Garuda Purana

अधोमुखः पिण्डपात्राणि चालयित्वा आचम्य दक्षिणोपवीती पूर्वाभिमुखः ओं अमुकगोत्राय अमुकदेवशर्मणे ब्राह्मणाय सपत्नीकाय श्राद्धप्रतिष्ठार्थदक्षिणामेतद्रजतं तुभ्यमहं सम्प्रददे इति दक्षिणां दद्यात् । इति देवूब्राह्मणाय दक्षिणादानम् ॥ १,२१८.

Facing downward, after moving the offering vessels and performing purification, one sits facing east with the sacred thread on the right shoulder. 'Om, for such-and-such lineage, for the Brahmin named so-and-so, together with his wife, for the establishment of the śrāddha, I give this silver as a gift to you.' Thus, the gift is given to the Brahmin representing the gods.

ततः पितृब्राह्मणे पिण्डाः सम्पन्ना इति प्रश्रः । सुसम्पन्ना इति पिण्डे क्षीरधारां दत्त्वा पिण्डचालनं अतिथिब्राह्मणे पिण्डपात्रमुत्तानं कृत्वा ओं वाजे वाजे वत वाजिनो नो धनेषु विप्रा अमृता ऋतज्ञाः । अस्यमध्वः पिबत मादयध्वं तृप्ता यात पथिभिर्देवयानैरिति पिण्डा दिविसर्जनंामावाजस्य प्रसवो जगम्यादेमे द्यावापृथिवी विश्वरूपे आमागन्तां पितरा चामा सोमोऽमृतत्वेन गम्यात् । इति देवविसर्जनम् । ओं अभिगम्यतामिति पितृब्राह्मणविसर्जनम् । ब्राह्मणैरनुद्गतस्य निवर्तनम् । गवादिषु पिण्डप्रतिपादनमिति शेषः ॥ १,२१८.

Then, the question is asked: 'Are the offerings for the ancestor-Brahmin complete?' Upon confirming their completion, one pours a stream of milk over the offering and moves it. For the guest-Brahmin, the offering vessel is turned upright, and one recites: 'Om, O givers, O givers, may we be wealthy; O sages, immortal, knowers of truth, drink this honey, rejoice, be satisfied, depart by the divine paths.' Thus, the offerings are consigned to the heavens. 'May the offspring of the sacrifice be born; may these heavens and earths of all forms come; may the ancestors and Soma attain immortality.' Thus, the gods are dismissed. 'Om, let them approach'—thus, the ancestor-Brahmins are dismissed. The Brahmins who have not yet departed are asked to return. The remaining offerings are given to cows and others.

अयं श्राद्धविधिः प्रोक्तः पठितः पापनाशनः । अनेन विधिना श्राद्धं कृतं वै यत्र कुत्रचित् ॥ १,२१८.

This śrāddha rite has been spoken and recited; it destroys sin. Wherever this rite is performed, the śrāddha is accomplished.

अक्षया स्यात्पितॄणाञ्च स्वर्गप्राप्तिर्ध्रुवा तथा । इत्युक्तं पार्वणं श्राद्धं पितॄणां ब्रह्मलोकदम् ॥ १,२१८.

For the ancestors, inexhaustible merit and assured attainment of heaven result. Thus, the śrāddha performed on the new moon day grants the ancestors the world of Brahma.

श्रीगरुडमहापुराणम् २१९ ब्रह्मोवाच । नित्यश्राद्धं प्रवक्ष्यामि पूर्ववत्तद्विशेषवत् । ओं अमुकगोत्राणामस्मत्पितृपितामहानां अमुकशर्मणां सपत्नीकानां श्राद्धं सिद्धान्नेन युष्मास्वहं करिष्ये । आसनादिकमत्र स्याद्विश्वेदेवाविवर्जितम् ॥ १,२१९.

Brahma said: I will explain the daily śrāddha, as before, with its distinctions. 'Om, for those of such-and-such lineage, for our fathers and grandfathers, named so-and-so, together with their wives, I will perform the śrāddha for you with prepared food.' The seating and other arrangements here should be made, excluding the all-gods.

वृद्धिश्राद्धं प्रवक्ष्यामि पूर्ववत्तद्विशेषकम् । जातपुत्रमुखदर्शनादौ वृद्धि श्राद्धं पूर्वाभिमुखेषु दक्षिणोपवीतिषु सयवबदरकुशैर्देवतीर्थेन नमस्कारान्तेन दक्षिणोपचारेण कर्तव्यम् ॥ १,२१९.

I will explain the vṛddhi śrāddha, as before, with its distinctions. Upon the birth of a son or seeing his face for the first time, the vṛddhi śrāddha should be performed facing east, with the sacred thread on the right shoulder, using barley, jujube, and sacred grass, with worship at the place of the gods, ending with salutations, and with offerings made to the right.

दक्षिणजानु गृहीत्वा अद्यास्मदीयामुकवृद्धौ अमुकगात्राणामस्मत्प्रपितामहीपितामहीमातॄणाममुकदेवीनाममुकगोत्राणां श्राद्धे कर्तव्ये वसुसत्यसंज्ञकानां विश्वेषां देवानां श्राद्धं सिद्धान्नेनयुष्मासु मया कर्तव्यमिति देवब्राह्मणामन्त्रणम् । ओं करिष्यसीति तेनोक्त इत्थमेवापरदेवब्राह्मणामन्त्रणम् ॥ १,२१९.

Taking the right knee, today, for the increase of such-and-such, for those of such-and-such limbs, for our great-grandmothers, grandmothers, mothers, named so-and-so, for the goddesses of such-and-such lineage, the śrāddha should be performed for the Vasus called Satyasaṃjña and all the gods, with prepared food, by me for you—thus, the invocation to the Brahmin representing the gods. Upon saying 'I will perform,' the invocation to the other god-Brahmins is likewise made.

ततः अमुकवृद्धौ अमुकगोत्राया मत्प्रपितामह्या अमुकदेव्या नान्दीमुख्याः श्राद्धं सिद्धान्नेन युष्मासु मया कर्तव्यमिति प्रपितामहीब्राह्मणामन्त्रणम् । करिष्यामीति तेनोक्ते इत्थमेव प्रमातामह्यादिब्राह्माणमन्त्रणम् ॥ १,२१९.

Then, for the increase of such-and-such, for the lineage of such-and-such, for my great-grandmother named so-and-so, the śrāddha for the nāndīmukha ancestors should be performed with prepared food, by me for you—thus, the invocation to the Brahmin representing the great-grandmother. Upon saying 'I will perform,' the invocation to the maternal ancestors and others is likewise made.

देवपितृसर्वदेवब्राह्मणं श्राद्धकरणानुज्ञापनम् । आसने ओं विश्वेदेवास आगत शृणुताम इमंर्ठ इवम् । तं बर्हिर्निषीदत । ओं विश्वेदेवाः शृणुतेमं इवं ये मे अन्तरिक्षे य उदद्यविष्ट । पे अग्निजिह्वा उतवा यदत्रा आसाद्यास्मिन्बर्हिषि मादयध्वम् । ओं आगच्छन्तु इति विश्वेदेवावाहनंगन्धादिदानम् । अच्छिद्रावधारणवाचनम् ॥ १,२१९.

Permission is sought from the god, ancestor, and all-deity Brahmin for performing the śrāddha. On the seat: 'Om, all gods, come, listen to this matter. Sit on the sacred grass.' 'Om, all gods, listen to this matter, you who are in the atmosphere, you who are on earth, you who are in the fire's tongue, and those who are here—rejoice on this sacred grass.' 'Om, let them come'—thus, the invocation of all gods, and the offering of fragrance and so forth. The recitation for the assurance of unbrokenness is made.

ततः प्रपितामहीप्रभृतीनामनुज्ञापनमासनदानं गन्धादिदानञ्च अच्छिद्रावधारणवाचनम् । इत्थं पितामह्याः मातुः । ततः प्रपितामहादीनां अनुज्ञापनम् । आसनमावाहनङ्गन्धादिदानंवृद्धप्रमातामहादीनामनुज्ञापनादिकरणम् । ओं वसुसत्यसंज्ञकेभ्यो देवेभ्य एतदन्नं सघृतं सपानीयं सव्यञ्जनं सवदरं सदधि प्रतिषिद्धवर्जितं नम इति अन्नसङ्कल्पनम् । ओं अमुकगोत्रे ! मत्पितामहमुकदेवि नान्दीमुखि ! एतदन्नं सबदरं सदधि नमः । एवं मातामहप्रभातामहेभ्यः ॥ १,२१९.

Then, permission is sought from the great-grandmother and others, seating is given, fragrance and so forth are offered, and the recitation for assurance of unbrokenness is made. Thus, for the grandmother and mother. Then, permission is sought from the great-grandfather and others, seating, invocation, fragrance, and so forth are given, and permission is sought from the aged maternal ancestors and others. 'Om, for the Vasus called Satyasaṃjña, for the gods, this food with ghee, water, vegetables, jujube, and curd, excluding forbidden items, is offered.' 'Om, for such-and-such lineage, for my grandfather, for the great-grandmother named so-and-so, nāndīmukha, this food with jujube and curd is offered.' Likewise for the maternal ancestors and others.

एकोद्दिष्टं पुरोऽवश्यं तद्विशेषं वदे शृणु । प्रथमं निमन्त्रणं पादप्रक्षालनमासनम् । अद्य अमुकगोत्रस्य मत्पितुरमुकदेवशर्मणः प्रतिसांवत्सरिकमेकोद्दिष्टश्राद्धं सिद्धान्नेन युष्मास्वहं करिष्ये । श्राद्धकरणानुज्ञापनमासनं गन्धादिदानमन्नानुकल्पनम् । जप्यं निवीती । उत्तराभिमुखीभूयातिथिश्राद्धं कुर्यात् ॥ १,२१९.

The single-offering rite must be performed first; hear its distinction. First, invitation, washing of feet, and seating. 'Today, for the lineage of such-and-such, for my father named so-and-so, the annual single-offering śrāddha will be performed by me for you with prepared food.' Permission for performing the śrāddha, seating, offering of fragrance and so forth, and preparation of food are made. Recitation is performed with the sacred thread on the left shoulder, facing north, and the guest śrāddha is performed.

ततस्मृप्तिं ज्ञात्वा दक्षिणाभिमुखीवामोपवीती उच्छिष्टसमीपे अग्निदग्धा इति अन्नविकिरणम् । अमुकगोत्रमत्पितरमुकदेवशर्मन्नेतत्ते जलमवनेनिक्ष्व ये चात्र त्वामनुयाश्च त्वामनुतस्मै ते स्वधा इति रेखोपरि वारिधारादानम् । शेषं पूर्ववत् ॥ १,२१९.

Then, recalling the departed, facing south with the sacred thread on the left shoulder, near the remnants, 'burned by fire,' the scattering of food is performed. 'For the lineage of such-and-such, for my father named so-and-so, place this water for them; those who follow you and those who follow them, let svadhā be for them'—thus, water is poured over the line. The rest is as before.

श्रीगरुडमहापुराणम् २२० ब्रह्मोवाच । सपिण्डीकरणं वक्ष्ये पूर्णेऽब्दे तत्क्षयेऽहनि । कृतं सम्यग्यथाकाले प्रेतादेः पितृलोकदम् ॥ १,२२०.

Brahma said: I will explain the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa rite, to be performed at the completion of a year or on its last day. When performed properly at the right time for the departed, it grants the world of the ancestors.

सपिण्डीकरणं कुर्यादपराह्ने तु पूर्ववत् । पितामहादिब्राह्मणनिमन्त्रणम् । ओं पुरूरवार्द्रवसंज्ञकेभ्यो देवेभ्य एतदासनं नमः । वामपार्श्वे चासनदानम् । आवाहनम् । ततः पितामहप्रपितामहवृद्धप्रपितामहानां सपत्नीकानां श्राद्धमहं करिष्ये इत्यनुज्ञाग्रहणंपात्रत्रयकरणंपात्रोपरि कुशं दत्त्वा पात्रान्तरेण पिधाय अच्छिद्रावधारणान्तं परिसमाप्य तथैव पितुरपि सपत्नीकस्य प्रेतपदान्तनाम्ना श्राद्धकरणानुज्ञापनं देवपात्राच्छिद्रावधारणम् ॥ १,२२०.

The sapiṇḍīkaraṇa should be performed in the afternoon, as before. Invitation of the Brahmins representing the ancestors is made. 'Om, for the gods called Purūrava and Dravasasaṃjña, this seat is offered.' Seating is given on the left side. Invocation follows. Then, for the grandfather, great-grandfather, and aged great-grandfather, together with their wives, the śrāddha is performed, permission is sought, three vessels are prepared, sacred grass is placed on them, and covered with another vessel. The assurance of unbrokenness is recited, and similarly, for the father and his wife, permission is sought for performing the śrāddha in the name of the departed, and the assurance of unbrokenness is recited for the vessel of the gods.

तत्परिसमाप्य पितामहप्रपितामहवृद्धप्रपितामहक्रमेण पात्राणां मनाक्चालनम् । उद्धाटनं कृत्वाओं ये समानाः समनसः पितरो यमराज्ये । तेषां लोकः स्वधा नमो यज्ञो देवेषु कल्पताम् । ओं ये समानाः समनसो जीवा जीवेषु मामकाः । तेषां श्रीर्मयि कल्पतामस्मिन् लोके शतं समाः । एतन्मन्त्रद्वयेन पितृपात्रोदकं पितामहप्रपितामहपात्रे वृद्धप्रपितामहपात्रं परित्यज्य पितामहप्रपितामहयोरुदकं पवित्रञ्च पितृपात्रे क्षिपेत् ॥ १,२२०.

After completing this, the vessels for the grandfather, great-grandfather, and aged great-grandfather are slightly moved in order. After uncovering them, one recites: 'Om, those ancestors who are united in mind in Yama's realm, may their world be svadhā, may the sacrifice be established among the gods.' 'Om, those ancestors who are united in mind among the living, who are mine among the living, may prosperity be established in me in this world for a hundred years.' With these two mantras, water from the ancestor vessel is poured into the vessels for the grandfather and great-grandfather, abandoning the vessel for the aged great-grandfather. The water and sacred grass from the vessels for the grandfather and great-grandfather are placed into the ancestor vessel.

ततः पितृब्राह्मणहस्ते पात्रस्थपवित्रदानम् । पात्रस्थपुष्पेण शिरसः करपादार्चनं ब्राह्मणहस्तेऽन्य जलदानंहस्ताभ्यां पात्रमुत्थाप्य ओं या दिव्येति पठित्वा ओं अमुकगोत्र मत्पितामह अमुकदेवशर्मन् सपत्नीक एष ते अर्घ्यः स्वधा । पितृपात्रेणैव पितामहब्राह्मणहस्ते स्तोकमर्घ्योदकं सपवित्रङ्गृहीत्वास्तोकमुदकं पिण्डसेचनार्थं पात्रान्तरेण पिधाय पितृब्राह्मणवामपार्श्व दक्षिणाग्रकुशोपरि पितृभ्यः स्तानमसीति अधोमुखपात्रस्थपनम् ॥ १,२२०.

Then, the offering of pure water in a vessel is given into the hands of the ancestral priest; with a flower placed in the vessel, the head, hands, and feet are touched in reverence. Another water offering is given into the priest’s hands; lifting the vessel with both hands, the mantra 'Om, O Divine Ones,' is recited, followed by 'Om, to the ancestor of such-and-such lineage, my grandfather, named such-and-such, together with his wife, this is your arghya, svadhā.' Using the same ancestral vessel, a small amount of arghya water, together with the purifying grass, is taken and, for the purpose of offering to the ancestors, is covered with another vessel and placed mouth-down on the southern tip of the sacred grass on the left side of the ancestral priest, with the words, 'This is the place for the ancestors.'

पितामहप्रपितामहवृद्धप्रपितामहेभ्यो गन्धादिदानमग्नौकरणम् । अवशिष्टान्नं प्रपितामहादिपात्रे क्षिपेत् । पितामहपात्राभिमन्त्रणपर्यन्तक्रमेण समाप्यापि ब्राह्मणपात्राभिमन्त्रणम् । अङ्गुष्ठनिवेशनं तिलविकरणं कृत्वा अमुकगोत्र एतत्ते अन्नं सघृतं सपानीयं सव्यञ्जनं प्रतिषिद्धवर्जितं ये चात्र त्वा मनुयाश्च त्वामनु तस्मै ते स्वधा इति ॥ १,२२०.

To the great-grandfathers and the elders before them, offerings such as fragrance are made in the fire; the remaining food is placed in the vessel for the great-grandfathers and others. After completing the mantras for the great-grandfather’s vessel in order, the mantras for the priest’s vessel are also performed. Placing the thumb and scattering sesame seeds, the mantra is recited: 'Of such-and-such lineage, this food with ghee, with water, with side dishes, free from prohibited items, is for you and for those who follow you; to them, svadhā.'

ततो देवप्रभृतिभ्य अपोशानं दद्यात् । अतिथिप्राप्तौ अतिधिश्राद्धं कुर्यात् । अस्मिन्नवसरे विकिरणम् । पितामाहदौ प्रश्रं कृत्वा पितृब्राह्मणमों स्वदितं भवद्भिरिति प्रश्रः । ओं अमुकगोत्र मत्पितः अमुकशर्मन् सपत्नीक एष ते पिण्डो ये चात्रत्वामनुयाश्च त्वामनु तस्मै स्वधेति पिण्डपात्रमच्छिद्रमस्तु । ततः सङ्कल्प सिद्धिवाचनं समाप्य पिण्डं द्विधा कृत्वा ये समानाः सुमनस इति मन्त्रद्वयं पठित्वा पितामहवृद्धप्रपितामहपात्रेषु क्षिपेत् । पिण्डेषु गन्धादिकं दत्त्वा पिण्डचालनम् । अतिथिब्राह्मणे स्वदितादिप्रश्रः । ब्राह्मणानामाचमनम् । भुक्तिक्रमेण ताम्बूलदानम् । सुप्रोक्षितमस्तु शिवा आपः सन्तुवृद्धप्रपितामहक्रमेण ब्राह्मणहस्ते जलदानम् । गोत्रस्याक्षय्यमस्तु पितृब्राह्मणहस्ते उपतिष्टतामिति सतिजलदानम् ॥ १,२२०.

Then, water is offered to the gods and others; if a guest arrives, a guest śrāddha is performed. At this time, the scattering of offerings is done. After bowing to the ancestors beginning with the great-grandfather, the ancestral priest is addressed: 'Om, may it be tasted by you.' The mantra is recited: 'Om, to the ancestor of such-and-such lineage, my father, named such-and-such, together with his wife, this is your piṇḍa, and to those who follow you, svadhā; may the piṇḍa vessel be unbroken.' Then, after completing the resolve and the words for success, the piṇḍa is divided in two; reciting the two mantras 'ye samānāḥ sumanasaḥ,' the portions are placed in the vessels for the great-grandfather and the elders. After offering fragrance and other items to the piṇḍas, they are moved. The ancestral priest is addressed with the svadhā formula for the guest. The priests perform purification. After the meal, betel is given. May the water be well sprinkled; may it be auspicious. Water is given into the hands of the priest in order for the great-grandfather and elders. 'May the lineage be imperishable,' is said while offering water into the hands of the ancestral priest, with the words, 'May it be established.'

अघोराः पितरः सन्तु अस्त्वित्युक्ते स्वधां वाचयिण्य इति पितामाहदिब्राह्मणानुज्ञापनम् ॥ १,२२०.

When the words, 'May the ancestors be free from fear,' are spoken, the svadhā formula is recited, thus seeking the permission of the priests representing the great-grandfather and others.

ओं वाच्यतां इत्युक्ते ओं पितामहादिभ्यः स्वधोच्यताम् । अस्तु स्वधेत्युक्ते पितृब्राह्मण पितृभ्यः स्वधोच्यतामिति । अस्तु स्वधेत्युक्ते ओं ऊर्जं वहन्तीरिति दक्षिणाभिमुखवारिधारात्यागः । ओं विश्वेदेवा अस्मिन् यज्ञे प्रीयन्तामिति देवब्राह्मणहस्ते ओं यवोदकदानम् । ओं देवताभ्य इति त्रिर्जपः ॥ १,२२०.

When the words, 'Om, let it be spoken,' are said, the svadhā formula is recited for the great-grandfather and others. When 'Let there be svadhā' is spoken, the ancestral priest is asked to recite svadhā for the ancestors. When 'Let there be svadhā' is spoken, the mantra 'Om, carrying nourishment,' is recited, and water is poured facing south. The mantra 'Om, may all the gods be pleased with this sacrifice,' is recited, and barley-water is offered into the hands of the priest for the gods. The mantra 'Om, to the deities,' is recited three times.

पिण्डपात्राणि चालयित्वा आचम्य पितामहादिभ्यो दक्षिणां दत्त्वा ततः पितृ ब्राह्मणाय आशिषो मे प्रदीयन्तामित्याशीः प्रार्थनम् । प्रतिगृह्यतामित्युक्ते दातारो नोऽभिवर्धन्तामिति पात्रमुत्तानं कृत्वा वाजे वाजेदृविसर्जनम् । अभिरण्यतामिति पितृब्राह्मणविसर्जनम् ॥ १,२२०.

After moving the piṇḍa vessels and performing purification, gifts are given to the great-grandfather and others; then, to the ancestral priest, the request is made, 'May blessings be granted to me.' When 'May it be accepted' is spoken, the donor says, 'May the givers increase for us,' and the vessel is turned upright; in the sacrifice, the offering is made. 'May it be well sounded,' is said, and the ancestral priest is dismissed.

सपिण्डीकरणश्राद्धं व्यासप्रोक्तं मया तव । श्राद्धं विष्णुः श्राद्धकर्ता फलं श्राद्धादिकं हरिः ॥ १,२२०.

The sapiṇḍīkaraṇa śrāddha, as taught by Vyāsa, has been explained by me to you. Viṣṇu is the lord of śrāddha, the performer of śrāddha, and Hari is the giver of the fruit of śrāddha and related rites.

श्रीगरुडमहापुराणम् २२१ ब्रहामोवाच । धर्मसारमहं वक्ष्ये संक्षेपाच्छुणु शङ्कर । भुक्तिमुक्तिप्रदं सूक्ष्मं सर्वपापविनाशनम् ॥ १,२२१.

Brahmā said: I will now briefly declare the essence of dharma; listen, O Śaṅkara. It grants both enjoyment and liberation, is subtle, and destroys all sins.

श्रुतं धर्मं बलं धैर्यं सुखमुत्साहमेव च । शोको हरति वै नॄणां तस्माच्छोकं परित्यजेत् ॥ १,२२१.

Learning, virtue, strength, courage, happiness, and enthusiasm—sorrow takes these away from people; therefore, one should abandon sorrow.

कर्मदाराः कर्मलोकाः कर्मसम्बन्धिबान्धवाः । कर्माणि प्रेरयन्तीह पुरुषं सुखदुः खयोः ॥ १,२२१.

Wives are gained by karma, worlds are gained by karma, relatives connected by karma; actions impel a person here to both happiness and suffering.

दानमे परो धर्मो दानात्सर्वमवाप्यते । दानाःत्स्वर्गश्च राज्यञ्च दद्याद्दनं ततो नरः ॥ १,२२१.

Charity is the highest dharma; by charity, everything is attained. Through charity, one gains heaven and sovereignty; therefore, a person should give.

एकतो दानमेवाहुः समग्रवरदक्षिणम् । एकतो भयभीतस्य प्राणिनः प्राणरक्षणम् ॥ १,२२१.

On one side is charity alone, with all the best gifts; on the other, the protection of the life of a frightened being.

तपसा ब्रह्मचर्येण यज्ञैः स्नानेन वा पुनः । धर्मस्य नाशका ये च ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥ १,२२१.

By austerity, by celibacy, by sacrifices, or by bathing, those who destroy dharma go to hell.

ये च होमजपस्नानदेवतार्चनतत्पराः । सत्यक्षमादयायुक्तास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥ १,२२१.

Those who are devoted to oblations, recitation, bathing, and worship of deities, who are endowed with truth, forgiveness, and compassion—those people go to heaven.