Garuda Purana

श्रुत्युक्तः परमो धर्मः स्मृतिशास्त्रगतोऽपरः । सिष्टाचारेण संप्राप्तस्त्रयो धर्माः सनातनाः ॥ १,२१३.

The supreme dharma is spoken in the Vedas, another is found in the Smṛti texts; the third is attained through the conduct of the virtuous—these three are eternal dharmas.

सत्यं दानं दयालोभो विद्येज्या पूजनं दमः । अष्टौ तानि पवित्राणि शिष्टाचारस्य लक्षणम् ॥ १,२१३.

Truth, giving, compassion, absence of greed, learning, worship, self-control—these eight are pure, the marks of virtuous conduct.

तेजोमयानि पूर्वेषां शरीराणीन्द्रियाणि च । न लिप्यते पातकेन पद्मपत्रमिवाम्भसा ॥ १,२१३.

The bodies and senses of the ancients were made of brilliance; they are not stained by sin, like a lotus leaf by water.

निवासमुख्या वर्णानां धर्माचाराः प्रकीर्तिताः । सत्यं यज्ञस्तपो दानमेतद्धर्मस्य लक्षणम् ॥ १,२१३.

The principal dwellings of the castes are the dharmas and practices declared; truth, sacrifice, austerity, giving—these are the marks of dharma.

अदत्तस्यानुपादानं दानमध्ययनं जपः । विद्या वित्तं तपः शौचं कुले जन्म त्वरोगिता ॥ १,२१३.

Not taking what is not given, giving, study, recitation; knowledge, wealth, austerity, purity, birth in a good family, freedom from disease.

संसारोच्छित्तिहेतुश्च धर्मादेव प्रवर्तते । धर्मात्सुखं च ज्ञानं च ज्ञानान्मोक्षोऽधिगम्यते ॥ १,२१३.

The cause of ending transmigration arises only from dharma; from dharma comes happiness and knowledge, and from knowledge liberation is attained.

इज्याध्ययनदानानि यथाशास्त्रं सनातनः । ब्रह्मक्षत्त्रियवैश्यानां सामान्यो धर्म उच्यते ॥ १,२१३.

Sacrifice, study, and giving, as prescribed by scripture, are the eternal common dharma for Brahmins, Kṣatriyas, and Vaiśyas.

याजनाध्ययने शुद्धे विशुद्धाच्च प्रतिग्रहः । वृत्तित्रयमिदं प्राहुर्मुनयः श्रेष्ठवर्णिनः ॥ १,२१३.

Pure officiating and study, and pure acceptance; these three ways of livelihood are declared by sages for those of the highest caste.

शस्त्रेणाजीवनं राज्ञो भूतानाञ्चाभिरक्षणम् । पाशुपाल्यं कृषिः पण्यं वैश्यस्याजीवनं स्मृतम् ॥ १,२१३.

Living by the sword is for the king, and protecting beings; tending cattle, farming, and trade are remembered as the livelihood of the Vaiśya.

शूद्रस्य द्विजशुश्रूषा द्विजानामनुपूर्वशः । गुरौ वासोऽग्निशुश्रूषा स्वाध्यायो ब्रह्मचारिणः ॥ १,२१३.

For the Śūdra, service to twice-born, and for the twice-born, in order; dwelling with the teacher, tending the fire, and self-study are for the student.

त्रिः स्नाता स्नापिता भैक्ष्यं गुरौ प्राणान्तिकी स्थितिः । समेखलो जटी दण्डी मुण्डी वा गुरुसंश्रयः ॥ १,२१३.

Thrice bathed, bathed by others, begging, staying with the teacher until the end of life; with a girdle, matted hair, staff, or shaven head, resorting to the teacher.

अग्निहोत्रोपचरणं जीवनं च स्वकर्मभिः । धर्मदारेषु कल्पेत पर्ववर्जं रतिक्रियाः ॥ १,२१३.

Attending to the sacred fire, living by one's own duties; one should unite with one's lawful wife, except on festival days.

देवपित्रतितिभ्यश्च पूजादिष्वनुकल्पनम् । श्रुतिस्मृत्यर्थसंस्थानं धर्मोऽयं गृहमेधिनः ॥ १,२१३.

For gods, ancestors, and spirits, arranging worship and the like; establishing the meaning of the Vedas and Smṛtis—this is the dharma of the householder.

जटित्वमग्निहोत्रत्वं भूशय्याजिनधारणम् । वने वासः पयोमूलनीवारफलवृत्तिता ॥ १,२१३.

Wearing matted hair, performing the Agnihotra, sleeping on the ground, bearing the sacred thread, dwelling in the forest, subsisting on milk, roots, water, and fruits—

प्रतिषिद्धान्निवृत्तिश्च त्रिः स्नानं व्रतधारिता । देवतातिथिपूजा च धर्मोऽयं वनवासिनः ॥ १,२१३.

Abstaining from forbidden foods, bathing three times, observing vows, worshipping deities and guests—this is the dharma of one living in the forest.

सर्वारम्भपरित्यागो भिक्षान्नं वृक्षमूलता । निष्परिग्रहताद्रोहः समता सर्वजन्तुषु ॥ १,२१३.

Renouncing all undertakings, eating alms, living at the roots of trees, being free from possessions and hostility, maintaining equanimity toward all creatures—

प्रियाप्रियपरिष्वङ्गेसुखदुः खाधिकारिता । सबाह्याभ्यन्तरे शौचं वाग्यमो ध्यानचारिता ॥ १,२१३.

Being impartial toward pleasant and unpleasant embraces, toward happiness and sorrow, maintaining purity both outwardly and inwardly, restraint of speech, and practice of meditation—

सर्वैद्रियसमाहारो धारणाध्याननित्यता । भावसंशुद्धिरेत्येष परिव्राड्धर्म उच्यते ॥ १,२१३.

Gathering all the senses, constant practice of concentration and meditation, purification of one's disposition—this is called the dharma of the wandering ascetic.

अहिंसा सूनृता वाणी सत्यशौचे क्षमा दया । वर्णिनां लिङ्गिनां चैव सामान्यो धर्म उच्यते ॥ १,२१३.

Nonviolence, truthful speech, purity, patience, compassion—these are declared as the common dharma for both those of caste and those with marks of renunciation.

यथोक्तकारिणः सर्वे प्रयान्ति परमां गतिम् । आ बोधात्स्वपनं यावत्गृहिधर्मं च वच्मि ते ॥ १,२१३.

All those who act as prescribed attain the highest state; now, from awakening to sleep, I will tell you the dharma of the householder.

ब्राह्मे मुहूर्ते बुध्येत धर्मार्थौ चानुचिन्तयेत् । कायक्लेशांश्च तन्मूलान्वेदतत्त्वार्थमेव च ॥ १,२१३.

He should awaken during the Brahma hour and reflect upon dharma and wealth, as well as the bodily hardships rooted in them, and the true meaning of knowledge.

शर्वर्यन्ते समुत्थाय कृतशौचः समाहितः । स्नात्वा सन्ध्यामुपासीत सर्वकालमतन्द्रितः ॥ १,२१३.

At the end of the night, rising, purified and composed, having bathed, he should worship at the twilight, always diligent at all times.

प्रातः सन्ध्यामुपा सीत दन्तधावनपूर्विकाम् । उभे मूत्रपुरीषे च दिवा कुर्यादुदङ्मुखः ॥ १,२१३.

In the morning, he should worship at the twilight after cleaning his teeth; for both urination and defecation during the day, he should face north.

रात्रौ च दक्षिणे कुर्यादुभे सन्ध्ये यथा दिवा । छायायामन्धकारे वा रात्रौ वाहनि वा द्विजः ॥ १,२१३.

At night, he should face south for both, and at both twilights as during the day; whether in shade, darkness, at night, or during the day, the twice-born—

यथा तु समुखः कुर्यात्प्राणबाधाभयेषु च । गोमयाङ्गारवल्मीकफालाकृष्टे शुभे ॥ १,२१३.

Should act as prescribed, even in situations of danger to life, on ground purified by cow dung, charcoal, anthills, or freshly ploughed earth.

मार्गोपजीव्यच्छायासु न मूत्रं च पुरीषकम् । अन्तर्जलाद्देवगृहाद्वल्मीकान्मूषिकस्थलात् ॥ १,२१३.

He should not urinate or defecate in places used as roads, in shade, within water, in temples, anthills, or places inhabited by mice.

परेषां शौचशिष्टाच्च श्मशानाच्च मृदं त्यजेत् । एकां लिङ्गे मृदं दद्याद्वाम हस्ते मृदं द्विधा ॥ १,२१३.

He should avoid earth from others' cleansing, from cremation grounds; for one organ, give earth once, for two organs, give earth twice in the left hand.

उभयोर्द्वे च दातव्ये मूत्रशौचं प्रचक्षते । एकां लिङ्गे गुदे तिस्त्रस्तथा वामकरे दश ॥ १,२१३.

For both organs, two portions are to be given; this is called cleansing after urination. For one organ, three portions at the anus, and ten in the left hand.

पञ्च पादे दशैकस्मिन्करयोः सप्तमृत्तिकाः । अर्धप्रसृतिमात्रा तु प्रथमा मृत्तिका स्मृता ॥ १,२१३.

Five portions for the foot, ten for one hand, seven portions of earth; the first portion of earth is considered to be half a handful.