पर्येति कालचक्रात्मा द्युमणिः कालबुद्धये । तथा चान्ये ग्रहाः सोमादयो ये दिग्विचारिणः
The radiant orb, embodying the wheel of time, moves for the understanding of time; likewise, the other planets, beginning with the moon, which wander the directions.
नक्षत्रैः सह चोद्यन्ति सह चास्तं व्रजन्ति ते । एवं मुहूर्तेन रथो भानोरष्टशताधिकम्
Together with the stars, they rise and set; thus, in one muhūrta, the chariot of the sun travels more than eight hundred yojanas.
योजनानां चतुस्त्रिंशल्लक्षाणि भ्रमति प्रभुः । त्रयीमयश्चतुर्दिक्षु पुरीषु च समीरणात्
The lord traverses three hundred and twenty thousand yojanas; composed of the three Vedas, in the four directions and cities, by the wind.
प्रवहाख्यात्सदा कालचक्रं पर्येति भानुमान् । यस्य चक्रं रथस्यैकं द्वादशारं त्रिनाभिकम्
The sun, called Bhanu, always moves by the wind named Pravaha, along the wheel of time; his chariot has one wheel with twelve spokes and three hubs.
षण्नेमि कवयस्तं च वत्सरात्मकमूचिरे । मेरुमूर्धनि तस्याक्षो मानसोत्तरपर्वते
The wise have declared that its six rims represent the year; its axle is on the summit of Meru, on the mountain called Manasottara.
कृतेतरविभागो यः प्रोतं तत्र रथाङ्गकम् । तैलकारकयन्त्रेण चक्रसाम्यं परिभ्रमन्
The division of the other parts is fixed there, and the chariot's body is fastened; revolving in balance like the mechanism of an oil-press.
मानसोत्तरनाम्नीह गिरौ पर्येति चांशुमान् । तस्मिन्नक्षे कृतं मूलं द्वितीयोऽक्षो ध्रुवे कृतः
On the mountain named Mānasa-uttara, the radiant Sun moves; in that constellation, the first axle is fixed, and the second axle is set at Dhruva.
तुर्यमानेन तैलस्य यन्त्राक्षवदितीरितः । कृतोपरितनो भागः सूर्यस्य जगतां पतेः
As with the fourth measure of oil in a machine's axle, so is described the upper portion of the Sun, the Lord of the worlds.
रथनीडस्तु षट्त्रिंशल्लक्षयोजनमायतः । तत्तुर्यभागतः सोऽयं परिणाहेन कीर्तितः
The chariot platform is thirty-six lakh yojanas in length; this is said to be the fourth part, measured by its circumference.
तावानर्करथस्यात्र युगस्तस्मिन्हयाः शुभाः । सप्तच्छन्दोऽभिधानाश्च सूरसूतेन योजिताः
So great is the yoke of the Sun's chariot here; to it are yoked the auspicious seven horses, named after the seven meters, harnessed by the charioteer of the Sun.
वहन्ति देवमादित्यं लोकानां सुखहेतवे । पुरस्तात्सवितुः सूतोऽरुणः पश्चान्नियोजितः
They carry the god Āditya, the cause of happiness for the worlds; in front of Sūrya is the charioteer Aruṇa, and behind, the reins are held.
सौत्ये कर्मणि संयुक्तो वर्तते गरुडाग्रजः । तथैव बालखिल्याख्या ऋषयोऽङ्गुष्ठपर्वकाः
Engaged in the charioteer's task is Garuḍa's elder brother; likewise, the sages called Bālakhilyas, as small as thumb-joints, are present.
प्रमाणेन परिख्याताः षष्टिसाहस्रसंख्यकाः । स्तुवन्ति पुरतः सूर्यं सूक्तवाक्यैः सुशोभनैः
They are counted as sixty thousand in number, measured precisely; they praise the Sun in front with beautiful hymns and words.
तथा चान्ये च ऋषयो गन्धर्वा अप्सरोरगाः । ग्रामण्यो यातुधानाश्च देवाः सर्वे परेश्वरम्
Likewise, other sages, Gandharvas, Apsaras, Nāgas, chiefs, Yātudhānas, and all the gods worship the Supreme Lord.
एकैकशः सप्त सप्त मासि मासि विरोचनम् । सार्धलक्षोत्तरं कोटिनवकं भूमिमण्डलम्
Each group of seven, month by month, traverses the earth's circle, which measures nine crores and one and a half lakhs.
द्विसहस्रं योजनानां स गव्यूत्युत्तरं क्षणात् । पर्येति देवदेवेशो विश्वव्यापी निरन्तरम्
In a moment, the Lord of gods, pervading the universe, circles two thousand yojanas beyond the range of cow-pastures, ceaselessly.
सोमादिगतिवर्णनम् श्रीनारायण उवाच अथातः श्रूयतां चित्रं सोमादीनां गमादिकम् । तद्गत्यनुसृता नॄणां शुभाशुभनिदर्शना
Description of the movement of Soma and others. Śrī Nārāyaṇa said: Now, listen to the wondrous movements of Soma and the others; their paths indicate the auspicious and inauspicious for people.
यथा कुलालचक्रेण भ्रमता भ्रमतां सह । तदाश्रयाणां च गतिरन्या कीटादिनां भवेत्
Just as, when a potter's wheel spins, those attached to it move with it, but the movement of insects and others upon it is different.
एवं हि राशिवृन्देन कालचक्रेण तेन च । मेरुं धुरं च सरतां प्रादक्षिण्येन सर्वदा
In the same way, by the group of signs and the wheel of time, Meru and the pole are always circled to the right by those who move.
ग्रहाणां भानुमुख्यानां गतिरन्यैव दृश्यते । नक्षत्रान्तरगामित्वाद्भान्तरे गमनं तथा
The movement of the planets, with the Sun as chief, is seen to be different; because they move among the constellations, their motion within is thus.
गतिद्वयं चाविरुद्धं सर्वत्रैष विनिर्णयः । स एव भगवानादिपुरुषो लोकभावनः
Both types of movement are not contradictory; this is the decision everywhere. That very Lord, the Primeval Person, is the creator of the worlds.
नारायणोऽखिलाधारो लोकानां स्वस्तये भ्रमन् । कर्मशुद्धिनिमित्तं तु आत्मानं वै त्रयीमयम्
Nārāyaṇa, the support of all, moves for the welfare of the worlds; for the sake of purification of actions, He Himself becomes the embodiment of the three Vedas.
कविभिश्चैव वेदेन विजिज्ञास्योऽर्कधाभवत् । षट्सु क्रमेण ऋतुषु वसन्तादिषु च स्वयम्
He is to be known by the wise and through the Veda as the essence of the Sun; in the six seasons, beginning with spring, He Himself manifests.
यथोपजोषमृतुजान् गुणान् वै विदधाति च । तमेनं पुरुषाः सर्वे त्रय्या च विद्यया सदा
According to the season, He bestows the qualities born of the seasons; all people always know Him through the triple knowledge.
वर्णाश्रमाचारपथा तथाम्नातैश्च कर्मभिः । उच्चावचैः श्रद्धया च योगानां च वितानकैः
By the paths of conduct prescribed for the classes and stages of life, and by actions enjoined in the scriptures, both high and low, with faith, and by the various practices of yoga,
अञ्जसा च यजन्ते ये श्रेयो विन्दन्ति ते मतम् । अथैष आत्मा लोकानां द्यावाभूम्यन्तरेण च
Those who worship straightforwardly attain the highest good, which is my opinion; and this self is the inner essence of all worlds, between heaven and earth.
कालचक्रगतो भुङ्क्ते मासान्द्वादशराशिभिः । संवत्सरस्यावयवान्मासः पक्षद्वयं दिवा
Moving within the wheel of time, it enjoys through the twelve signs of the months; from the divisions of the year, a month consists of two fortnights, day
नक्तं चेति स पादर्क्षद्वयमित्युपदिश्यते । यावता षष्ठमंशं स भुञ्जीत ऋतुरुच्यते
and night—thus, it is taught as two feet, each consisting of a fortnight; as much as it enjoys a sixth part, that is called a season.
संवत्सरस्यावयवः कविभिश्चोपवर्णितः । यावतार्धेन चाकाशवीथ्यां प्रचरते रविः
A season is described by poets as a division of the year; and as the sun travels half its path in the sky,
तं प्राक्तना वर्णयन्ति अयनं मुनिपूजिताः । अथ यावन्नभोमण्डलं सह प्रतिगच्छति
That is called the previous solstice by revered sages; and as far as it traverses the celestial sphere together,