गतिद्वयं चाविरुद्धं सर्वत्रैष विनिर्णयः । स एव भगवानादिपुरुषो लोकभावनः
Both types of movement are not contradictory; this is the decision everywhere. That very Lord, the Primeval Person, is the creator of the worlds.
नारायणोऽखिलाधारो लोकानां स्वस्तये भ्रमन् । कर्मशुद्धिनिमित्तं तु आत्मानं वै त्रयीमयम्
Nārāyaṇa, the support of all, moves for the welfare of the worlds; for the sake of purification of actions, He Himself becomes the embodiment of the three Vedas.
कविभिश्चैव वेदेन विजिज्ञास्योऽर्कधाभवत् । षट्सु क्रमेण ऋतुषु वसन्तादिषु च स्वयम्
He is to be known by the wise and through the Veda as the essence of the Sun; in the six seasons, beginning with spring, He Himself manifests.
यथोपजोषमृतुजान् गुणान् वै विदधाति च । तमेनं पुरुषाः सर्वे त्रय्या च विद्यया सदा
According to the season, He bestows the qualities born of the seasons; all people always know Him through the triple knowledge.
वर्णाश्रमाचारपथा तथाम्नातैश्च कर्मभिः । उच्चावचैः श्रद्धया च योगानां च वितानकैः
By the paths of conduct prescribed for the classes and stages of life, and by actions enjoined in the scriptures, both high and low, with faith, and by the various practices of yoga,
अञ्जसा च यजन्ते ये श्रेयो विन्दन्ति ते मतम् । अथैष आत्मा लोकानां द्यावाभूम्यन्तरेण च
Those who worship straightforwardly attain the highest good, which is my opinion; and this self is the inner essence of all worlds, between heaven and earth.
कालचक्रगतो भुङ्क्ते मासान्द्वादशराशिभिः । संवत्सरस्यावयवान्मासः पक्षद्वयं दिवा
Moving within the wheel of time, it enjoys through the twelve signs of the months; from the divisions of the year, a month consists of two fortnights, day
नक्तं चेति स पादर्क्षद्वयमित्युपदिश्यते । यावता षष्ठमंशं स भुञ्जीत ऋतुरुच्यते
and night—thus, it is taught as two feet, each consisting of a fortnight; as much as it enjoys a sixth part, that is called a season.
संवत्सरस्यावयवः कविभिश्चोपवर्णितः । यावतार्धेन चाकाशवीथ्यां प्रचरते रविः
A season is described by poets as a division of the year; and as the sun travels half its path in the sky,
तं प्राक्तना वर्णयन्ति अयनं मुनिपूजिताः । अथ यावन्नभोमण्डलं सह प्रतिगच्छति
That is called the previous solstice by revered sages; and as far as it traverses the celestial sphere together,
कार्त्स्न्येन सह भुञ्जीत कालं तं वत्सरं विदुः । संवत्सरं परिवत्सरमिडावत्सरमेव च
When it enjoys the whole together, that time is known as a year; the year, parivatsara, idāvatsara,
अनुवत्सरमिद्वत्सरमिति पञ्चकमीरितम् । भानोर्मान्द्यशैघ्र्यसमगतिभिः कालवित्तमैः
anuvatsara, and idvatsara—thus, a group of five is declared; by those who know time, according to the sun’s slow, swift, and equal movements.
एवं भानोर्गतिः प्रोक्ता चन्द्रादीनां निबोधत । एवं चन्द्रोऽर्करश्मिभ्यो लक्षयोजनमूर्ध्वतः
Thus the sun’s motion is spoken of; now listen to that of the moon and others. In this way, the moon is found a hundred thousand yojanas above the sun’s rays.
उपलभ्यमानो मित्रस्य संवत्सरभुजिं च सः । पक्षाभ्यां चौषधीनाथो भुङ्क्ते मासभुजिं च सः
Being perceived, it also enjoys the year along with Mitra; and by two fortnights, it enjoys the plants, and by months, it enjoys them as well.
सपादमाभ्यां दिवसभुक्तिं पक्षभुजिं चरेत् । एवं शीघ्रगतिः सोमो भुङ्क्ते नूनं भचक्रकम्
With a quarter and a half, it enjoys the days, and by fortnights, it partakes; thus, the swiftly moving moon certainly enjoys the zodiac.
पूर्यमाणकलाभिश्चामराणां प्रीतिमावहन् । क्षीयमाणकलाभिश्च पितॄणां चित्तरञ्जकः
When its digits are waxing, it brings delight to the gods; and when its digits are waning, it brings joy to the ancestors.
अहोरात्राणि तन्वानः पूर्वापरसुघस्रकैः । सर्वजीवनिकायस्य प्राणो जीवः स एव हि
Increasing days and nights with its beautiful garlands of the past and future, it is indeed the vital breath, the life of all living beings.
भुङ्क्ते चैकैकनक्षत्रं मुहूर्तत्रिंशता विभुः । स एव षोडशकलः पुरुषोऽनादिसत्तमः
It enjoys each star for thirty muhurtas, the mighty one; it is the sixteen-phased person, the most ancient and excellent.
मनोमयोऽप्यन्नमयोऽमृतधामा सुधाकरः । देवपितृमनुष्यादिसरीसृपसवीरुधाम्
Composed of mind and food, abode of nectar, the moon is the giver of ambrosia; to gods, ancestors, humans, reptiles, and plants.
प्राणाप्यायनशीलत्वात्स सर्वमय उच्यते । ततो भचक्रं भ्रमति योजनानां त्रिलक्षतः
Because it nourishes life, it is called all-pervading; then the zodiac revolves, spanning three hundred thousand yojanas.
मेरुप्रदक्षिणेनैव योजितं चेश्वरेण तु । अष्टाविंशतिसंख्यानि गणितानि सहाभिजित्
By circling Mount Meru, it is established by the Lord; twenty-eight are counted, together with Abhijit.
ततः शुक्रो द्विलक्षेण योजनानामथोपरि । पुरः पश्चात्सहैवासावर्कस्य परिवर्तते
Then Venus is two hundred thousand yojanas above that; it moves ahead and behind, together with the sun, revolving.
शीघ्रमन्दसमानाभिर्गतिभिर्विचरन्विभुः । लोकानामनुकूलोऽयं प्रायः प्रोक्तः शुभावहः
This planet, moving with speeds equal to both swift and slow, is generally considered favorable for the worlds and is said to bring auspicious results.
वृष्टिविष्टम्भशमनो भार्गवः सर्वदा मुने । शुक्राद् बुधः समाख्यातो योजनानां द्विलक्षतः
O sage, the planet Venus always dispels drought and is called Budha when it is two hundred thousand yojanas away from Shukra.
शीघ्रमन्दसमानाभिर्गतिभिः शुक्रवत्सदा । यदार्काद्व्यतिरिच्येत सौम्यः प्रायेण तत्र तु
With movements always similar to those of Venus, when Mercury exceeds the Sun, it is generally so at that distance.
अतिवाताभ्रपातानां वृष्ट्यादिभयसूचकः । उपरिष्ठात्ततो भौमो योजनानां द्विलक्षतः
Indicating the fear of excessive winds, falling clouds, and rain, Mars is situated above that, at a distance of two hundred thousand yojanas.
पक्षैस्त्रिभिस्त्रिभिः सोऽयं भुङ्क्ते राशीनथैकशः । द्वादशापि च देवर्षे यदि वक्रो न जायते
He traverses each zodiac sign in three fortnights, O divine sage, and if he does not become retrograde, he covers all twelve signs one by one.
प्रायेणाशुभकृत्सोऽयं ग्रहौघानां च सूचकः । नतो द्विलक्षमानेन योजनानां च गीष्पतिः
He is generally considered inauspicious and a sign among the group of planets; the lord of speech is situated below at a distance of two hundred thousand yojanas.
एकैकस्मिन्नथो राशौ भुङ्गे संवत्सरं चरन् । यदि वक्रो भवेन्नैवानुकूलो ब्रह्मवादिनाम्
He moves through each sign in one year; if he does not become retrograde, he is not favorable to the knowers of Brahman.
ततः शनैश्चरो घोरो लक्षद्वयपरो मितः । योजनैः सूर्यपुत्रोऽयं त्रिंशन्मासैः परिभ्रमन्
Then comes Saturn, the dreadful one, measured at two hundred thousand yojanas from the Sun, the son of the Sun, who completes his circuit in thirty months.