Garuda Purana

दाहस्तृष्णाम्लिका मूर्छा विड्भेदः पित्तजन्मनाम् । वातजानामुदावर्तः कम्पहृद्गहलोलताः ॥ १,१५९.

Burning, thirst, sourness, fainting, and diarrhea arise in those born of bile; in those born of wind, reversal, trembling, heart pain, and restlessness occur.

शूलमुन्निद्राता शोषः श्वासः कासञ्च जायते । शराविका कच्छपिका ज्वालिनी विनतालजी ॥ १,१५९.

From the rising of the trident (śūla), there arise dryness, breathlessness, and coughing; the conditions called śarāvikā, kacchapikā, jvālinī, and vinatālajī also manifest.

मसूरिका सर्षपिका पुत्रिणी सविदारिका । विद्रधिश्चेति पिडिकाः प्रमेहोपेक्षया दश ॥ १,१५९.

Masūrikā, sarṣapikā, putriṇī, and savidārikā, along with vidradhi—these ten types of eruptions (piḍikāḥ) occur as a result of neglecting prameha.

अन्नस्य कफसंश्लेषात्प्रायस्तत्र प्रवर्तनम् । स्वाद्वम्ललवणस्निग्धगुरुपिच्छिलशीतम् ॥ १,१५९.

Due to the admixture of kapha in food, there is generally the onset of these conditions; especially with sweet, sour, salty, unctuous, heavy, slimy, and cold foods.

नवं धान्यं सुरासूपमांसेक्षुगुडगोरसम् । एकस्थानासनवति शयनं विनिवर्तनम् ॥ १,१५९.

New grains, wine, soups, meat, sugarcane, jaggery, and milk products, as well as sitting in one place and lying down—these should be avoided.

बस्तिमाश्रित्य कुरुते प्रमेहाद्दूषितः कफः । दूषयित्वा वपुः क्लेदं स्वेदमेदोवसामिषम् ॥ १,१५९.

Kapha, corrupted by prameha, settles in the bladder; after corrupting the body, it affects moisture, sweat, fat, marrow, and flesh.

पित्तं रक्तमतिक्षीणे कफादौ मूत्रसंश्रयम् । धातुं बस्तिमुपानीय तत्क्षयेच्चैव मारुतः ॥ १,१५९.

When pitta and blood are greatly diminished, kapha first takes refuge in the urine; then, having reached the tissue in the bladder, when that is depleted, vāta arises.

साध्यासाध्यप्रतीत्याद्याः मेहास्तेनैव तद्भवाः । समे समकृता दोषे परमत्वात्तथापि च ॥ १,१५९.

Thus, the types of prameha are determined by their curability or incurability; even when the doṣas are equally involved, due to their predominance, distinctions remain.

सामान्य लक्षणन्तेषां प्रभूताविलमूत्रता । दोषदूष्या विशेषेऽपि तत्संयोगविशेषतः ॥ १,१५९.

Their general symptom is the excessive and turbid nature of the urine; even though the doṣas and affected tissues differ, the specific combinations produce variations.

मूत्रवर्णादिभेदेन भेदो मेहेषु कल्प्यते । अच्छं बहुसितं शीतं निर्गन्धमुदकोपमम् ॥ १,१५९.

The types of prameha are distinguished by differences in the color and other qualities of the urine: clear, very white, cold, odorless, and resembling water.

मेहत्युदकमेहेन किञ्चिदाविलपिच्छिलम् । इक्षो रसमिवात्यर्थं मधुरं चेक्षुमेहतः ॥ १,१५९.

In udakameha, the urine is watery, slightly turbid, and slimy; in ikṣumeha, it is exceedingly sweet, like the juice of sugarcane.

सान्द्री भवेत्पर्युषितं सान्द्रमेहेन मेहति । सुरामेही सुरातुल्यमुपर्यच्छमधोघनम् ॥ १,१५९.

In sāndrameha, the urine becomes thick and stale; in surāmeha, it is like wine—clear on top and dense below.

सहृष्टरोमा पिष्टेन पिष्टबद्बहुलं सितम् । शुक्राभं शुक्रमिश्रं वा शुक्रमेही प्रमेहति ॥ १,१५९.

In śukrameha, the person experiences hair standing on end; the urine is thick and white like flour, resembling semen or mixed with semen.

मूत्रयेत्सिकतामेही सिकतारूपिणो मलान् । शीतमेही सुबहुशो मधुरं भृशशीतलम् ॥ १,१५९.

In sikatāmeha, the urine contains sandy particles; in śītameha, it is abundant, sweet, and very cold.

शनैः शनैः शनैर्मेही मन्दं मन्दंप्रमेहति । लालातन्तुयुतं मूत्रं लालामेहेन पिच्छिलम् ॥ १,१५९.

In śanairmeha, urination occurs slowly and gradually; in lālāmeha, the urine is slimy and mixed with threads of saliva.

गन्धवर्णरसस्पर्शेः क्षारेण क्षारतोयवत् । नीलमेहन नीलाभं कालमेही मसीनिभम् ॥ १,१५९.

In kṣārameha, the urine resembles alkaline water in smell, color, taste, and touch; in nīlameha, it is blue, and in kālameha, it is black like ink.

सन्धिमर्मसु जायन्ते मांसलेषु च धामसु । अन्तोन्नता मध्यनिन्मा अक्लेदसुरुजान्विता ॥ १,१५९.

Eruptions appear at the joints, vital spots, and muscular channels; they are raised at the edges, sunken in the middle, dry, and painless.

शरावमानसंस्थाना पिडिका स्याच्छराविका । सदाहा कूर्मसंस्थाना ज्ञेया कच्छपिका बुधैः ॥ १,१५९.

The eruption called śarāvikā is shaped like a shallow dish; kacchapikā is always burning and, according to the wise, resembles a tortoise.

महती पिडिका नीला विनता नाम सा स्मृता । दहति त्वचमुत्थाने ज्वालिनी कष्टदायिनी ॥ १,१५९.

A large, blue eruption is known as vinatā; jvālinī arises on the skin with burning and causes severe pain.

रक्ता सिता स्फोटचिता दारुणा त्वलजी भवेत् । मसूराकृति संस्थाना विज्ञेया तु मसूरिका ॥ १,१५९.

Red, white, with bursting blisters, and severe—such is the appearance of masūrikā, which resembles the shape of a lentil.

सर्षपोपमसंस्थाना जिह्वापाकमहारुजा । पुत्रिणी महती चाल्पा सुसूक्ष्मा पिडिका स्मृता ॥ १,१५९.

Resembling mustard seeds in form, with severe pain and ulceration of the tongue, the pustule called putriṇī is described as large, small, or very minute.

विदारीकन्दवद्वृत्ता कठिना च विदारिका । विद्रधेर्लक्षणैर्युक्ता ज्ञेया विद्रधिका तु सा ॥ १,१५९.

Round like the root of vidārī, hard, and possessing the features of an abscess—this is to be known as vidradhikā.

पुत्रिणी च विदारी च दुः सहा बहुमेदसः । सद्यः पित्तोल्बणास्त्वन्याः सम्भवन्त्यल्पमेदसः ॥ १,१५९.

Putriṇī and vidārī are difficult to endure and occur in those with much fat; the others, dominated by pitta, arise in those with little fat.

पिडिकास्ता भवेयुः स्याद्दोषोद्रेको यथायथम् । प्रमेहेण विनाप्येता जायन्ते दुष्टमेदसः ॥ १,१५९.

These pustules manifest according to the aggravation of the doṣas; even without diabetes, they arise from corrupted fat.

तावच्च नोपलक्ष्यन्ते यावद्वर्णञ्च वर्जितम् । हारिद्रं रक्तवर्णं वा मेहप्राग्रूपवर्जितम् ॥ १,१५९.

They are not noticed as long as there is no change in color; yellow or red coloration, or absence of the early signs of diabetes, should be noted.

यो मूत्रयेत तन्महें रक्तपित्तन्तु तद्विदुः । स्वेदोऽङ्गगान्धः शिथिलत्वमङ्गे श्य्याशनस्वप्नसुखाभिषङ्गः । हृन्नेत्रजिह्वाश्रवणोपदाहा घनोग्रता केशनखाभिवृद्धिः ॥ १,१५९.

One who passes urine of such a kind is said to have raktapitta; symptoms include sweating, body odor, looseness of limbs, drowsiness, craving for food and sleep, burning in the heart, eyes, tongue, and ears, heaviness, and excessive growth of hair and nails.

शीतप्रियत्वं गलतालुशोषो माधुर्य मास्ये करपाददाहः । भविष्यतो मेहगणस्य रूपं मूत्रेऽपि धावन्ति पिपीलिकाश्च ॥ १,१५९.

Fondness for cold, dryness of the throat and palate, sweetness in the mouth, burning in the hands and feet—these are signs of impending diabetes; ants are also seen attracted to the urine.

तृष्णा प्रमेहे मधुरं प्रपिच्छं मध्वामये स्याद्विविधोविकारः । सम्पूरणाद्वा कफसम्भवः स्यात्क्षीणेषु दोषेष्वनिलात्मको वा ॥ १,१५९.

Thirst in diabetes, sweetness, and stickiness in the mouth, and various disorders occur; from fullness, it arises from kapha, and when the doṣas are depleted, it is of vāta nature.

सम्पूर्णरूपाः कफपित्तमेहाः क्रमेण ये वै रतिसम्भवाश्च । सक्रामते पित्तकृतास्तु याप्याः साध्योऽस्ति मेहो यदि नास्ति दिष्टम् ॥ १,१५९.

Those cases of diabetes caused by kapha and pitta, manifesting fully and gradually, and those arising from sexual activity, are chronic if caused by pitta; diabetes is curable if not ordained by fate.