कार्त्स्न्येन सह भुञ्जीत कालं तं वत्सरं विदुः । संवत्सरं परिवत्सरमिडावत्सरमेव च
When it enjoys the whole together, that time is known as a year; the year, parivatsara, idāvatsara,
अनुवत्सरमिद्वत्सरमिति पञ्चकमीरितम् । भानोर्मान्द्यशैघ्र्यसमगतिभिः कालवित्तमैः
anuvatsara, and idvatsara—thus, a group of five is declared; by those who know time, according to the sun’s slow, swift, and equal movements.
एवं भानोर्गतिः प्रोक्ता चन्द्रादीनां निबोधत । एवं चन्द्रोऽर्करश्मिभ्यो लक्षयोजनमूर्ध्वतः
Thus the sun’s motion is spoken of; now listen to that of the moon and others. In this way, the moon is found a hundred thousand yojanas above the sun’s rays.
उपलभ्यमानो मित्रस्य संवत्सरभुजिं च सः । पक्षाभ्यां चौषधीनाथो भुङ्क्ते मासभुजिं च सः
Being perceived, it also enjoys the year along with Mitra; and by two fortnights, it enjoys the plants, and by months, it enjoys them as well.
सपादमाभ्यां दिवसभुक्तिं पक्षभुजिं चरेत् । एवं शीघ्रगतिः सोमो भुङ्क्ते नूनं भचक्रकम्
With a quarter and a half, it enjoys the days, and by fortnights, it partakes; thus, the swiftly moving moon certainly enjoys the zodiac.
पूर्यमाणकलाभिश्चामराणां प्रीतिमावहन् । क्षीयमाणकलाभिश्च पितॄणां चित्तरञ्जकः
When its digits are waxing, it brings delight to the gods; and when its digits are waning, it brings joy to the ancestors.
अहोरात्राणि तन्वानः पूर्वापरसुघस्रकैः । सर्वजीवनिकायस्य प्राणो जीवः स एव हि
Increasing days and nights with its beautiful garlands of the past and future, it is indeed the vital breath, the life of all living beings.
भुङ्क्ते चैकैकनक्षत्रं मुहूर्तत्रिंशता विभुः । स एव षोडशकलः पुरुषोऽनादिसत्तमः
It enjoys each star for thirty muhurtas, the mighty one; it is the sixteen-phased person, the most ancient and excellent.
मनोमयोऽप्यन्नमयोऽमृतधामा सुधाकरः । देवपितृमनुष्यादिसरीसृपसवीरुधाम्
Composed of mind and food, abode of nectar, the moon is the giver of ambrosia; to gods, ancestors, humans, reptiles, and plants.
प्राणाप्यायनशीलत्वात्स सर्वमय उच्यते । ततो भचक्रं भ्रमति योजनानां त्रिलक्षतः
Because it nourishes life, it is called all-pervading; then the zodiac revolves, spanning three hundred thousand yojanas.
मेरुप्रदक्षिणेनैव योजितं चेश्वरेण तु । अष्टाविंशतिसंख्यानि गणितानि सहाभिजित्
By circling Mount Meru, it is established by the Lord; twenty-eight are counted, together with Abhijit.
ततः शुक्रो द्विलक्षेण योजनानामथोपरि । पुरः पश्चात्सहैवासावर्कस्य परिवर्तते
Then Venus is two hundred thousand yojanas above that; it moves ahead and behind, together with the sun, revolving.
शीघ्रमन्दसमानाभिर्गतिभिर्विचरन्विभुः । लोकानामनुकूलोऽयं प्रायः प्रोक्तः शुभावहः
This planet, moving with speeds equal to both swift and slow, is generally considered favorable for the worlds and is said to bring auspicious results.
वृष्टिविष्टम्भशमनो भार्गवः सर्वदा मुने । शुक्राद् बुधः समाख्यातो योजनानां द्विलक्षतः
O sage, the planet Venus always dispels drought and is called Budha when it is two hundred thousand yojanas away from Shukra.
शीघ्रमन्दसमानाभिर्गतिभिः शुक्रवत्सदा । यदार्काद्व्यतिरिच्येत सौम्यः प्रायेण तत्र तु
With movements always similar to those of Venus, when Mercury exceeds the Sun, it is generally so at that distance.
अतिवाताभ्रपातानां वृष्ट्यादिभयसूचकः । उपरिष्ठात्ततो भौमो योजनानां द्विलक्षतः
Indicating the fear of excessive winds, falling clouds, and rain, Mars is situated above that, at a distance of two hundred thousand yojanas.
पक्षैस्त्रिभिस्त्रिभिः सोऽयं भुङ्क्ते राशीनथैकशः । द्वादशापि च देवर्षे यदि वक्रो न जायते
He traverses each zodiac sign in three fortnights, O divine sage, and if he does not become retrograde, he covers all twelve signs one by one.
प्रायेणाशुभकृत्सोऽयं ग्रहौघानां च सूचकः । नतो द्विलक्षमानेन योजनानां च गीष्पतिः
He is generally considered inauspicious and a sign among the group of planets; the lord of speech is situated below at a distance of two hundred thousand yojanas.
एकैकस्मिन्नथो राशौ भुङ्गे संवत्सरं चरन् । यदि वक्रो भवेन्नैवानुकूलो ब्रह्मवादिनाम्
He moves through each sign in one year; if he does not become retrograde, he is not favorable to the knowers of Brahman.
ततः शनैश्चरो घोरो लक्षद्वयपरो मितः । योजनैः सूर्यपुत्रोऽयं त्रिंशन्मासैः परिभ्रमन्
Then comes Saturn, the dreadful one, measured at two hundred thousand yojanas from the Sun, the son of the Sun, who completes his circuit in thirty months.
एकैकराशौ पर्येति सर्वान् राशीन्महाग्रहः । सर्वेषामशुभो मन्दः प्रोक्तः कालविदां वरैः
This great planet traverses each sign in turn, and is declared inauspicious for all by the foremost among those who know time.
तत उत्तरतः प्रोक्तमेकादशसुलक्षकैः । योजनैः परिसंख्यातं सप्तर्षीणां च मण्डलम्
Then, further north, is described the circle of the Seven Sages, measured as eleven hundred thousand yojanas.
ध्रुवमण्डलसंस्थानवर्णनम् श्रीनारायण उवाच अथर्षिमण्डलादूर्ध्वं योजनानां प्रमाणतः । लक्षैस्त्रयोदशमितैः परमं वैष्णवं पदम्
Description of the position of the Dhruva circle. Śrī Nārāyaṇa said: Above the circle of the Seven Sages, at a distance measured as one million three hundred thousand yojanas, is the supreme abode of Viṣṇu.
महाभागवतः श्रीमान् वर्तते लोकवन्दितः । औत्तानपादिरिन्द्रेण वह्निना कश्यपेन च
There resides the illustrious and greatly devoted Dhruva, honored by the worlds, along with Auttānapāda, Indra, Agni, and Kaśyapa.
धर्मेण सह चैवास्ते समकालयुजा ध्रुवः । बहुमानं दक्षिणतः कुर्वद्भिः प्रेक्षकैः सदा
Dhruva remains there together with Dharma, who is of equal age, always being shown great respect by those observing from the south.
आजीव्यः कल्पजीविनामुपास्ते भगवत्पदम् । ज्योतिर्गणानां सर्वेषां ग्रहनक्षत्रभादिनाम्
He, who is to be revered by those who live as long as a kalpa, worships the feet of the Lord, along with all the hosts of luminaries, planets, and stars.
कालेनानिमिषेणायं भ्राम्यतां व्यक्तरंहसा । अवष्टम्भस्थाणुरिव विहितश्चेश्वरेण सः
By the unblinking, swift movement of time, all these revolve, and he stands firm like a pillar, established by the Lord.
भासते भासयन्भासा स्वीयया देवपूजितः । मेढिस्तम्भे यथा युक्ताः पशवः कर्षणार्थकाः
He shines, illuminating with his own light, worshipped by the gods, just as animals yoked to a central post for ploughing are bound.
मण्डलानि चरन्तीमे सवनत्रितयेन च । एवं ग्रहादयः सर्वे भगणाद्या यथाक्रमम्
These circles move, driven by the threefold wind; in the same way, all the planets and luminaries, beginning with the Sun, move in their respective order.
अन्तर्बहिर्विभागेन कालचक्रे नियोजिताः । ध्रुवमेवावलम्ब्याशु वायुनोदीरिताश्च ते
Arranged within and without by distinction, they are set in the wheel of time, and, relying on Dhruva, they are swiftly propelled by the wind.