Garuda Purana

निदानं पूर्वरूपाणि रूपाण्युपशयस्तथा । संप्राप्तिश्चैति विज्ञानं रोगाणां पञ्चधा स्मृतम् ॥ १,१४६.

The knowledge of diseases is considered fivefold: cause, prodromal signs, symptoms, alleviation, and progression.

निमित्तहेत्वायतनप्रत्ययोत्थानकारणैः । निदानमाहुः पर्यायैः प्राग्रूपं येन लक्ष्यते ॥ १,१४६.

The cause is described by synonyms such as sign, reason, locus, condition, and origin; the prodrome is that by which it is recognized beforehand.

उत्पित्सुरामयो दोषविशेषेणानधिष्ठितः । लिङ्गमव्यक्तमल्पत्वाद्व्याधीनां तद्यथायथम् ॥ १,१४६.

When a disease is about to arise, but is not yet established due to a specific disturbance of the humors, its signs are indistinct and slight, varying according to the disease.

तदेव व्यक्ततां यातं रूपमित्यभिधीयते । संस्थानां व्यञ्जनं लिङ्गं लक्षणं चिह्नमाकृतिः ॥ १,१४६.

When those same signs become manifest, it is called the symptom; form, indication, sign, mark, and appearance are its synonyms.

हेतुव्याधिविपर्यस्तविपर्यस्तार्थकारिणाम् । औषधान्नविहाराणामुपयोगं सुखावहम् ॥ १,१४६.

The proper use of medicines, food, and regimen, which counteract or reverse the cause and disease, brings relief and comfort.

विद्यादुपशयं व्याधेः स हि सात्म्यमिति स्मृतः । विपरीतोऽनुपशयो व्याध्यसात्म्येतिसंज्ञितः ॥ १,१४६.

One should know that alleviation of disease is called suitability; the opposite, which aggravates the disease, is termed unsuitability.

यथा दुष्टेन दोषेण यथा चानुविसर्पता । निर्वृत्तिरामयस्यासौ संप्राप्तिरभिधीयते ॥ १,१४६.

The course of a disease is described as the process by which, through a corrupted humor or its spread, the disease comes to fruition.

संख्याविकल्पप्राधान्यबलकालविशेषतः । सा भिद्यते यथात्रैव वक्ष्यन्तेऽष्टौ ज्वरा इति ॥ १,१४६.

This progression is distinguished by number, variation, predominance, strength, time, and other specifics, as will be explained here, such as the eight types of fever.

दोषाणां समवेतानां विकल्पोशांशकल्पना । स्वातन्त्र्यपारतन्त्र्याभ्यां व्याधेः प्राधान्यमादिशेत् ॥ १,१४६.

The variation of the humors, their combinations, and the estimation of their parts, as well as independence or dependence, indicate the predominance of a disease.

हेत्वादिकार्त्स्न्यावयवैर्बलाबलविशेषषणम् । नक्तन्दिनार्धभुक्तांशैर्व्याधिकालो यथामलम् ॥ १,१४६.

The time of disease is determined by the completeness or partial presence of causes and other factors, by distinctions of strength and weakness, and by the portions of day, night, or after eating.

इति प्रोक्तो निदानार्थः स व्यासेनोपदेक्ष्यते । सर्वेषामेव रोगाणां निदानं कुपिता मलाः ॥ १,१४६.

Thus the meaning of cause has been explained; Vyāsa will further instruct on this. The cause of all diseases is the aggravation of the humors.

तत्प्रकोपस्य तु प्रोक्तं विविधाहितसेवनम् । अहितस्त्रिविधो योगस्त्रयाणां प्रागुदाहृतः ॥ १,१४६.

The various improper usages that provoke this aggravation have been described; the threefold improper conjunctions of the three (humors) were mentioned earlier.

तिक्तोषणकषायाम्लरूक्षाप्रमितयोजनैः । धावनोदीरणनिशाजागरात्युच्चभाषणैः ॥ १,१४६.

By the excessive use of bitter, pungent, astringent, sour, dry, or insufficient foods, by running, excitement, staying awake at night, or speaking too loudly,

क्रियाभियोगबीशोकचिन्ताव्यायाममैथुनैः । ग्रीष्माहोरात्रभुक्त्यन्ते प्रकुप्यति समीरणः ॥ १,१४६.

By overexertion in action, fear, grief, anxiety, exercise, or sexual activity, and by eating at the end of summer days and nights, wind (vāta) is aggravated.

पित्तं कट्वालतीक्ष्णोष्णकटुक्रोधविदाहिभिः । शरन्मध्याह्नरात्र्यर्धविदाहसमयेषु च ॥ १,१४६.

Bile (pitta) is aggravated by pungent, salty, sharp, hot, spicy foods, by anger, by burning sensations, and during autumn, midday, and midnight.

स्वाद्वम्ललवणस्निग्धगुर्वभिष्यन्दिशीतलैः । आस्यास्वप्नसुखाजीर्णदिवास्वप्नादिबृंहणैः ॥ १,१४६.

With foods that are sweet, sour, salty, unctuous, heavy, causing discharge, and cool; that bring pleasure to the mouth and sleep, are hard to digest, and that nourish when eaten during the day or before sleep—

प्रिच्छर्दनाद्ययोगेन भुक्तान्नस्याप्यजीर्णके । पूर्वाह्ने पूर्वरात्रे च श्लेष्मा वक्ष्यामि सङ्करान् ॥ १,१४६.

Through improper practices such as forced vomiting after eating, even when food is undigested, especially in the morning and early night, I will now describe the disorders of phlegm that arise.

मिश्रीभावात्समस्तानां सन्निपातस्तथा पुनः । संकीर्णाजीर्णविषमविरुद्धाद्यशनादिभिः ॥ १,१४६.

When all these are mixed together, there arises a combined disorder; likewise, from eating incompatible, poorly digested, irregular, or mutually antagonistic foods.

व्यापन्नमद्यपानीयशुष्कशाकाममूलकैः । पिण्याकमृत्यवसरपूतिशुष्ककृशमिषैः ॥ १,१४६.

By consuming spoiled wine, water, dried vegetables, roots, oil-cakes, rotten meat, putrid, dried, or emaciated fish—

दोषत्रयकरैस्तैस्तैस्तथान्नपरिवर्ततः । धातोर्दुष्टात्पुरो वाताद्द्विग्रहावेशविप्लवात् ॥ १,१४६.

By these and other foods that disturb the three humors, or from corrupted bodily tissues, or from wind due to conflict, possession, or agitation—

दुष्टामान्नैरतिश्लैष्मग्रहैर्जन्मर्क्षपीडनात् । मिथ्यायोगाच्च विविधात्पापानाञ्च निषेवणात् । स्त्रीणां प्रसववैषम्यात्तथा मिथ्योपचारतः ॥ १,१४६.

From corrupted food, excessive phlegm, planetary afflictions at birth, improper practices, indulgence in various sins, irregularities during childbirth for women, and improper treatments—

प्रतिरोगमिति क्रुद्धा रोगविध्यनुगामिनः । रसायनं प्रपद्याशु दोषा देहे विकुर्वते ॥ १,१४६.

When the humors, angered by these diseases, follow the course of illness, one should quickly resort to rejuvenation therapy, for the humors soon become disturbed in the body.

श्रीगरुडमहापुराणम् १४७ धन्वन्तरिरुवाच । वक्ष्ये ज्वरनिदानं हि सर्वज्वरविबुद्धये । ज्वरो रोगपतिः पाप्मा मृत्युराजोऽशनोऽन्तकः । क्रुद्धदक्षाध्वरध्वंसिरुद्रोर्ध्वनयनोद्भवः ॥ १,१४७.

Dhanvantari said: I shall now explain the origin of fever, for the understanding of all fevers. Fever is the lord of diseases, sin, king of death, the devourer, the ender; it arose from the wrath of Rudra, who destroyed Daksha’s sacrifice.

तत्सन्तापो मोहमयः सन्तापात्मापचारजः । विविधैर्नामभिः क्रूरो नानायोनिषु वर्तते ॥ १,१४७.

That fever, full of burning and delusion, born of transgression, is fierce and known by many names, and manifests in various forms among all beings.

पाकलो गजेष्वभितापो वाजिष्वलर्कः कुक्रुरेषु । इन्द्रमदो जलदेष्वप्सु नीलिका ज्योतिरोषधीषु भूम्यामूषरो नाम ॥ १,१४७.

In elephants it is called Pākala, in horses Abhitāpa, in donkeys Alarka, in dogs Kukrura; in clouds Indramada, in water Nīlikā, in luminous herbs Jyoti, and in the earth Ūṣara.

हृल्लासश्छर्दनं कासः स्तंभः शैत्य त्वगादिषु । अङ्गेषु च समुद्भूताः पिडकाश्च कफोद्भवे ॥ १,१४७.

Nausea, vomiting, cough, stiffness, coldness, and eruptions on the skin and limbs—these arise from phlegm.

काले यथास्वं सर्वेषां प्रवृत्तिर्वृद्धिरेव वा । निदानोक्तोनुपशयो विपरीतोपशायिता ॥ १,१४७.

In each season, the onset and increase of all these occur as appropriate; the alleviation is as stated in the causes, and the opposite brings relief.

अरुचिश्चाविपाकश्च स्तंभमालस्यमेव च । हृद्दाहश्च विपाकश्च तन्द्रा चालस्यमेव च । वस्तिर्विमर्दावनया दोषाणामप्रवर्तनम् ॥ १,१४७.

Loss of appetite, indigestion, stiffness, and lethargy; burning in the heart, improper digestion, drowsiness, and fatigue; distension, pain, and inactivity of the humors—these are their signs.

लालाप्रसेको हृल्लासः क्षुन्नाशो रसदं मुखम् । स्वच्छमुष्णगुरुत्वञ्च गात्राणां बहुमूत्रता । न विजीर्णं न च म्लानिर्ज्वरस्यामस्य लक्षणम् ॥ १,१४७.

Excessive salivation, nausea, loss of hunger, tastelessness in the mouth, clarity, heat, and heaviness of the limbs, frequent urination—these are not signs of digested food nor of malaise, but are symptoms of undigested fever.