Garuda Purana

त्यजन्ति मित्राणि धनैर्विहीनं पुत्राश्च दाराश्च सुहृज्जनाश्च । ते चार्थवन्तं पुनराश्रयन्ति ह्यर्थो हि लोके पुरुषस्य बन्धुः ॥ १,१११.

Friends, sons, wives, and companions abandon a man deprived of wealth; but they return to one who has wealth—indeed, in this world, wealth is a man's true kin.

अन्धा हि राजा भवति यस्तु सास्त्रविवर्जितः । अन्धः पश्यति चारेण शास्त्रहीनो न पश्यति ॥ १,१११.

A king without knowledge of scripture is truly blind; a blind man can see with a guide, but one without scripture cannot see at all.

यस्य पुत्राश्च भृत्याश्च मन्त्रिणश्च पुरोहिताः । इन्द्रियाणि प्रसुप्तानि तस्य राज्यं चिरं न हि ॥ १,१११.

If a man's sons, servants, ministers, and priests, as well as his senses, are asleep, his kingdom will not endure long.

येनार्जितास्त्रयोऽप्योऽप्येते पुत्रा भृत्याश्च बान्धवाः । जिता तेन समं भूपैश्चतुरब्धिर्वसुन्धरा ॥ १,१११.

He by whom these three—sons, servants, and relatives—are acquired, along with the earth, rules the land equally with other kings for four ages.

लङ्घयेच्छास्त्रयुक्तानि हेतुयुक्तानि यानि च । सहि नश्यति वै राजा इह लोके परत्र च ॥ १,१११.

He who disregards what is established by scripture and reason perishes in this world and the next, along with his kingdom.

मनस्तापं न कुर्वीत आपदं प्राप्य पार्थिवः । समबुद्धिः प्रसन्नात्मा प्रसन्नात्मा सुखदुःखे समो भवेत् ॥ १,१११.

A king should not be distressed in mind when adversity arises; with even-mindedness and a clear heart, he should remain the same in happiness and sorrow.

धीराः कष्टमनुप्राप्य न भवन्ति विषादिनः । प्रविश्य वदनं राहोः किं नोदति पुनः शशी ॥ १,१११.

The steadfast do not become despondent when hardship comes; does not the moon, after entering the mouth of Rāhu, rise again?

धिग्धिक्शरीरसुखलालितमानवेषु मा खेदयेद्धनकृशं हि शरीरमेव । सद्दारका ह्यधनपाण्डुसुताः श्रुता हि दुःखं विहाय पुनरेव सुखं प्रपन्नाः ॥ १,१११.

Fie upon those who pamper the body for fleeting pleasure; let one not grieve over lack of wealth, for the body itself is frail. Even those with wives and children, like the sons of Pāṇḍu, are known to have abandoned suffering and attained happiness again.

गन्धर्वविद्यामालोक्य वाद्यं च गणिकागणान् । धनुर्वेदार्थशास्त्राणि लोके रक्षेच्च भूपतिः ॥ १,१११.

Having observed the arts of the Gandharvas, music, and the assemblies of courtesans, a king should also protect the sciences of archery and statecraft in the world.

कारणेन विना भृत्ये यस्तु कुप्यति पार्थिवः । स गृह्णाति विषोन्मादं कृष्णसर्पविसर्जितम् ॥ १,१११.

A king who becomes angry with a servant without cause takes on the madness of poison released by a black serpent.

चापलाद्वारयेद्दृष्टिं मिथ्यावाक्यञ्च वारयेत् । मानवे श्रोत्रिये चैव भृत्यवर्गे सदैव हि ॥ १,१११.

One should restrain the gaze from restlessness and avoid false speech, especially towards men, learned Brahmins, and always towards the group of servants.

लीलां करोति यो राजा भृत्यस्वजनगर्वितः । शासने सर्वदा क्षिप्रं रिपुभिः परिभूयते ॥ १,१११.

A king who, proud of his servants and kin, acts playfully in governance is always quickly overpowered by his enemies.

हुङ्कारे भृकुटीं नैव सदा कुर्वीत पार्थिवः । विना दोषेण यो भृत्यान्राजाधमण शास्ति च । लीलासुखानि भोग्यानि त्यजेदिह महीपतिः ॥ १,१११.

A king should never display anger or frown in mere words; he who punishes servants without fault is a base ruler. The enjoyments of idle pleasures should be abandoned by the king here.

सुखप्रवृत्तैः साध्यन्तै शत्रवो विग्रहे स्थितैः ॥ १,१११.

Enemies who are established in conflict are to be subdued by those who are engaged in pleasure and success.

उद्योगः साहसंधैर्यं बुद्धिः शक्तिः पराक्रमः । षड्विधो यस्य उत्साहस्तस्य देवोऽपि शङ्कते ॥ १,१११.

Diligence, enterprise, courage, intelligence, strength, and valor—he who possesses these six kinds of enthusiasm causes even the gods to be wary.

उद्योगेन कृते कार्ये सिद्धर्यस्य न विद्यते । दैवं तस्य प्रमाणं हि कर्तव्यं पौरुषं सदा ॥ १,१११.

When a task is accomplished through effort but success is not attained, then fate is the measure; yet, one must always act with human effort.

श्रीगरुडमहापुराणम् ११२ सूत उवाच । भृत्या बहुविधा ज्ञेया उत्तमाधममध्यमाः । नियोक्तव्या यथार्हेषु त्रिविधेष्वेव कर्मसु ॥ १,११२.

Sūta said: Servants are of many kinds—superior, inferior, and middling; they should be appointed to tasks according to their merit in these three categories of work.

भृत्ये परिक्षणं वक्ष्ये यस्ययस्य हि यो गुणः । तमिमं संप्रवक्ष्यामि ये यथाकथितं किल ॥ १,११२.

I will explain the examination of servants, and the qualities of each; I will now describe them as they have been traditionally told.

यथा चतुर्भिः कनकं परीक्ष्यते निघर्षणच्छेदनतापताडनैः । तथा चतुर्भिर्भृतकं परीक्षयेद्वतेन शीलेन कलेन कर्मणा ॥ १,११२.

Just as gold is tested by four means—rubbing, cutting, heating, and beating—so too should a servant be tested by four things: conduct, character, time, and work.

कुलशीलगुणोपेतः सत्यधर्मपरायणः । रूपवान्सुप्रसन्नश्च कोशाध्यक्षो विधीयते ॥ १,११२.

One endowed with noble family, good character, and virtues, devoted to truth and righteousness, handsome and cheerful—such a person is appointed as the treasurer.

मूल्यरूपपरीक्षाकृद्भवे द्रत्नपरीक्षकः । बलाबलपरिज्ञाता सेनाध्यक्षो विधीयते ॥ १,११२.

He who is skilled in examining value and form is the appraiser of jewels; one who knows strength and weakness is appointed as the commander of the army.

इङ्गिताकारतत्त्वज्ञो बलवान् प्रियदर्शनः । अप्रमादी प्रमाथी च प्रतीहारः स उच्यते ॥ १,११२.

He who knows the truth of gestures and expressions, is strong and pleasant to look at, vigilant and energetic—he is called the doorkeeper.

मेधावी वाक्पटुः प्राज्ञः सत्यवादी जितेन्द्रियः । सर्वशास्त्रसमालोकी ह्येष साधुः स लेखकः ॥ १,११२.

Intelligent, eloquent, wise, truthful, self-controlled, and versed in all sciences—such a virtuous person is the scribe.

बुद्धिमान्मतिमांश्चैव परचित्तोपलक्षकः । क्रूरो यथोक्तवादी च एष दूतो विधीयते ॥ १,११२.

Intelligent, discerning, able to perceive the thoughts of others, harsh, and one who speaks as instructed—such a person is appointed as a messenger.

समस्तस्मृतिशास्त्रज्ञः पण्डितोऽथ जितेन्द्रियः । शौर्यवीर्यगुणोपेतो धर्माध्यक्षो विधीयते ॥ १,११२.

One who knows all the treatises on memory and law, is learned, has mastered his senses, endowed with courage, strength, and virtue—he is appointed as the chief of justice.

पितृपैतामहो दक्षः शास्त्रज्ञः सत्यवाचकः । शुचिश्च कठिनश्चैव सूपकारः स उच्यते ॥ १,११२.

Skilled through his father and grandfather, learned in the scriptures, a speaker of truth, pure and also strict—such a person is called the cook.

आयुर्वेदकृताभ्यासः सर्वेषां प्रियदर्शनः । आयुः शीलगुणोपेतो वैद्य एव विधीयते ॥ १,११२.

Practiced in Ayurveda, pleasing to all, endowed with long life, good character, and virtues—such a one is appointed as the physician.

वेदवेदाङ्गतत्त्वज्ञो जपहमपरायणः । आशीर्वादपरो नित्यमेष राजपुरोहित ॥ १,११२.

One who knows the essence of the Veda and its branches, devoted to recitation and sacrifice, always intent on blessing—he is the royal priest.

लेखकः पाठकश्चैव गणकः प्रतिरोधकः । आलस्ययुक्तश्चैद्राजा कर्म संवर्जयेत्सदा ॥ १,११२.

A scribe, a reader, a calculator, an objector, and one who is lazy—such a servant should always be avoided by the king.