वहन्ति देवमादित्यं लोकानां सुखहेतवे । पुरस्तात्सवितुः सूतोऽरुणः पश्चान्नियोजितः
They carry the god Āditya, the cause of happiness for the worlds; in front of Sūrya is the charioteer Aruṇa, and behind, the reins are held.
सौत्ये कर्मणि संयुक्तो वर्तते गरुडाग्रजः । तथैव बालखिल्याख्या ऋषयोऽङ्गुष्ठपर्वकाः
Engaged in the charioteer's task is Garuḍa's elder brother; likewise, the sages called Bālakhilyas, as small as thumb-joints, are present.
प्रमाणेन परिख्याताः षष्टिसाहस्रसंख्यकाः । स्तुवन्ति पुरतः सूर्यं सूक्तवाक्यैः सुशोभनैः
They are counted as sixty thousand in number, measured precisely; they praise the Sun in front with beautiful hymns and words.
तथा चान्ये च ऋषयो गन्धर्वा अप्सरोरगाः । ग्रामण्यो यातुधानाश्च देवाः सर्वे परेश्वरम्
Likewise, other sages, Gandharvas, Apsaras, Nāgas, chiefs, Yātudhānas, and all the gods worship the Supreme Lord.
एकैकशः सप्त सप्त मासि मासि विरोचनम् । सार्धलक्षोत्तरं कोटिनवकं भूमिमण्डलम्
Each group of seven, month by month, traverses the earth's circle, which measures nine crores and one and a half lakhs.
द्विसहस्रं योजनानां स गव्यूत्युत्तरं क्षणात् । पर्येति देवदेवेशो विश्वव्यापी निरन्तरम्
In a moment, the Lord of gods, pervading the universe, circles two thousand yojanas beyond the range of cow-pastures, ceaselessly.
सोमादिगतिवर्णनम् श्रीनारायण उवाच अथातः श्रूयतां चित्रं सोमादीनां गमादिकम् । तद्गत्यनुसृता नॄणां शुभाशुभनिदर्शना
Description of the movement of Soma and others. Śrī Nārāyaṇa said: Now, listen to the wondrous movements of Soma and the others; their paths indicate the auspicious and inauspicious for people.
यथा कुलालचक्रेण भ्रमता भ्रमतां सह । तदाश्रयाणां च गतिरन्या कीटादिनां भवेत्
Just as, when a potter's wheel spins, those attached to it move with it, but the movement of insects and others upon it is different.
एवं हि राशिवृन्देन कालचक्रेण तेन च । मेरुं धुरं च सरतां प्रादक्षिण्येन सर्वदा
In the same way, by the group of signs and the wheel of time, Meru and the pole are always circled to the right by those who move.
ग्रहाणां भानुमुख्यानां गतिरन्यैव दृश्यते । नक्षत्रान्तरगामित्वाद्भान्तरे गमनं तथा
The movement of the planets, with the Sun as chief, is seen to be different; because they move among the constellations, their motion within is thus.
गतिद्वयं चाविरुद्धं सर्वत्रैष विनिर्णयः । स एव भगवानादिपुरुषो लोकभावनः
Both types of movement are not contradictory; this is the decision everywhere. That very Lord, the Primeval Person, is the creator of the worlds.
नारायणोऽखिलाधारो लोकानां स्वस्तये भ्रमन् । कर्मशुद्धिनिमित्तं तु आत्मानं वै त्रयीमयम्
Nārāyaṇa, the support of all, moves for the welfare of the worlds; for the sake of purification of actions, He Himself becomes the embodiment of the three Vedas.
कविभिश्चैव वेदेन विजिज्ञास्योऽर्कधाभवत् । षट्सु क्रमेण ऋतुषु वसन्तादिषु च स्वयम्
He is to be known by the wise and through the Veda as the essence of the Sun; in the six seasons, beginning with spring, He Himself manifests.
यथोपजोषमृतुजान् गुणान् वै विदधाति च । तमेनं पुरुषाः सर्वे त्रय्या च विद्यया सदा
According to the season, He bestows the qualities born of the seasons; all people always know Him through the triple knowledge.
वर्णाश्रमाचारपथा तथाम्नातैश्च कर्मभिः । उच्चावचैः श्रद्धया च योगानां च वितानकैः
By the paths of conduct prescribed for the classes and stages of life, and by actions enjoined in the scriptures, both high and low, with faith, and by the various practices of yoga,
अञ्जसा च यजन्ते ये श्रेयो विन्दन्ति ते मतम् । अथैष आत्मा लोकानां द्यावाभूम्यन्तरेण च
Those who worship straightforwardly attain the highest good, which is my opinion; and this self is the inner essence of all worlds, between heaven and earth.
कालचक्रगतो भुङ्क्ते मासान्द्वादशराशिभिः । संवत्सरस्यावयवान्मासः पक्षद्वयं दिवा
Moving within the wheel of time, it enjoys through the twelve signs of the months; from the divisions of the year, a month consists of two fortnights, day
नक्तं चेति स पादर्क्षद्वयमित्युपदिश्यते । यावता षष्ठमंशं स भुञ्जीत ऋतुरुच्यते
and night—thus, it is taught as two feet, each consisting of a fortnight; as much as it enjoys a sixth part, that is called a season.
संवत्सरस्यावयवः कविभिश्चोपवर्णितः । यावतार्धेन चाकाशवीथ्यां प्रचरते रविः
A season is described by poets as a division of the year; and as the sun travels half its path in the sky,
तं प्राक्तना वर्णयन्ति अयनं मुनिपूजिताः । अथ यावन्नभोमण्डलं सह प्रतिगच्छति
That is called the previous solstice by revered sages; and as far as it traverses the celestial sphere together,
कार्त्स्न्येन सह भुञ्जीत कालं तं वत्सरं विदुः । संवत्सरं परिवत्सरमिडावत्सरमेव च
When it enjoys the whole together, that time is known as a year; the year, parivatsara, idāvatsara,
अनुवत्सरमिद्वत्सरमिति पञ्चकमीरितम् । भानोर्मान्द्यशैघ्र्यसमगतिभिः कालवित्तमैः
anuvatsara, and idvatsara—thus, a group of five is declared; by those who know time, according to the sun’s slow, swift, and equal movements.
एवं भानोर्गतिः प्रोक्ता चन्द्रादीनां निबोधत । एवं चन्द्रोऽर्करश्मिभ्यो लक्षयोजनमूर्ध्वतः
Thus the sun’s motion is spoken of; now listen to that of the moon and others. In this way, the moon is found a hundred thousand yojanas above the sun’s rays.
उपलभ्यमानो मित्रस्य संवत्सरभुजिं च सः । पक्षाभ्यां चौषधीनाथो भुङ्क्ते मासभुजिं च सः
Being perceived, it also enjoys the year along with Mitra; and by two fortnights, it enjoys the plants, and by months, it enjoys them as well.
सपादमाभ्यां दिवसभुक्तिं पक्षभुजिं चरेत् । एवं शीघ्रगतिः सोमो भुङ्क्ते नूनं भचक्रकम्
With a quarter and a half, it enjoys the days, and by fortnights, it partakes; thus, the swiftly moving moon certainly enjoys the zodiac.
पूर्यमाणकलाभिश्चामराणां प्रीतिमावहन् । क्षीयमाणकलाभिश्च पितॄणां चित्तरञ्जकः
When its digits are waxing, it brings delight to the gods; and when its digits are waning, it brings joy to the ancestors.
अहोरात्राणि तन्वानः पूर्वापरसुघस्रकैः । सर्वजीवनिकायस्य प्राणो जीवः स एव हि
Increasing days and nights with its beautiful garlands of the past and future, it is indeed the vital breath, the life of all living beings.
भुङ्क्ते चैकैकनक्षत्रं मुहूर्तत्रिंशता विभुः । स एव षोडशकलः पुरुषोऽनादिसत्तमः
It enjoys each star for thirty muhurtas, the mighty one; it is the sixteen-phased person, the most ancient and excellent.
मनोमयोऽप्यन्नमयोऽमृतधामा सुधाकरः । देवपितृमनुष्यादिसरीसृपसवीरुधाम्
Composed of mind and food, abode of nectar, the moon is the giver of ambrosia; to gods, ancestors, humans, reptiles, and plants.
प्राणाप्यायनशीलत्वात्स सर्वमय उच्यते । ततो भचक्रं भ्रमति योजनानां त्रिलक्षतः
Because it nourishes life, it is called all-pervading; then the zodiac revolves, spanning three hundred thousand yojanas.