्नदानात्परं दानं किञ्चिदस्ति वृषध्वज ! । अन्नेन धार्यते सर्वं चराचरमिदं जगत् ॥ १,२२१.

O bearer of the bull-banner, there is no gift greater than the gift of food; by food, all this world, moving and unmoving, is sustained.

कन्यादानं वृषोत्सर्गस्तीर्थसेवा श्रुतं तथा । हस्त्यश्वरथदानानि मणिरत्नवसुन्धराः ॥ १,२२१.

The gift of a maiden, the release of a bull, service at holy places, study, and the gifts of elephants, horses, chariots, jewels, gems, and land—

अन्नदानस्य सर्वाणि कलां नार्हन्ति षोडशीम् । अन्नात्प्राणा बलं तेजश्चान्नाद्वीर्यं धृतिः स्मृतिः ॥ १,२२१.

All these do not equal even a sixteenth part of the gift of food; from food come life, strength, energy, vigor, courage, fortitude, and memory.

कूपवापीतडागादीनारामांश्चैव कारयेत् । त्रिसप्तकुलमुद्धृत्य विष्णुलोके महीयते ॥ १,२२१.

One should cause wells, ponds, and tanks, as well as gardens, to be made; having uplifted twenty-one generations, one is honored in the world of Vishnu.

साधूनां दर्शनं पुण्यं तीर्थादपि विशिष्यते । कालेन तीर्थं फलति सद्यः साधुसमागमः ॥ १,२२१.

The sight of the virtuous is meritorious, surpassing even a holy place; a holy place bears fruit in time, but the company of the virtuous gives immediate result.

सत्यं दमस्तपः शौचं सन्तोषश्च क्षमार्जवम् । ज्ञानं शमो दया दानमेष धर्मः सनातनः ॥ १,२२१.

Truthfulness, self-control, austerity, purity, contentment, forgiveness, straightforwardness, knowledge, tranquility, compassion, and charity—this is the eternal dharma.

श्रीगरुडमहापुराणम् २२२ ब्रह्मोवाच । प्रायश्चित्तादि वक्ष्येऽहं नरकौघविमर्दनम् । मक्षिका विप्रुषो नारी भुवि तोयं हुताशनः । मार्जारो नकुलश्चैव शुचीन्येतानि नित्यशः ॥ १,२२२.

Brahma said: I will now speak of expiation and the destruction of the multitude of hells. A fly, a drop of water, a woman, earth, fire, a cat, and a mongoose—these are always pure.

यः शूद्रोच्छिष्टसंस्पृष्टं प्रमादाद्भक्षयेद्द्विजः । अहोरात्रोषितो भूत्वा पञ्चगव्येन शुध्यति ॥ १,२२२.

If a twice-born eats, out of negligence, food touched by a Shudra or by leftovers, he becomes pure by fasting for a day and night and by taking the five products of the cow.

विप्रो विप्रेण संस्पृष्ट उच्छिष्टेन कदाचन । स्नानं जप्यञ्च कर्तव्यं दिनस्यान्ते च भोजनम् ॥ १,२२२.

If a Brahmin is touched by the leftovers of another Brahmin, he should bathe, recite mantras, and eat only at the end of the day.

अन्नं समक्षिकाकेशं शुध्येद्वान्तेन तत्क्षणात् । यश्च पाणितले भुङ्क्ते अङ्गुल्या बाहुना च यः ॥ १,२२२.

Food that has hair or flies in it is purified immediately by removing the impurity; and one who eats with the palm, with a finger, or with the arm—

अहोरात्रेण शुध्येत पिबेद्यदि न वार्युत । पीतशेषन्तु यत्तोयं वामहस्तेन मद्यवत् ॥ १,२२२.

He is purified in a day and night, whether or not he drinks water; and whatever water remains after drinking, if touched with the left hand, is like liquor.

चर्ममध्यगतं तोयमशुचि स्यान्न तत्पिबेत् । अन्त्यजातिरविज्ञातो निवसेद्यस्य वेश्मनि ॥ १,२२२.

Water that has passed through leather is impure; one should not drink it. If a person of the lowest caste, or an unknown individual, resides in a house, it is to be avoided.

चान्द्रायणं पराकं वा द्विजातीनां विशोधनम् । प्राजापत्यन्तु शूद्रस्य पश्चाज्ज्ञाते तथापरे ॥ १,२२२.

For purification among the twice-born, the observances of Cāndrāyaṇa or Parāka are prescribed; for a Śūdra, the Prājāpatya penance is recommended, and for others, different rites after the matter is known.

यस्तत्र भुङ्क्ते पक्वान्नं कृच्छ्रार्धं तस्य दापयेत् । तेषामपि च यो भुङ्क्ते कृच्छ्रपादो विधीयते ॥ १,२२२.

Whoever eats cooked food in such circumstances must perform half a Kṛcchra penance; and if one eats their food, a quarter Kṛcchra is prescribed.

रजकानाञ्च शैलू षवेणुचर्मोपजीविनाम् । एतदन्नञ्च यो भुङ्क्ते द्विजश्चान्द्रायणं चरेत् ॥ १,२२२.

If a twice-born eats food prepared by washermen, hunters, bamboo-workers, or leather-workers, he must undertake the Cāndrāyaṇa penance.

चाण्डालकूपभाण्डेषु अज्ञानाच्चेत्पिबेज्जलम् । कुर्यात्सान्तपनं विप्रस्तदर्धञ्च विशः स्मृतम् ॥ १,२२२.

If, out of ignorance, water is drunk from the vessels of a Cāṇḍāla, purification for a Brāhmaṇa is the Sāntapana penance, and for a Vaiśya, half of that is considered proper.

पादं शूद्रस्य दातव्यमज्ञानादन्त्यवेश्मनि । प्रायश्चित्तं त्रिकृच्छ्रं स्यात्पराकमन्त्यजागतौ ॥ १,२२२.

For a Śūdra, a quarter penance is to be given if, out of ignorance, he stays in the house of an outcaste; the prescribed atonement is three Kṛcchra penances, and Parāka for the outcaste.

अन्त्यजोच्छिष्टभुक्च्छुध्येद्द्विजश्चान्द्रायणेन च । चाण्डालन्नं यदा भुङ्क्ते प्रमादादैन्दवञ्चरेत् ॥ १,२२२.

A twice-born who eats leftovers from an outcaste is purified by Cāndrāyaṇa; if he eats food of a Cāṇḍāla by mistake, he must perform the Aindava penance.

क्षत्त्रजातिः सान्तपनं षड्द्विरात्रं परे तथा । एकवृक्ष तु चण्डालः प्रमादाद्ब्राह्मणो यदि । फलं भक्षयते तत्र अहोरात्रेण शुध्यति ॥ १,२२२.

A Kṣatriya must perform the Sāntapana penance for six days; likewise, others. If a Brāhmaṇa, by mistake, eats fruit from a tree belonging to a Cāṇḍāla, he is purified in one day and night.

भुक्त्वोपविष्टोऽनाचान्तश्चण्डालं यदि संस्पृशेत् । गायत्त्र्यष्टसहस्रन्तु द्रुपदां वा शतं जपेत् ॥ १,२२२.

If, after eating, one sits without rinsing and touches a Cāṇḍāla, he should recite the Gāyatrī eight thousand times, or the Drupadā hymn one hundred times.

चाण्डालश्वपचैर्वापि विण्मूत्रे तु कृते द्विजाः । प्रायश्चित्तं त्रिरात्रं स्यात्पराकश्चान्त्यजागतौ ॥ १,२२२.

If twice-born persons come into contact with feces or urine from Cāṇḍālas or dog-eaters, the prescribed atonement is three days, and Parāka for the outcaste.

अकामतः स्त्रियो गत्वा पराकस्तत्र साधकः । अन्त्यजातिप्रसूतस्य प्रायश्चित्तं न विद्यते ॥ १,२२२.

If a woman, without desire, goes to an outcaste, Parāka is the proper penance; but for one born of an outcaste, no atonement is prescribed.

मद्यादिदुष्टभाण्डेषु यादपः पिबति द्विजः । कृच्छ्रपादेन शुध्येद्वै पुनः संस्कारकर्मणा ॥ १,२२२.

If a twice-born drinks water from a vessel defiled by liquor or similar, he is purified by a quarter Kṛcchra penance, and then by the proper rites.

ये प्रत्यवसिता विप्रा वज्राग्निपवनादिषु । अन्नपानादि संगृह्य चिकीर्षन्ति गृहान्तरम् ॥ १,२२२.

Those Brāhmaṇas who have committed offences involving thunderbolt, fire, wind, or similar, and wish to enter another household after taking food or drink, must observe the prescribed rites.

चारयेत्त्रीणि कृच्छाणि त्रीणि चान्द्रायणानि वै । जातकर्मादिसंस्कारं वसिष्ठो मुनिरब्रवीत् ॥ १,२२२.

One should perform three Kṛcchra penances and three Cāndrāyaṇa penances; Vasiṣṭha the sage declared this for rites such as birth ceremonies and other sacraments.

प्राजापत्यादिभिर्द्रष्टा स्त्री शुध्येत्तु द्विभोजनात् । उच्छिष्टोच्छिष्टसंस्पृष्टंशुना शूद्रेण वा द्विजः ॥ १,२२२.

A woman is purified by two meals after performing Prājāpatya and other penances; if a twice-born is touched by leftovers, or by a dog, or by a Śūdra, purification is required.

उपोष्य रजनीमेकां पञ्चगव्येन शुध्यति । वर्णबाह्येन संस्पृष्टः पञ्चरात्रेण वै तदा ॥ १,२२२.

By fasting for one night, one is purified with pañcagavya; if touched by an outcaste, purification is achieved in five nights.

अदुष्टाः सन्तता धाराः वातोद्धूताश्च रेणवः । स्त्रियो बालाश्च वृद्धाश्च न दुष्यन्ति कदाचन ॥ १,२२२.

Continuous streams of water that are not defiled, dust blown by wind, women, children, and the elderly are never considered impure.

नित्यमास्यं शुचि स्त्रीणां शकुन्तैः पातितं फलम् । प्रस्त्रवे च शुचिर्वत्सः श्वा मृगग्रहणे शुचिः ॥ १,२२२.

The mouths of women are always pure; fruit dropped by birds is pure; a calf is pure when suckling, and a dog is pure when catching prey.