When the vital wind within the body is disturbed by substances that deplete the bodily elements, and is not properly attended to, it begins to fill the four main channels of the body even more. These channels, now crowded with faults, become blocked at their openings. Once provoked, this wind gives rise to colic, obstruction, and rumbling within the intestines. From this disturbance, the body suffers retention of waste, loss of voice, and stiffness in vision, back, and hips. Further, it brings about other severe afflictions. Diseases emerging from the stomach manifest as vomiting, breathlessness, cough, and cholera. Above the navel, one experiences obstruction, itching, heat, and various other ailments. The sense organs are not spared: the ears are afflicted, the skin erupts and becomes rough, and there is intense pain, breathlessness, fever, and discoloration. Obstruction within the intestines occurs, appetite diminishes, and the body becomes emaciated. Dizziness sets in, along with nodules in the muscle and fat, and the skin hardens in various places. Heaviness arises in the limbs, as if struck by a staff or a fist, and the wind that dwells in the bones produces severe pain in the hip joints and bones. If the wind reaches the marrow, it brings instability to the bones, sleeplessness, and pain; if it settles in the semen, it causes abnormal emissions or distortions. When the wind affects the embryo or semen, swelling and a sense of emptiness arise in the head. Even when the wind remains in its proper place but is provoked, it can cause severe swelling. When it settles in the joints, there is a sensation of fullness, dryness, and a touch like water; if it spreads throughout the body, it brings pain, splitting sensations, twitching, and a feeling of breaking apart. Stiffness, convulsions, disturbed sleep, and trembling of the joints follow. When the wind repeatedly attacks all the arteries, it seizes the limbs, causing a disease known as convulsive disorder. If the wind is obstructed below and then moves upward, it presses upon the heart, causing pain in the head and temples. The afflicted person may toss his body about, bend his jaw, struggle to breathe out, and close both eyes tightly. He may coo like a pigeon, with looseness of the limbs; and when the wind settles at the root of the nose, it finds its way to the heart. This person alternates between moments of comfort and discomfort; the condition, especially when arising from injury, is considered most difficult to treat. At this time, there is stiffness of sweat, and when the wind, having lost its proper form, pervades the whole body, decline sets in again. The force of the wind, having entered within, causes stiffness in the eyes, yawning, slackness of the teeth, and a loss of effort. Pain appears on the sides of the body, with stiffness of the jaw, back, and head, and the body stretches outward, bringing pain to the back, heart, and head. At such moments, the chest may be raised or the shoulder bent. The teeth and mouth become discolored, and there is no sweat upon the body. Outward extension and stiffness of the jaw are recognized as symptoms of wind disorder; when the wind moves along with feces and urine, it produces these effects. These disorders can spread throughout the body, from head to toe. In those who appear pale, swelling of wounds increases greatly. When there is a sudden rush of movement in the limbs, health may return through various means: licking the tongue, eating hot food, or even excessive pride. If the wind, aggravated and situated at the root of the jaw, causes stiffness, it can result in either an open or a closed mouth. Stiffness of the jaw makes chewing and speaking difficult; and when the wind stiffens the veins of speech, it paralyzes the tongue. Thus, stiffness of the tongue leads to the inability to eat, drink, or speak. This may arise from bearing heavy loads on the head, excessive laughter, or talking. Using an uneven pillow or chewing hard substances can further increase the wind, causing it to rise upwards in those already afflicted. The face may become crooked, laughter may become loud and uncontrolled, and the eyes may stare fixedly. Weakness of speech and stiffness of the eyes follow. There is chattering of teeth, loss of voice, hearing loss, impaired vision, loss of smell, destruction of memory, fear, and difficulty breathing. One may experience spitting, pain in the sides, closing of one eye, severe pain above the collarbone, or even paralysis of half the body. Some call this hemiplegia, others monoplegia; when the veins that depend on blood are affected, the veins of the head also suffer. When the body becomes rough, painful, and dark, the condition is considered incurable, especially when the head is involved—the wind, sinews, and body all being affected. If one wing or side is destroyed, it is called wing paralysis; half the body becomes inactive and insensible. Some recognize disease affecting a single limb, others know pain in the armpit; but when wind pervades the whole body, complete immobility and stiffness occur. Paralysis caused purely by wind is extremely difficult to cure; when combined with other factors, it increases and leads to wasting. When the body’s channels are blocked by undigested matter and phlegm, the limbs become rigid; in such cases, the condition known as daṇḍāpatānaka is always incurable. When wind arises from the root of the shoulder and contracts the veins there, it causes external discharge and disease in the arm. If the tendons at the base of the fingers and the back of the arm are affected, loss of function in the arms occurs; this is called vipūcī. When wind situated in the hip damages the tendons of the thighs, the person becomes lame; if both thighs are affected, he becomes crippled. He trembles when beginning to walk and moves with a limp; this is called kalāyakhañja, caused by loosened joints and ligaments. Such disorders may arise from consuming cold, hot, liquid, dry, heavy, or oily foods—whether digested or undigested—and through exertion, agitation, oily foods, and sleeplessness. Thus, the many ways in which the wind, when disturbed, brings suffering to the body are revealed.