In ancient times, mighty beings known as the Jayas and Amitas, along with Shukra and the Yamas, stood as formidable adversaries. Among them were Vishvabhuk, Vamadeva, Indra, and Bashkali, all renowned for their strength and valor. The great Manu Svarocisha, together with his son, the lord of the circle, Mandaleshvara, rose to prominence. Brihadguna and Nabhas, both gifted with extraordinary strength and courage, were celebrated as heroes. Seven sages—Datta, Ambholi, Avarivan, and Rishya—gained renown for their wisdom. Indra, the king of the gods, alongside Vipaschit, faced the powerful adversary Purukritsara. The sons of Uttama Manu, Aja and Parashu, carried forward their lineage. Among the divine hosts were Devavriddha, Rudra, Mahotsaha, and Jita, each revered for their might. Sutapa and Shanku were counted among the seven illustrious sages. The gods were grouped into five divisions, each consisting of twelve deities. In those days, Hari, manifesting as a fish—Vishnu himself—vanquished a dreadful demon. Among the wise and noble were Navakhyati, Naya, Priyabhrit, and Vivikshipa. Jyotirdhāma, Prithu (Dhṛṣṭa), Kāvyas, Chaitra, Cetas, Agni, and Hemaka were also honored by name. There existed deities known as Haris, whose numbers ranged from four to five or even seven. Hari, again taking form as a tortoise, slew the demon Bhīmaratha. Vana (La), Bandhu, Niramitra, Pratyaṅga, Parahā, and Śuci were counted among the distinguished. Vedaśrī, Vedabāhu, and Ūrddhvabāhu were likewise remembered. The Abhūtarajas and the Devas called Aśvamedhas were included among the divine ranks. In their group, fourteen gods assembled, with Indra, the mighty, as their lord. Uru and Purur, strong and valiant, were sons of Cākṣuṣa Manu. Agniṣṇu, Atirātra, Sudyumna, and Nara were named among the honored. Abhimāna, Sahiṣṇu, and Madhuśrī were revered as sages. Of Aṣṭaka, five groups were recognized among the dwellers of heaven. Hari, the sustainer of worlds, took the form of a horse and vanquished a fierce foe. Ikṣvāku, Nābhāga, Dhṛṣṭa, and Śaryāti were named, and Karūṣa, Pṛṣadhra, and Sudyumna were sons of Manu. Gautama, Bharadvāja, and Viśvāmitra were counted among the seventh group of sages. The Ādityas, Vasus, and the Sādhyas formed groups of twelve gods. The two Aśvins were distinctly mentioned, and the Viśvedevas numbered ten. The powerful Śakra was remembered as the adversary of Hiraṇyākṣa. Then, the sons of the future Manu, Sāvarṇi, were declared: Varishtha, Garishtha, Vāca, and Saṅgati. Ṛṣyaśṛṅga and Rāma, along with the seven sages, were honored. Their group of gods numbered twenty each. It was he who, when requested, granted Viṣṇu the three steps. The sons of Vāruṇa, Dakṣa Sāvarṇi, the ninth Manu, were Pṛthuśravā, Bṛhadūdyumna, Ṛcīka, Bṛhato, and Guṇa. Medhātithi, Dyuti, Sabala, and Vasu were also among them, as were Paro, Marīci's Garbha, and Su-dharmāṇa. At that time, the gods would be grouped in twelves. The sons of Dharmaputra, the tenth Manu, were Śatānīka, Niramitra, Vṛṣasena, and Jayadratha, each carrying forward the sacred lineage and divine duties through the ages.