पूर्वाह्न एव कुर्वीत देवतानां च पूजनम् । न विष्णोः परमो देवस्तस्मात्तं पूजयेत्सदा ॥ १,२१३.
One should perform the worship of the deities in the forenoon itself; there is no god superior to Vishnu, therefore one should always worship him.
ब्रह्मविष्णुशिवान्देवान्न पृथग्भावयेत्सुधीः । लोकेऽस्मिन्मङ्गलान्यष्टौ ब्राह्मणो गौर्हुताशनः ॥ १,२१३.
A wise person should not regard Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva as separate gods; in this world, the eight auspicious entities are: a Brahmin, a cow, fire, gold, clarified butter, the sun, water, and the king as the eighth.
हिरण्यं सर्पिरादित्य आपो राजा तथाष्टमः । एतानि सततं पश्येदर्चयेच्च प्रदक्षिणम् ॥ १,२१३.
One should always behold and worship these—gold, ghee, the sun, water, and the king as the eighth—circumambulating them to the right.
वेदस्याध्ययनं पूर्वं विचारोभ्यसनं जपः । तद्दानं चैव शिष्यभ्यो वेदाभ्यासो हि पञ्चधा ॥ १,२१३.
The study of the Veda, reflection, repeated practice, recitation, and giving it to disciples—thus, the study of the Veda is fivefold.
वेदार्थं यज्ञशास्त्राणि धर्मशास्त्राणि चैव हि । मूल्येन लेखयित्वा यो दद्याद्याति स वैदिकम् ॥ १,२१३.
Whoever, having written down the meaning of the Veda, the treatises on sacrifice, and the texts on dharma, and gives them for a price, attains the status of a Vedic scholar.
इतिहा सपुराणानि लिखित्वायः प्रयच्छति । ब्रह्मदानसमं पुण्यं प्राप्नोति द्विगुणीकृतम् ॥ १,२१३.
Whoever, having written the Itihasas and Puranas, gives them, obtains merit equal to the gift of knowledge, doubled.
मृतीये च तथा भागे पोष्यवर्गार्थसाधनम् । माता पिता गुरुर्भ्राता प्रजा दीनाः समाश्रिताः ॥ १,२१३.
In the third part likewise, the means of supporting dependents: mother, father, teacher, brother, offspring, the poor, and those who have taken refuge.
अभ्यागतोऽतिथिश्चाग्निः पोष्यवर्गा उदाहृतः । भरणं पोष्यवर्गस्य प्रशस्तं स्वर्गसाधनम् ॥ १,२१३.
A guest who has arrived, and fire, are also called dependents; the support of dependents is praised as a means to heaven.
भरणं पोष्य वर्गस्य तस्माद्यत्नेन कारयेत् । स जीवति वरश्चैको बहुभिर्योपजीव्यति ॥ १,२१३.
Therefore, one should strive to provide for dependents; for one person lives, and many are supported by him.
जीवन्तो मृतकास्त्वन्ये पुरुषाः स्वोदरम्भराः । स्वकीयोदरपूर्तिश्च कुक्कुरस्यापि विद्यते ॥ १,२१३.
Other men, though alive, are as good as dead who only feed themselves; even a dog fills its own belly.
अर्थेभ्योऽपि विवृद्धेभ्यः सम्भूतेभ्यस्ततस्ततः । क्रियाः सर्वाः प्रवर्तन्ते पर्वतेभ्य इवापगाः ॥ १,२१३.
From wealth, even when it increases and arises in various ways, all actions proceed, just as rivers flow from mountains.
सर्वरत्नाकरा भूमिर्धान्यानि पशवः स्त्रियः । अर्थस्य कार्ययोगित्वादर्थ इत्यभिधीयते ॥ १,२१३.
The earth, which contains all gems, grains, cattle, and women, is called 'wealth' because it is fit for purposeful action.
अद्रोहेणैव भूतानामल्पद्रोहेण वा पुनः । या वृत्तिस्तां समास्थाय विप्रो जीवेदनापदि ॥ १,२१३.
By not harming beings, or even by causing the least harm, the Brahmin should maintain himself by such a livelihood, in times of no distress.
धनं तु त्रिविधं ज्ञेयं शुक्लं शबलमेव च । कृष्णं च तस्य विज्ञेयो विभागः सप्तधा पृथक् ॥ १,२१३.
Wealth is to be known as threefold: pure, mixed, and dark; and its division is to be understood as sevenfold, separately.
क्रमायत्तं प्रीतिदत्तं प्राप्तं च सह भार्यया । अविशेषेण सर्वेषां वर्णानां त्रिविधं धनम् ॥ १,२१३.
Wealth acquired by succession, given out of affection, or obtained together with a wife—these three kinds of wealth pertain equally to all castes.
वैशेषिकं धनं दृष्टं ब्राह्मणस्य त्रिलक्षणम् । याजनाध्यापने नित्यं विशुद्धश्च (द्धाच्च) प्रतिग्रहः ॥ १,२१३.
The special wealth of a Brahmin is seen as threefold: from officiating at sacrifices, from teaching, and from pure acceptance of gifts.
त्रिविधं क्षत्रियस्यापि प्राहुर्वैशेषिकं धनम् । शुद्धार्थं लब्धकरजं दण्डाप्तं जयजं तथा ॥ १,२१३.
They declare that the wealth of a Kṣatriya is of three kinds: pure wealth, that obtained from taxes, and that acquired by conquest.
वैशेषिकं धनं दृष्टं वैश्यस्यापि विलक्षणम् । कृषिगोरक्षवाणिज्यं शूद्रस्यैभ्यस्त्वनुग्रहात् ॥ १,२१३.
Distinct forms of wealth are recognized for a Vaiśya: agriculture, cattle-rearing, and trade; for a Śūdra, these arise only by the favor of others.
कुसीदकृषिवाणिज्यं प्रकुर्वीत स्वयं परम् (कृतम्) । आपत्काले स्वयं कुर्वन्नैनसा युज्यते द्विजः ॥ १,२१३.
A Brāhmaṇa may himself engage in lending at interest, agriculture, or trade in times of distress; by doing so personally in such times, he incurs no sin.
बहवो वर्तनोपाया ऋषिभिः परिकीर्तिताः । सर्वेषामपि चैवैषां कुसीदमधिकं विदुः ॥ १,२१३.
Many means of livelihood have been described by the sages, but among them all, lending at interest is considered the best.
अनावृष्ट्या राजभयान्मूषिकाद्यैरुपद्रवैः । कृष्यादिके भवेद्बाधा सा कुसीदे न विद्यते ॥ १,२१३.
Obstacles such as drought, fear of rulers, or plagues of mice and the like may afflict agriculture and similar pursuits, but such troubles do not occur in lending at interest.
शुक्लपक्षे तथा कृष्णे रजन्यां दिवसेपि वा । उष्णे वर्षति शीते वा वर्धनं न निवर्तते ॥ १,२१३.
Whether in the bright or dark fortnight, by night or by day, in heat, rain, or cold, growth does not cease.
देशं गतानां या वृद्धिर्नानापण्योपजीविनाम् । कुसीदं कुर्वतः सम्यक्संस्थितस्यैव जायते ॥ १,२१३.
The profit gained by those who travel to different lands and live by various goods arises only for one who properly practices lending at interest.
लब्धलाभः पितॄन्देवान्ब्राह्मणांश्चैव पूजयेत् । ते तृप्तास्तस्य तद्दोषं शमयन्ति न संशयः ॥ १,२१३.
With the gain obtained, one should honor the ancestors, the gods, and the Brāhmaṇas; when they are satisfied, they dispel his faults—of this there is no doubt.
वणिक्कुसीदं दद्याद्यो वस्त्रं गाङ्काञ्चनादिकम् । कृषीवलोऽन्नपानादियानशय्यासनानि च ॥ १,२१३.
A merchant should give as interest cloth, grains, gold, and the like; a farmer should give food, drink, vehicles, beds, and seats.
राजभ्यो विंशतिं दत्त्वा पशुस्वर्णादिकं शतम् । पादेनास्य च यावक्यं कुर्यात्संचयमात्मवान् ॥ १,२१३.
After giving twenty to the king, and a hundred of cattle, gold, and the like, a prudent man should accumulate his wealth by a quarter at a time.
अर्धेन चात्मभरणं नित्यनैमित्तिकांन्वितम् । पादं चेत्यर्थयामस्य मूलभूतं विवर्धयेत् ॥ १,२१३.
With half, he should maintain himself, fulfilling both daily and occasional duties; with a quarter, he should increase the principal for future gain.
विद्या शिल्पं भूतिः सेवा गोरक्षा विपणिः कृषिः । वृत्तिर्भैक्ष्यं कुसीदं च दश जीवनहेतवः ॥ १,२१३.
Learning, arts, prosperity, service, cattle-rearing, trade, agriculture, mendicancy, and lending at interest—these are ten means of livelihood.
प्रतिग्रहार्जिता विप्रे क्षत्रिये शस्त्रनिर्जिता । वैश्ये न्यायार्जिताः स्वार्थाः शूद्रे शुश्रूषयार्जिताः ॥ १,२१३.
For a Brāhmaṇa, wealth is acquired by receiving gifts; for a Kṣatriya, by victory in battle; for a Vaiśya, by lawful means; for a Śūdra, by service.
नदी बहूदका शाकमृत्पर्णानि समित्कुशाः । आग्नेयो ब्रह्मघोषश्च विप्राणां धनमुत्तमम् ॥ १,२१३.
A river with abundant water, vegetables, roots, leaves, sacred fuel, kuśa grass, fire, and the sound of sacred recitation—these are the best wealth for Brāhmaṇas.