शूद्रस्य द्विजशुश्रूषा द्विजानामनुपूर्वशः । गुरौ वासोऽग्निशुश्रूषा स्वाध्यायो ब्रह्मचारिणः ॥ १,२१३.
For the Śūdra, service to twice-born, and for the twice-born, in order; dwelling with the teacher, tending the fire, and self-study are for the student.
त्रिः स्नाता स्नापिता भैक्ष्यं गुरौ प्राणान्तिकी स्थितिः । समेखलो जटी दण्डी मुण्डी वा गुरुसंश्रयः ॥ १,२१३.
Thrice bathed, bathed by others, begging, staying with the teacher until the end of life; with a girdle, matted hair, staff, or shaven head, resorting to the teacher.
अग्निहोत्रोपचरणं जीवनं च स्वकर्मभिः । धर्मदारेषु कल्पेत पर्ववर्जं रतिक्रियाः ॥ १,२१३.
Attending to the sacred fire, living by one's own duties; one should unite with one's lawful wife, except on festival days.
देवपित्रतितिभ्यश्च पूजादिष्वनुकल्पनम् । श्रुतिस्मृत्यर्थसंस्थानं धर्मोऽयं गृहमेधिनः ॥ १,२१३.
For gods, ancestors, and spirits, arranging worship and the like; establishing the meaning of the Vedas and Smṛtis—this is the dharma of the householder.
जटित्वमग्निहोत्रत्वं भूशय्याजिनधारणम् । वने वासः पयोमूलनीवारफलवृत्तिता ॥ १,२१३.
Wearing matted hair, performing the Agnihotra, sleeping on the ground, bearing the sacred thread, dwelling in the forest, subsisting on milk, roots, water, and fruits—
प्रतिषिद्धान्निवृत्तिश्च त्रिः स्नानं व्रतधारिता । देवतातिथिपूजा च धर्मोऽयं वनवासिनः ॥ १,२१३.
Abstaining from forbidden foods, bathing three times, observing vows, worshipping deities and guests—this is the dharma of one living in the forest.
सर्वारम्भपरित्यागो भिक्षान्नं वृक्षमूलता । निष्परिग्रहताद्रोहः समता सर्वजन्तुषु ॥ १,२१३.
Renouncing all undertakings, eating alms, living at the roots of trees, being free from possessions and hostility, maintaining equanimity toward all creatures—
प्रियाप्रियपरिष्वङ्गेसुखदुः खाधिकारिता । सबाह्याभ्यन्तरे शौचं वाग्यमो ध्यानचारिता ॥ १,२१३.
Being impartial toward pleasant and unpleasant embraces, toward happiness and sorrow, maintaining purity both outwardly and inwardly, restraint of speech, and practice of meditation—
सर्वैद्रियसमाहारो धारणाध्याननित्यता । भावसंशुद्धिरेत्येष परिव्राड्धर्म उच्यते ॥ १,२१३.
Gathering all the senses, constant practice of concentration and meditation, purification of one's disposition—this is called the dharma of the wandering ascetic.
अहिंसा सूनृता वाणी सत्यशौचे क्षमा दया । वर्णिनां लिङ्गिनां चैव सामान्यो धर्म उच्यते ॥ १,२१३.
Nonviolence, truthful speech, purity, patience, compassion—these are declared as the common dharma for both those of caste and those with marks of renunciation.
यथोक्तकारिणः सर्वे प्रयान्ति परमां गतिम् । आ बोधात्स्वपनं यावत्गृहिधर्मं च वच्मि ते ॥ १,२१३.
All those who act as prescribed attain the highest state; now, from awakening to sleep, I will tell you the dharma of the householder.
ब्राह्मे मुहूर्ते बुध्येत धर्मार्थौ चानुचिन्तयेत् । कायक्लेशांश्च तन्मूलान्वेदतत्त्वार्थमेव च ॥ १,२१३.
He should awaken during the Brahma hour and reflect upon dharma and wealth, as well as the bodily hardships rooted in them, and the true meaning of knowledge.
शर्वर्यन्ते समुत्थाय कृतशौचः समाहितः । स्नात्वा सन्ध्यामुपासीत सर्वकालमतन्द्रितः ॥ १,२१३.
At the end of the night, rising, purified and composed, having bathed, he should worship at the twilight, always diligent at all times.
प्रातः सन्ध्यामुपा सीत दन्तधावनपूर्विकाम् । उभे मूत्रपुरीषे च दिवा कुर्यादुदङ्मुखः ॥ १,२१३.
In the morning, he should worship at the twilight after cleaning his teeth; for both urination and defecation during the day, he should face north.
रात्रौ च दक्षिणे कुर्यादुभे सन्ध्ये यथा दिवा । छायायामन्धकारे वा रात्रौ वाहनि वा द्विजः ॥ १,२१३.
At night, he should face south for both, and at both twilights as during the day; whether in shade, darkness, at night, or during the day, the twice-born—
यथा तु समुखः कुर्यात्प्राणबाधाभयेषु च । गोमयाङ्गारवल्मीकफालाकृष्टे शुभे ॥ १,२१३.
Should act as prescribed, even in situations of danger to life, on ground purified by cow dung, charcoal, anthills, or freshly ploughed earth.
मार्गोपजीव्यच्छायासु न मूत्रं च पुरीषकम् । अन्तर्जलाद्देवगृहाद्वल्मीकान्मूषिकस्थलात् ॥ १,२१३.
He should not urinate or defecate in places used as roads, in shade, within water, in temples, anthills, or places inhabited by mice.
परेषां शौचशिष्टाच्च श्मशानाच्च मृदं त्यजेत् । एकां लिङ्गे मृदं दद्याद्वाम हस्ते मृदं द्विधा ॥ १,२१३.
He should avoid earth from others' cleansing, from cremation grounds; for one organ, give earth once, for two organs, give earth twice in the left hand.
उभयोर्द्वे च दातव्ये मूत्रशौचं प्रचक्षते । एकां लिङ्गे गुदे तिस्त्रस्तथा वामकरे दश ॥ १,२१३.
For both organs, two portions are to be given; this is called cleansing after urination. For one organ, three portions at the anus, and ten in the left hand.
पञ्च पादे दशैकस्मिन्करयोः सप्तमृत्तिकाः । अर्धप्रसृतिमात्रा तु प्रथमा मृत्तिका स्मृता ॥ १,२१३.
Five portions for the foot, ten for one hand, seven portions of earth; the first portion of earth is considered to be half a handful.
द्वितीया च तृतीया च तदर्धा परिकीर्तिता । उपविष्टस्तु विण्मूत्रं कर्तुं यस्तु न विन्दति ॥ १,२१३.
The second and third portions are said to be half of that; if one seated cannot perform cleansing after urine or feces—
स कुर्यादर्धशौचं तु स्वस्य शौचस्य सर्वदा । दिवा शौचस्य रात्र्यर्धं यद्वा पादो विधीयते ॥ १,२१३.
He should perform half-cleansing for himself at all times; for daytime cleansing, half at night, or a quarter is prescribed.
स्वस्थस्य तु यथोद्दिष्टमार्तः कुर्याद्यथाबलम् । वसा शुक्रमसृङ्मज्जा लाला विण्मूत्रकर्णविट् ॥ १,२१३.
A healthy person should perform as prescribed, but one who is ill should do as much as he is able; the impurities are fat, semen, blood, marrow, saliva, feces, urine, earwax, and excrement.
श्लेष्माश्रदूषिका स्वेदो द्वादशैते नृणां मलाः । मन्येत यावता शुद्धिं तावच्छौचं समाचरेत् ॥ १,२१३.
Phlegm, nasal mucus, sweat—these twelve are the bodily impurities of humans; one should maintain cleanliness until these are removed.
प्रमाणं शौचसंख्याया नादिष्टैरवशिष्यते । शौचं तु द्विविधं प्रोक्तं बाह्यमाभ्यन्तरं तथा ॥ १,२१३.
The prescribed number of acts of purification is not to be exceeded by those not instructed; cleanliness is said to be of two kinds: external and internal.
मृज्जलाभ्यां स्मृतं बाह्यं भावशुद्धिरथान्तरम् । त्रिराचामेदपः पूर्वं द्विः प्रमृज्यात्ततो मुखम् ॥ १,२१३.
External purity is achieved by washing with earth and water; internal purity is by mental clarity. First, one should rinse the mouth three times with water, then wipe the mouth twice.
संमृज्याङ्गुष्ठमूलेन त्रिभिरास्यमुपस्पृशेत् । अङ्गुष्ठेन प्रदेशिन्या घ्राणं पश्चादनन्तरम् ॥ १,२१३.
After wiping, one should touch the mouth three times with the base of the thumb; then, with the thumb and forefinger, touch the nose in order.
अङ्गुष्ठानामिकाभ्यां च चक्षुः श्रोत्रे पुनः पुनः । कनिष्ठाङ्गष्ठयोर्नाभिं हृदयं तु तलेन वै ॥ १,२१३.
With the thumb and ring finger, touch the eyes and ears repeatedly; with the little finger and thumb, touch the navel, and with the palm, the heart.
सर्वाभिस्तु शिरः पश्चाद्बाहू चाग्रेण संस्पृशेत् । ऋचो यजूंषि सामानि त्रिः पठन्प्रीणयेत्क्रमात् ॥ १,२१३.
With all the fingers, touch the head, then the arms with the fingertips; reciting the Ṛg, Yajur, and Sāma Vedas three times in order, one should offer reverence.
अथर्वाङ्गिरसौ पूर्वं द्विः प्रमार्ष्ट्यथ तन्सुखम् । इतिहासपुराणानि वेदाङ्गानि वेदाङ्गानि यथाक्रमम् ॥ १,२१३.
First, recite the Atharva and Āṅgiras hymns, then wipe twice for comfort; then, in order, the Itihāsas, Purāṇas, and the limbs of the Veda.