In the ancient teachings, it is described how various disturbances arise in the body and mind, manifesting as sudden dejection, sorrow, fear, intolerance of sound, trembling and shivering, confusion, difficulty in breathing, and troubled sleep. When the humor of bile is disturbed, symptoms such as intense thirst, fatigue, burning sensations, sweating, and a sequence of sour and phlegmatic complaints appear. In cases where bile becomes sour, vomiting ensues, and fever is accompanied by a smoky sensation. When phlegm is the cause, the heart feels stiff and heavy, as if weighed down by a stone. Coughing, weakness of the bones, frequent spitting, drowsiness, laziness, loss of appetite, and fever afflict the person. If all three humors—wind, bile, and phlegm—are involved, or if worms are present, the eyes darken, the person feels as if entering darkness, experiences sudden exhilaration, swelling, itching, and discharges of phlegm. In such heart disease, the heart seems constantly torn as if by a saw. This terrible affliction must be treated swiftly, for delay is perilous. Thirst arises from disturbances of wind, bile, and phlegm, and when all three combine, there is a loss of strength. The sixth type of heart disease arises from complications, with wind and bile as the cause. When these humors are aggravated, they dry out the body’s tissues, bringing confusion, trembling, heat, burning in the heart, and loss of consciousness. If the veins that carry fluids to the root of the tongue, throat, palate, and uvula dry up, thirst becomes a common sign. The mouth dries, water brings satisfaction, food is avoided, the voice is lost, and burning sensations afflict the throat, lips, and palate. Even sticking out the tongue brings fatigue. Delirium and confusion of mind arise, accompanied by frequent belching. Wind causes emaciation, dejection, pain in the temples, and dizziness. The senses are lost: smell fades, the mouth becomes tasteless, hearing and sleep are diminished, strength wanes. Cold, sour, and frothy saliva increase due to bile; fainting and bitterness in the mouth follow. The eyes remain constantly red, dry, burning, and smoky; phlegm is disturbed by tastes, and wind courses through the fluid-carrying channels. When the stream is obstructed by phlegm, the calf dries in the mud, the throat is blocked as if by husks, and sleep brings sweet distortion. Swelling of the head, dullness, sluggishness, vomiting, loss of appetite, laziness, and poor digestion—such a person is said to possess every symptom. Fragrance and blood obstruction give rise to wind and bile conditions. If one suddenly drinks cold water after heat, thirst arises. When heat rises upward in the abdomen, it produces bile; and when it comes from excessive drinking or foods cooked in oil, it is of the same nature. Thirst from oily, bitter, sour, and salty foods is caused by phlegm, with loss of taste and thirst marking a wasting disease. Intense thirst from dryness, confusion, fever, and other complications of chronic disease is accompanied by these symptoms. Then, Dhanvantari spoke, explaining the cause of intoxication as taught by the sages. Intoxication is sharp, sour, rough, subtle, active, and light. Wine is expansive and clear, yet contrary to fat; its sharp effects are described as divine, but its qualities disturb the mind. At the highest degree, wine acts as poison, diminishing the strength and qualities of the body. Wine possesses ten qualities that contract and lead the mind to inactivity. In the first and second stages of intoxication, confusion settles in. Struck by indecision, the bewildered person proclaims what is pleasant as happiness. When intoxication reaches the junction of moderate and highest, it assumes the king's seat, dominating the mind. Like a wild beast without a goad, the intoxicated person does nothing thereafter; this earth becomes the abode of those with unspeakable conduct and poor character. This is the chief indicator of the difficult path with many ways. When motion ceases and speech is lost, intoxication has reached its third stage. Worse than death, the sinful soul falls into an even more sinful state, unable to distinguish righteousness from unrighteousness, happiness from sorrow, honor from dishonor, benefit from harm. Afflicted by delusion and confusion, joined with dryness and other symptoms, the person falls into madness, delirium, fainting, and epilepsy. The strong, those who have eaten, and the gluttonous do not become excessively intoxicated. Intoxication disease arises from the combined disturbance of wind, bile, and phlegm. Their common symptoms are confusion, pain in the heart, splitting headache, intense thirst, mild fatigue, fever, and loss of appetite. Obstruction in the chest, darkness, cough, breathlessness, sleeplessness, excessive sweating, bloating, swelling, and disturbance of the mind also occur. The intoxicated person is overcome as if in a dream, not speaking even when addressed. Bile causes burning, fever, sweating, confusion, and constant dizziness. Phlegm brings vomiting, nausea, drowsiness, and heaviness in the abdomen. Whoever drinks liquor knowing it has all these signs and symptoms in every case may suddenly experience pleasantness, or else destruction and dryness. Wind especially brings severe suffering. With destruction, there is spitting of phlegm, dryness of the throat, excessive sleepiness, intolerance to sound, and distraction of the mind—these are the pains caused by wind in the body. Heart and throat diseases, confusion, breathlessness, thirst, and intermittent fever arise. The one who abstains from liquor, self-controlled and acting with discernment, is freed from these afflictions, never suffering from disorders of body or mind. But when food is impure, tainted by passion and delusion, three diseases arise: obstruction of channels carrying fat, blood, and moisture, intoxication, fainting, and loss of consciousness, occurring in order of increasing strength. Here, intoxication arises from all the humors, as well as from blood, wine, and poisons; its manifestation is unstable and deceptive due to its boundless power. When intoxication is caused by wind, the body becomes dry, dark, and reddish. From bile, one becomes irritable, reddish-yellow in hue, and fond of quarrels. In intoxication from phlegm, one utters incoherent words in dreams and is absorbed in meditation. When all humors are involved, there is stiffness of blood and corruption of the limbs. Thus, the sages have revealed the intricate signs and symptoms of disease and intoxication, urging discernment and restraint as the path to freedom from suffering.