Garuda Purana

समासाः षट्समाख्याताः स द्विजः कर्मधारयः । द्विगुस्त्रिवेदी ग्रामश्च अयं तत्पुरुषः स्मृतः ॥ १,२०६.

Six compounds are declared: karmadhāraya, dvigu, trivedī, grāma, and this is called tatpuruṣa.

तत्कृतश्च तदर्थश्च वृकभीतिश्च यद्धनम् । ज्ञानदक्षेण तत्त्वज्ञो बहुव्रीहिरथाव्ययी ॥ १,२०६.

That which is made, that which is for that, the fear of wolves, and that wealth. The one skilled in knowledge, the knower of truth, bahuvrīhi, and avyayi.

भावोऽधिस्त्रि यथोक्तं तु द्वन्द्वो देवर्षिमानवाः । तद्धिताः पाण्डवः शैवो ब्राहयं च ब्रह्मतादयः ॥ १,२०६.

The state, the superimposition, as stated; dvandva, the divine sages and men. Taddhita forms: Pāṇḍava, Śaiva, Brāhaya, and Brahmatā and others.

देवाग्निसखिपत्यंशुक्रोष्टुस्वायम्भुवः पिता । ना प्रशस्ताश्चरा गौर्ग्लौरबजन्ताश्च पुंस्यपि ॥ १,२०६.

Divine, fire, friendship, lordship, Śukra, Ṛṣṭu, Swayambhuva, father. Not praised are the moving ones, the cow, the bull, and those who are masculine.

हलन्तश्चाश्वयुक्क्ष्माभुङ्मरुत्क्रव्यान्मृगाविधः । आत्मा राजा युवा पन्थाः पूषब्रह्महणौ हली ॥ १,२०६.

Ending with 'hal', the horse, the yoke, the earth, the wind, the flesh-eater, the deer-kind. The self, the king, the youth, the path, Pūṣa, the slayer of Brahman, and 'hal'.

विड्वे धा उशनानड्वान्मधुलिट्काष्ठतट्तथा । बनवार्यस्थिवस्तूनि जगत्सामाहनी तथा ॥ १,२०६.

Excrement, urine, semen, honey, oil, wood from the cremation ground, as well as forest, water, bones, and objects of the world—these are all considered feminine.

कर्मसर्पिर्वपुस्तेज अज्झलन्ता नपुंसके । जाया जरा नदी लक्ष्मीः श्रीस्त्रीभूमिर्वधूरपि ॥ १,२०६.

Action, clarified butter, the body, fire, poison, and the neuter gender; wife, old age, river, fortune, prosperity, earth, and bride are also feminine.

भ्रूः पुनर्भूस्तथा धेनुः स्वसा माता च नौ स्त्रियः । वाक्स्रग्दिङ्मुत्क्रुधः प्रायो युवतिः कुकुभस्तथा ॥ १,२०६.

Eyebrow, rebirth, cow, sister, and mother are women; speech, blood, direction, anger, and generally a young woman, as well as the hips, are also feminine.

द्योदिवौ प्रावृषश्चैव सुमान उष्णिगस्त्रियाम् । गुणद्रव्यक्रियायोगात्स्त्रीलिङ्गांश्च वदामि ते ॥ १,२०६.

Heaven, day, the rainy season, Soma, the meter Ushnik—these are feminine by virtue of quality, substance, or action; thus I have told you the feminine forms.

शुक्लकीलालपाश्चैव शुचिश्च ग्रामणीः सुधीः । पटुः कमलभूः कर्ता सुमतो बहवः सुनौः ॥ १,२०६.

White, black, and red, pure, village chief, wise, clever, lotus-born, doer, intelligent, many, and good son—these are masculine.

सत्या नाग्न्यस्तथा पुंसो ह्यभक्षयत दीर्घपात् । सर्वविश्वोभ ये चोभौ एकोन्यान्यतराणि च ॥ १,२०६.

Truthful, serpent, and fire are masculine; those that are not to be eaten, those that fall far, all, universe, both, one less, and the other—these are masculine.

डतरो डतमो नेमस्त्वः समोऽथ सिमेतरौ । पूर्वश्चैवाधरश्चैव दक्षिणश्चोत्तरावरौ ॥ १,२०६.

Ḍatara and Ḍatama, Nema, Tvaḥ, Sama, and Simetara; Pūrva and Adhara, Dakṣiṇa and Uttarāvara—these are masculine.

परश्चान्तरमप्येतद्यत्त्यत्किमदसस्त्विदम् । युष्मदस्मत्तत्प्रथमचरमाल्पतयार्धकाः ॥ १,२०६.

Para and Antara are also such; yat, tat, kim, and adas are neuter; yuṣmat, asmat, tat—first, second, and third persons—are of the dual number.

तथा कतिपयो द्वौ चेत्येवं सर्वादयस्तथा । शृणोत्याद्या जुहोतिश्च जहातिश्च दधात्यपि ॥ १,२०६.

Similarly, a few, two, and so on, all the numbers; śṛṇoti (hears), juhoti (offers), jahāti (abandons), and dadhāti (places) as well.

दीप्यतिः स्तूयतिश्चैव पुत्त्रीयति धनीयति । त्रुट्यति म्रियते चैव चिचीषति निनीषति ॥ १,२०६.

Dīpyati (shines), stūyati (is praised), putrīyati (desires a son), dhanīyati (desires wealth), truṭyati (breaks), mriyate (dies), cicīṣati (wishes to collect), ninīṣati (wishes to lead).

सर्वे तिष्ठन्ति सर्वस्मै सर्वस्मात्सर्वन्तो गतः । सर्वेषां चैव सर्वस्मिन्नेवं विश्वादयस्तथा ॥ १,२०६.

All stand, for all, from all, ending in all; of all, in all—thus, words like viśva and others.

पूर्वे पूर्वाश्च पूर्वस्मात्पूर्वस्मिन्पूर्व ईरितः । सूत उवाच । सुप्तिङन्तुं सिद्धरूपं नाममात्रेण दर्शितम् । कात्यायनः कुमारात्तु श्रुत्वा विस्तरमब्रवीत् ॥ १,२०६.

Pūrva, pūrvā, pūrvasmāt, pūrvasmin, pūrva is said; Sūta said: The perfect forms of verbs have been shown by name alone; having heard the details from Kumāra, Kātyāyana explained further.

श्रीगरुडमहापुराणम् २०८ सूत उवाच । आर्यालक्ष्म त्वष्ट गणाः सदा जो विषमे न हि । षष्ठे जो न्लौ वापि भवेत्पदं षष्ठे द्वितीयलात् ॥ १,२०८.

Sūta said: The marks of the Āryā meter are as follows: the group called tvaṣṭa is always joined, not in odd positions; in the sixth, jo or nlau may occur, and the word in the sixth is from the second.

आदितः सप्तमे ह्रस्वा द्वितीयार्धे शरे ततः । त्रिगणाङ्घ्रिश्च पथ्या स्याद्विपुला वह्निलङ्घनात् ॥ १,२०८.

From the beginning, in the seventh, a short syllable; in the second half, a śara; the three groups and the foot are proper, and vipulā arises from the crossing of fire.

ग्मध्ये द्वितुर्यौ जौ चपला मुखपूर्वादिचापला । द्वितीयार्धे सजघना आर्याजातेश्च लक्षणम् ॥ १,२०८.

In the middle, the second is y, jau is capalā, from the beginning of the foot; in the second half, sajaghanā; these are the marks of the Āryā and Jāti meters.

आर्या प्रथमार्धलक्ष्म गीतिः स्याच्चेद्दलद्वये । उपगीतिर्द्वितीयार्धादुद्गीतिर्व्यत्ययाद्भवेत् ॥ १,२०८.

Āryā has the mark in the first half; if it is gīti, then in both halves; upagīti is from the second half, udgīti arises from the interchange.

आर्यागीतिश्चान्तगुरुर्गोतिजातेश्च लक्षणम् । षट्कला विषमे चेत्स्युः समेऽष्टौ न निरन्तराः । समा पराश्रिता न स्याद्वैतालीये रलौ गुरुः ॥ १,२०८.

Āryāgīti has a guru at the end; these are the marks of the Gotijāti meter; if there are six kalās in odd positions, eight in even, not continuous; samā is not dependent, and in Vaitālīya, there is a guru at the end.

अन्तेर्यौ पूर्ववदिदमौपच्छन्दसिकं मतम् ॥ १,२०८.

When the two y's are inside as before, this is considered the Aupacchandasika meter.

भाद्गौ स्यादापातलिका ज्ञेयाथो दक्षिणान्तिका । पराश्रितो द्वितीयो लः पादेषु निखिलेष्वपि ॥ १,२०८.

Bhādgau is to be known as āpātalikā, and likewise dakṣiṇāntikā; parāśrita is the second la, present in all feet.

उदीच्यवृत्तिरसमे प्राच्यवृत्तिस्तु युग्मके । सपञ्चमश्चतुर्थांशे युगपत्तौ प्रवृत्तकम् ॥ १,२०८.

The udīcya metre occurs unevenly, while the prācya metre is in pairs; with the fifth syllable in the fourth foot, both proceed together.

उदीच्याद्यङ्घ्रिसंयोगाद्युग्मपादैकपादिका । चारुहासिन्ययुग्माङ्घ्रौ वैतालीयस्य संग्रहः ॥ १,२०८.

From the union of the first foot of udīcya and the paired feet, arises the single-footed yugmapāda; in vaitālīya, both feet are charming and smiling, this is its collection.

वक्त्रं नाद्यान्नसौ स्यातां चतुर्थाद्यगणो भवेत् । पथ्यावक्त्रं जेन समे विपरीतादिरन्यथा ॥ १,२०८.

The face should not begin with na; the fourth foot should have a gaṇa; pathyā face is with ja in the same, otherwise it is reversed or different.

उसमे नश्च चपला विपुला लघुसप्तमा । निखिले वा सैतवस्य म्रौ न्तौ चाब्धेस्तत्पूर्वकौ ॥ १,२०८.

In usame, na, and capalā, vipulā is the seventh laghu; in all, saitava has mrau and tau, and in the ocean, those two are preceded by tat.

षोडशलोऽचलधृतिर्मात्रासमकमुच्यते ॥ १,२०८.

Sixteen syllables, with acala-dhṛti, are said to be equal in mātrā.