Garuda Purana

सर्वरत्नाकरा भूमिर्धान्यानि पशवः स्त्रियः । अर्थस्य कार्ययोगित्वादर्थ इत्यभिधीयते ॥ १,२१३.

The earth, which contains all gems, grains, cattle, and women, is called 'wealth' because it is fit for purposeful action.

अद्रोहेणैव भूतानामल्पद्रोहेण वा पुनः । या वृत्तिस्तां समास्थाय विप्रो जीवेदनापदि ॥ १,२१३.

By not harming beings, or even by causing the least harm, the Brahmin should maintain himself by such a livelihood, in times of no distress.

धनं तु त्रिविधं ज्ञेयं शुक्लं शबलमेव च । कृष्णं च तस्य विज्ञेयो विभागः सप्तधा पृथक् ॥ १,२१३.

Wealth is to be known as threefold: pure, mixed, and dark; and its division is to be understood as sevenfold, separately.

क्रमायत्तं प्रीतिदत्तं प्राप्तं च सह भार्यया । अविशेषेण सर्वेषां वर्णानां त्रिविधं धनम् ॥ १,२१३.

Wealth acquired by succession, given out of affection, or obtained together with a wife—these three kinds of wealth pertain equally to all castes.

वैशेषिकं धनं दृष्टं ब्राह्मणस्य त्रिलक्षणम् । याजनाध्यापने नित्यं विशुद्धश्च (द्धाच्च) प्रतिग्रहः ॥ १,२१३.

The special wealth of a Brahmin is seen as threefold: from officiating at sacrifices, from teaching, and from pure acceptance of gifts.

त्रिविधं क्षत्रियस्यापि प्राहुर्वैशेषिकं धनम् । शुद्धार्थं लब्धकरजं दण्डाप्तं जयजं तथा ॥ १,२१३.

They declare that the wealth of a Kṣatriya is of three kinds: pure wealth, that obtained from taxes, and that acquired by conquest.

वैशेषिकं धनं दृष्टं वैश्यस्यापि विलक्षणम् । कृषिगोरक्षवाणिज्यं शूद्रस्यैभ्यस्त्वनुग्रहात् ॥ १,२१३.

Distinct forms of wealth are recognized for a Vaiśya: agriculture, cattle-rearing, and trade; for a Śūdra, these arise only by the favor of others.

कुसीदकृषिवाणिज्यं प्रकुर्वीत स्वयं परम् (कृतम्) । आपत्काले स्वयं कुर्वन्नैनसा युज्यते द्विजः ॥ १,२१३.

A Brāhmaṇa may himself engage in lending at interest, agriculture, or trade in times of distress; by doing so personally in such times, he incurs no sin.

बहवो वर्तनोपाया ऋषिभिः परिकीर्तिताः । सर्वेषामपि चैवैषां कुसीदमधिकं विदुः ॥ १,२१३.

Many means of livelihood have been described by the sages, but among them all, lending at interest is considered the best.

अनावृष्ट्या राजभयान्मूषिकाद्यैरुपद्रवैः । कृष्यादिके भवेद्बाधा सा कुसीदे न विद्यते ॥ १,२१३.

Obstacles such as drought, fear of rulers, or plagues of mice and the like may afflict agriculture and similar pursuits, but such troubles do not occur in lending at interest.

शुक्लपक्षे तथा कृष्णे रजन्यां दिवसेपि वा । उष्णे वर्षति शीते वा वर्धनं न निवर्तते ॥ १,२१३.

Whether in the bright or dark fortnight, by night or by day, in heat, rain, or cold, growth does not cease.

देशं गतानां या वृद्धिर्नानापण्योपजीविनाम् । कुसीदं कुर्वतः सम्यक्संस्थितस्यैव जायते ॥ १,२१३.

The profit gained by those who travel to different lands and live by various goods arises only for one who properly practices lending at interest.

लब्धलाभः पितॄन्देवान्ब्राह्मणांश्चैव पूजयेत् । ते तृप्तास्तस्य तद्दोषं शमयन्ति न संशयः ॥ १,२१३.

With the gain obtained, one should honor the ancestors, the gods, and the Brāhmaṇas; when they are satisfied, they dispel his faults—of this there is no doubt.

वणिक्कुसीदं दद्याद्यो वस्त्रं गाङ्काञ्चनादिकम् । कृषीवलोऽन्नपानादियानशय्यासनानि च ॥ १,२१३.

A merchant should give as interest cloth, grains, gold, and the like; a farmer should give food, drink, vehicles, beds, and seats.

राजभ्यो विंशतिं दत्त्वा पशुस्वर्णादिकं शतम् । पादेनास्य च यावक्यं कुर्यात्संचयमात्मवान् ॥ १,२१३.

After giving twenty to the king, and a hundred of cattle, gold, and the like, a prudent man should accumulate his wealth by a quarter at a time.

अर्धेन चात्मभरणं नित्यनैमित्तिकांन्वितम् । पादं चेत्यर्थयामस्य मूलभूतं विवर्धयेत् ॥ १,२१३.

With half, he should maintain himself, fulfilling both daily and occasional duties; with a quarter, he should increase the principal for future gain.

विद्या शिल्पं भूतिः सेवा गोरक्षा विपणिः कृषिः । वृत्तिर्भैक्ष्यं कुसीदं च दश जीवनहेतवः ॥ १,२१३.

Learning, arts, prosperity, service, cattle-rearing, trade, agriculture, mendicancy, and lending at interest—these are ten means of livelihood.

प्रतिग्रहार्जिता विप्रे क्षत्रिये शस्त्रनिर्जिता । वैश्ये न्यायार्जिताः स्वार्थाः शूद्रे शुश्रूषयार्जिताः ॥ १,२१३.

For a Brāhmaṇa, wealth is acquired by receiving gifts; for a Kṣatriya, by victory in battle; for a Vaiśya, by lawful means; for a Śūdra, by service.

नदी बहूदका शाकमृत्पर्णानि समित्कुशाः । आग्नेयो ब्रह्मघोषश्च विप्राणां धनमुत्तमम् ॥ १,२१३.

A river with abundant water, vegetables, roots, leaves, sacred fuel, kuśa grass, fire, and the sound of sacred recitation—these are the best wealth for Brāhmaṇas.

अयाचितोपपन्ने तु नास्ति दोषः प्रतिग्रहे । अमृतं तद्विदुर्देवास्तस्मात्तन्नैव वर्जयेत् ॥ १,२१३.

There is no fault in accepting what is offered unasked; the gods regard such as nectar, therefore one should not reject it.

गुरुद्रव्यांश्चौज्जिहीर्षुरर्चिष्यन्दे वतातिथीन् । सर्वतः प्रतिगृह्णीयान्न तुष्येत्तु स्वयं ततः ॥ १,२१३.

One who desires the property of the guru, or who honors guests, should accept gifts from all sides, but should not be pleased for his own sake.

साधुतः प्रतिगृह्णीयादथ वासाधुतो द्विजः । गुणवानल्पदोषश्च निर्गुणो हि निमज्जति ॥ १,२१३.

A Brāhmaṇa should accept gifts from the virtuous, and if not from the virtuous, then from those with good qualities and few faults; for one without virtue surely sinks.

एवं त्वक्षवृत्त्या वा कृत्वा भरणमात्मनः । कुर्याद्विशुद्धिं परतः प्रायश्चित्तं द्विजोत्तमः ॥ १,२१३.

Thus, having maintained himself by such means as lending at interest, the best of Brāhmaṇas should purify himself afterwards by expiation.

चतुर्थे च तथा भागे स्नानार्थं मृद माहरेत् । तिलपुष्पकुशादीनि स्नानं चाकृत्रिमे जले ॥ १,२१३.

In the fourth part of the day, one should collect clay for bathing; sesame, flowers, darbha grass and similar items are to be used for bathing in natural water.

नित्यं नैमित्तिकं काम्यं क्रियाङ्गं मलकर्षणम् । मार्जनाचमावगाहाश्चाष्टस्नानं प्रकीर्तितम् ॥ १,२१३.

The daily, occasional, and desire-based rites, as well as the cleansing of impurity, washing, sipping, and immersion—these eight are declared as types of bathing.

अस्नातस्तु पुमान्नार्हे जपाग्निहवनादिषु । प्रातः स्नानं तदर्थं तु नित्यस्नानं प्रकीर्तितम् ॥ १,२१३.

A person who has not bathed is not fit for recitation, fire offerings, and similar acts; therefore, morning bathing is prescribed as the daily bath for such purposes.

चाण्डालशवविष्ठाद्यान्स्पृष्ट्वा स्नानं रजस्वलाम् । स्नानार्हस्तु यदा स्नाति स्नानं नैमित्तिकं हि तत् ॥ १,२१३.

After touching a candala, corpse, excrement, or a menstruating woman, one must bathe; when one bathes in such circumstances, it is called an occasional bath.

पुष्यस्नानादिकं स्नानं दैवज्ञविधिचोदितम् । तद्धि काम्यं समुद्दिष्टं नाकामस्तत्प्रयोजयेत् ॥ १,२१३.

Baths such as the Pushya bath and others, prescribed by astrologers, are considered desire-based; one should not perform them without desire.

जप्तुकामः पवित्राणि अर्चिष्यन्देवतातिथीन् । स्नानं समाचरेद्यस्तु क्रियाङ्गं तच्च कीर्तितम् ॥ १,२१३.

One who wishes to recite, purify, worship deities, or honor guests should perform bathing; this is called a limb of ritual action.