कर्षणं पाशयोर्वायुबद्धयो रोहणं स्मृतम् । तदाभ्यन्तरगान्मण्डलाद्रथस्य गतेर्भवेत्
The pulling of the yokes by wind is called ascent; then, the movement of the chariot occurs within the inner sphere.
मान्द्यं दिवसवृद्धिश्च जायते सुरसत्तम । रात्रिह्रासश्च भवति सौम्यायनक्रमो ह्ययम्
O best of the gods, then slowness and the increase of the day arise; the decrease of night occurs—this is the order of the northern course.
दक्षिणायनके पाशे प्रेरणादवरोहणम् । बहिर्मण्डलवेशेन गतिशैघ्र्यं तदा भवेत्
In the southern course, due to the urging of the yoke, descent occurs; then, because of the outer sphere, the movement becomes swift.
तदा दिनाल्पता रात्रिवृद्धिश्च परिकीर्तिता । वैषुवे पाशसाम्यात्तु समावस्थानतो रवेः
Then, the day becomes short and the increase of night is described; at the equinox, due to the equality of the yokes, the sun attains a balanced state.
मध्यमण्डलवेशश्च साम्यं रात्रिदिनादिके । आकृष्येते यदा तौ तु ध्रुवेण समधिष्ठितौ
With the arrangement of the middle sphere, there is equality in day and night; when both are drawn and established by the pole.
तदाभ्यन्तरतः सूर्यो भ्रमते मण्डलानि च । ध्रुवेण मुच्यमानेन पुना रश्मियुगेन तु
Then, the sun moves within, along with the spheres; when released by the pole, again by the pair of rays.
तथैव बाह्यतः सूर्यो भ्रमते मण्डलानि च । तस्मिन्मेरौ पूर्वभागे पुर्यैन्द्री देवधानिका
Likewise, the sun moves externally, along with the spheres; on the eastern side of Meru is the city called Puryāindrī, abode of the gods.
दक्षिणे वै संयमनी नाम याम्या महापुरी । पश्चान्निम्लोचनी नाम वारुणी वै महापुरी
To the south is the great city called Saṃyamanī, the Yāmyā; to the west is the great city called Nimlocanī, the abode of Varuṇa.
तदुत्तरे पुरी सौम्या प्रोक्ता नाम विभावरी । ऐन्द्रपुर्यां रवेः प्रोक्त उदयो ब्रह्मवादिभिः
Next to that is the gentle city called Vibhavari; in the city of Indra, the sunrise of the sun is said to occur there, according to the knowers of Brahman.
संयमन्यां च मध्याह्ने निम्लोचन्यां निमीलनम् । विभावर्यां निशीथः स्यात्तिग्मांशोः सुरपूजितः
At Samyamani, it is midday; at Nimlocani, it is sunset; in Vibhavari, it is midnight, when the blazing sun is worshipped by the gods.
प्रवृत्तेश्च निमित्तानि भूतानां तानि सर्वशः । मेरोश्चतुर्दिशं भानोः कीर्तितानि मया मुने
All the omens of the movements of beings have been described by me, O sage, in the four directions from Meru, regarding the sun.
मेरुस्थानां सदा मध्यं गत एव विभाति हि । सव्यं गच्छन्दक्षिणेन करोति स्वर्णपर्वतम्
The center of Meru always appears as the middle point; as the sun moves to the right, it makes the golden mountain its southern side.
उदयास्तमये चैव सर्वकालं तु सम्मुखे । दिशास्वशेषासु तथा सुरर्षे विदिशासु च
At sunrise and sunset, at all times, the sun is seen directly in front; likewise, in the remaining directions and intermediate directions, O sage among the gods.
यैर्यत्र दृश्यते भास्वान्स तेषामुदयः स्मृतः । तिरोभावं च यत्रैति तत्रैवास्तमनं रवेः
Wherever the sun is seen by people, that is called its rising; and wherever it disappears, that is considered its setting.
नैवास्तमनमर्कस्य नोदयः सर्वदा सतः । उदयास्तमनाख्यं हि दर्शनादर्शनं रवेः
The sun, which is ever-existent, truly has neither setting nor rising; what is called sunrise and sunset is merely its appearance and disappearance.
शक्रादीनां पुरे तिष्ठन्स्पृशत्येष पुरत्रयम् । विकर्णौ द्वौ विकर्णस्थस्त्रीन्कोणान्द्वे पुरे तथा
Dwelling in the cities of Indra and others, the sun touches three cities; in Vikarni, it touches two corners, and in two other cities, three corners.
सर्वेषां द्वीपवर्षाणां मेरुरुत्तरतः स्थितः । यैर्यत्र दृश्यते भानुः सैव प्राचीति चोच्यते
Meru is situated to the north of all the continents and regions; wherever the sun is seen by people, that is called the east.
तद्वामभागतो मेरुर्वर्ततेति विनिर्णयः । यदि चैन्द्र्याः प्रचलते घटिका दशपञ्चभिः
It is determined that Meru lies to the left side of that; and if from Indra's city the ghatika clock moves by fifteen units,
याम्यां तदा योजनानां सपादं कोटियुग्मकम् । सार्धद्वादशलक्षाणि पञ्चनेत्रसहस्रकम्
Then, in the southern region, the sun travels one crore and a quarter yojanas, plus twelve and a half lakhs and five thousand yojanas.
प्रक्रामति सहस्रांशुः कालमार्गप्रदर्शकः । एवं ततो वारुणीं च सौम्यामैन्द्रीं सहस्रदृक्
The thousand-rayed sun, the indicator of time's path, proceeds thus; in this way, he traverses the Varuni, Saumya, and Aindri cities.
पर्येति कालचक्रात्मा द्युमणिः कालबुद्धये । तथा चान्ये ग्रहाः सोमादयो ये दिग्विचारिणः
The radiant orb, embodying the wheel of time, moves for the understanding of time; likewise, the other planets, beginning with the moon, which wander the directions.
नक्षत्रैः सह चोद्यन्ति सह चास्तं व्रजन्ति ते । एवं मुहूर्तेन रथो भानोरष्टशताधिकम्
Together with the stars, they rise and set; thus, in one muhūrta, the chariot of the sun travels more than eight hundred yojanas.
योजनानां चतुस्त्रिंशल्लक्षाणि भ्रमति प्रभुः । त्रयीमयश्चतुर्दिक्षु पुरीषु च समीरणात्
The lord traverses three hundred and twenty thousand yojanas; composed of the three Vedas, in the four directions and cities, by the wind.
प्रवहाख्यात्सदा कालचक्रं पर्येति भानुमान् । यस्य चक्रं रथस्यैकं द्वादशारं त्रिनाभिकम्
The sun, called Bhanu, always moves by the wind named Pravaha, along the wheel of time; his chariot has one wheel with twelve spokes and three hubs.
षण्नेमि कवयस्तं च वत्सरात्मकमूचिरे । मेरुमूर्धनि तस्याक्षो मानसोत्तरपर्वते
The wise have declared that its six rims represent the year; its axle is on the summit of Meru, on the mountain called Manasottara.
कृतेतरविभागो यः प्रोतं तत्र रथाङ्गकम् । तैलकारकयन्त्रेण चक्रसाम्यं परिभ्रमन्
The division of the other parts is fixed there, and the chariot's body is fastened; revolving in balance like the mechanism of an oil-press.
मानसोत्तरनाम्नीह गिरौ पर्येति चांशुमान् । तस्मिन्नक्षे कृतं मूलं द्वितीयोऽक्षो ध्रुवे कृतः
On the mountain named Mānasa-uttara, the radiant Sun moves; in that constellation, the first axle is fixed, and the second axle is set at Dhruva.
तुर्यमानेन तैलस्य यन्त्राक्षवदितीरितः । कृतोपरितनो भागः सूर्यस्य जगतां पतेः
As with the fourth measure of oil in a machine's axle, so is described the upper portion of the Sun, the Lord of the worlds.
रथनीडस्तु षट्त्रिंशल्लक्षयोजनमायतः । तत्तुर्यभागतः सोऽयं परिणाहेन कीर्तितः
The chariot platform is thirty-six lakh yojanas in length; this is said to be the fourth part, measured by its circumference.
तावानर्करथस्यात्र युगस्तस्मिन्हयाः शुभाः । सप्तच्छन्दोऽभिधानाश्च सूरसूतेन योजिताः
So great is the yoke of the Sun's chariot here; to it are yoked the auspicious seven horses, named after the seven meters, harnessed by the charioteer of the Sun.