When the vital airs within the body become disturbed and obstructed, a cascade of distressing symptoms unfolds. The afflicted person finds their breath cut short and labored, sometimes tinged with blood, as if the very life force is constricted. The abdomen rumbles with discomfort, swelling and bloating, belching becomes excessive, and there is frequent, forceful expulsion of wind. Urination increases, yet the passage of stool diminishes and becomes scanty. The appetite weakens, and the abdomen takes on a dusky hue. Pain spreads through the head, back, and chest, accompanied by fatigue and changes in the nature of the feces. Restlessness arises, drawing the mind toward sense objects, and the suffering brings about anger and suspicion. Retention and swelling occur, and the abdomen loses its healthy color, turning pale. In those whose digestion is already impaired, these symptoms intensify. The wind, unable to move downward, turns back and becomes blocked, further aggravating the condition. This obstruction agitates the other vital airs, disturbs all the senses, and dries up the body’s fluids—urine, stool, bile, phlegm, and even the wind itself. The digestive fire is destroyed, leading to emaciation. The body becomes thin, enthusiasm fades, dejection and dullness set in, and the person appears wasted, lacking vitality and luster, resembling a tree scorched by insects. The humors rage within, causing severe, fast-moving pains that torment the vital points, manifesting as consumption. Cough, thirst, dryness of mouth, tastelessness, breathlessness, nasal congestion, fatigue, aching limbs, grinding sensations, sneezing, swelling, and fever all take hold. Impotence, deafness, stiffness, and gravel in the urine may follow. The voice becomes altered, the person is lost in thought, spits frequently, and loses all desire for food. Pain strikes every joint, bone, and vital region—the heart, navel, anus, and groin. Bile may flow from the rectum, giving the belly a crane-like appearance. The stool becomes dry, withered at the tip, and unevenly matured in the middle; it is pale like turmeric, sticky, and passed only with great effort while seated. Sprouts or growths appear at the anus, accompanied by many winds, dryness, and intense itching. These masses are fatty, dark red, stiff, uneven, and rough to the touch. Their forms are dissimilar—crooked, sharp, split-faced, and they resemble the fruits of jujube, date, karkandhu, and cotton. Some look like kadamba flowers, others like siddhartha seeds. The pain radiates—into the head, sides, calves, thighs, groin, and other areas. Sneezing, belching, obstruction, heart pain, nausea, coughing, shortness of breath, irregular digestion, ringing in the ears, and dizziness all arise. The stool that is passed is lumpy, scanty, noisy, and comes out in a painful stream, mixed with mucus and difficult to expel. The skin darkens, urine and stool are retained, and the eyes and mouth lose their natural color. From this, tumors, disorders of the spleen, swelling of the abdomen, and hard masses can develop. When bile predominates, the mouth turns blue, and the masses themselves appear red, yellow, or black. These are thin, sharp, oozing, foul-smelling, slender, soft, and loose. Their tongues resemble that of a parrot, their mouths look like a piece of liver or the mouth of a leech. They cause burning, fever, sweating, thirst, fainting, loss of appetite, and confusion. These masses are hot, fluid, blue, warm, yellow, or red, with a center like barley, and the skin, nails, and other parts of the body take on a greenish-yellow hue. When phlegm is the dominant humor, the masses are large, dense, only slightly painful, white, raised, swollen, oily, stiff, round, heavy, and firm. They are slimy, still, smooth, and itch intensely, yet are pleasant to the touch, resembling the stem of the karira or jackfruit, or the udder of a cow. Found in the groin, they are snake-like, sometimes filled with pus, causing pain in the bladder and navel. They bring shortness of breath, palpitations, excessive saliva, loss of appetite, and nasal congestion. These bring severe difficulty—heaviness of the head, coldness, and astringency. They cause impotence, weak digestion, softness of the body, vomiting, diarrhea, and other ailments. The stools become rich in fat, mucus, and phlegm, and blood may flow. The stool neither moves freely nor breaks apart, and the skin and other parts become pale and oily. When all these symptoms are mixed, all features appear together. When blood predominates, the masses at the anus are yellowish in appearance, resembling the fruit of the banyan tree, gunja, or coral—extremely foul, hot, severely obstructed, and painful. Sometimes, they suddenly discharge blood, and with the excessive flow, the sufferer cries out like a peacock, tormented by the consequences of blood loss. As a result, the person becomes deficient in color, strength, enthusiasm, and vitality. The senses are impaired, especially after consuming foods such as mudga, kodrava, jambira, karira, and chanaka. When wind is aggravated by dry, binding foods, it gathers strength in the rectum, blocks the downward channels, and dries out the lower body. The stool becomes hard, dry, and mixed with wind, causing severe pain in the abdomen, back, heart, and sides. There is bloating, hard stool, nausea, and sharp, cutting pain, with especially severe pain in the bladder and swelling of the cheeks. As the wind moves upward, vomiting, loss of appetite, fever, heart disease, digestive disorders, retention of urine, and diarrhea may ensue. Deafness, severe headache, breathlessness, pain in the head, cough, nasal congestion, mental disturbances, thirst, difficulty breathing, bile disorders, abdominal tumors, and similar conditions can also arise. These are the diseases caused by wind, coming on intensely and with great severity. Among them, the most dangerous bear terrible names and can lead to death and grievous complications. Even apart from these, when the bowels are afflicted by wind, inherent disorders arise, as well as those that are internal and associated with the body’s channels. Some of these, once established, are incurable, though they may be managed by the strength of the digestive fire and other means. Those arising from the combination of two humors, or those dependent on the second channel, are also described. These are difficult to cure and may take years to resolve. Others, arising in the external channel and dominated by a single humor, are also known. Hemorrhoids that are easily curable do not take long to develop. Those that arise in the genitals and similar areas are described according to their type, while congenital ones are not included here. Worm infestations present as slimy and soft growths; when the circulating wind carries phlegm, it produces external hemorrhoids on the skin. Thus, the symptoms and forms of these painful disorders have been described, showing the complex interplay of the humors and the vital airs within the body.