तदापीमान्यहोरात्राणि भवन्ति विपर्ययात्
Even then, these days and nights occur in reverse order.
भुवनकोशवर्णने सूर्यगतिवर्णनम् श्रीनारायण उवाच अतः परं प्रवक्ष्यामि भानोर्गमनमुत्तमम् । शीघ्रमन्दादिगतिभिस्त्रिविधं गमनं रवेः
Description of the cosmic spheres and the movement of the sun. Śrī Nārāyaṇa said: Now I will explain the excellent motion of the sun; its movement is threefold—swift, slow, and intermediate.
सर्वग्रहाणां त्रीण्येव स्थानानि सुरसत्तम । स्थानं जारद्गवं मध्यं तथैरावतमुत्तरम्
O best of the gods, all planets have only three positions: the Jāradgava, the middle, and the Airāvata, the northern.
वैश्वानरं दक्षिणतो निर्दिष्टमिति तत्त्वतः । अश्विनी कृत्तिका याम्या नागवीथीति शब्दिता
The Vaiśvānara is designated to the south, according to truth; the Ashvinī, Kṛttikā, and Yāmyā are called the Nāga path.
रोहिण्यार्द्रा मृगशिरो गजवीथ्यभिधीयते । पुष्याश्लेषा तथाऽऽदित्या वीथी चैरावती स्मृता
Rohiṇī, Ārdrā, and Mṛgaśiras are known as the Gaja path; Puṣya, Śleṣā, and Āditya are remembered as the Airāvata path.
एतास्तु वीथयस्तिस्र उत्तरो मार्ग उच्यते । तथा द्वे चापि फल्गुन्यौ मघा चैवार्षभी मता
These three paths are called the northern route; likewise, the two Phalgunīs and Maghā are considered the Vṛṣabha path.
हस्तश्चित्रा तथा स्वाती गोवीथीति तु शब्दिता । ज्येष्ठा विशाखानुराधा वीथी जारद्गवी मता
Hasta, Citrā, and Svātī are called the Go path; Jyeṣṭhā, Viśākhā, and Anurādhā are known as the Jāradgava path.
एतास्तु वीथयस्तिस्रो मध्यमो मार्ग उच्यते । मूलाषाढोत्तराषाढा अजवीथ्यभिशब्दिता
These three paths are called the middle route; Mūla, Āṣāḍha, and Uttarāṣāḍha are named the Aja path.
श्रवणं च धनिष्ठा च मार्गी शतभिषक् तथा । वैश्वानरी भाद्रपदे रेवती चैव कीर्तिता
Śravaṇa and Dhaniṣṭhā, as well as Mārgī and Śatabhiṣak, are called the Vaiśvānara path; Bhādrapada and Revatī are also mentioned.
एतास्तु वीथयस्तिस्रो दक्षिणो मार्ग उच्यते । उत्तरायणमासाद्य युगाक्षान्तर्निबद्धयोः
These three paths are called the southern route; when the sun reaches the Uttarāyaṇa, it is bound within the pair of yokes.
कर्षणं पाशयोर्वायुबद्धयो रोहणं स्मृतम् । तदाभ्यन्तरगान्मण्डलाद्रथस्य गतेर्भवेत्
The pulling of the yokes by wind is called ascent; then, the movement of the chariot occurs within the inner sphere.
मान्द्यं दिवसवृद्धिश्च जायते सुरसत्तम । रात्रिह्रासश्च भवति सौम्यायनक्रमो ह्ययम्
O best of the gods, then slowness and the increase of the day arise; the decrease of night occurs—this is the order of the northern course.
दक्षिणायनके पाशे प्रेरणादवरोहणम् । बहिर्मण्डलवेशेन गतिशैघ्र्यं तदा भवेत्
In the southern course, due to the urging of the yoke, descent occurs; then, because of the outer sphere, the movement becomes swift.
तदा दिनाल्पता रात्रिवृद्धिश्च परिकीर्तिता । वैषुवे पाशसाम्यात्तु समावस्थानतो रवेः
Then, the day becomes short and the increase of night is described; at the equinox, due to the equality of the yokes, the sun attains a balanced state.
मध्यमण्डलवेशश्च साम्यं रात्रिदिनादिके । आकृष्येते यदा तौ तु ध्रुवेण समधिष्ठितौ
With the arrangement of the middle sphere, there is equality in day and night; when both are drawn and established by the pole.
तदाभ्यन्तरतः सूर्यो भ्रमते मण्डलानि च । ध्रुवेण मुच्यमानेन पुना रश्मियुगेन तु
Then, the sun moves within, along with the spheres; when released by the pole, again by the pair of rays.
तथैव बाह्यतः सूर्यो भ्रमते मण्डलानि च । तस्मिन्मेरौ पूर्वभागे पुर्यैन्द्री देवधानिका
Likewise, the sun moves externally, along with the spheres; on the eastern side of Meru is the city called Puryāindrī, abode of the gods.
दक्षिणे वै संयमनी नाम याम्या महापुरी । पश्चान्निम्लोचनी नाम वारुणी वै महापुरी
To the south is the great city called Saṃyamanī, the Yāmyā; to the west is the great city called Nimlocanī, the abode of Varuṇa.
तदुत्तरे पुरी सौम्या प्रोक्ता नाम विभावरी । ऐन्द्रपुर्यां रवेः प्रोक्त उदयो ब्रह्मवादिभिः
Next to that is the gentle city called Vibhavari; in the city of Indra, the sunrise of the sun is said to occur there, according to the knowers of Brahman.
संयमन्यां च मध्याह्ने निम्लोचन्यां निमीलनम् । विभावर्यां निशीथः स्यात्तिग्मांशोः सुरपूजितः
At Samyamani, it is midday; at Nimlocani, it is sunset; in Vibhavari, it is midnight, when the blazing sun is worshipped by the gods.
प्रवृत्तेश्च निमित्तानि भूतानां तानि सर्वशः । मेरोश्चतुर्दिशं भानोः कीर्तितानि मया मुने
All the omens of the movements of beings have been described by me, O sage, in the four directions from Meru, regarding the sun.
मेरुस्थानां सदा मध्यं गत एव विभाति हि । सव्यं गच्छन्दक्षिणेन करोति स्वर्णपर्वतम्
The center of Meru always appears as the middle point; as the sun moves to the right, it makes the golden mountain its southern side.
उदयास्तमये चैव सर्वकालं तु सम्मुखे । दिशास्वशेषासु तथा सुरर्षे विदिशासु च
At sunrise and sunset, at all times, the sun is seen directly in front; likewise, in the remaining directions and intermediate directions, O sage among the gods.
यैर्यत्र दृश्यते भास्वान्स तेषामुदयः स्मृतः । तिरोभावं च यत्रैति तत्रैवास्तमनं रवेः
Wherever the sun is seen by people, that is called its rising; and wherever it disappears, that is considered its setting.
नैवास्तमनमर्कस्य नोदयः सर्वदा सतः । उदयास्तमनाख्यं हि दर्शनादर्शनं रवेः
The sun, which is ever-existent, truly has neither setting nor rising; what is called sunrise and sunset is merely its appearance and disappearance.
शक्रादीनां पुरे तिष्ठन्स्पृशत्येष पुरत्रयम् । विकर्णौ द्वौ विकर्णस्थस्त्रीन्कोणान्द्वे पुरे तथा
Dwelling in the cities of Indra and others, the sun touches three cities; in Vikarni, it touches two corners, and in two other cities, three corners.
सर्वेषां द्वीपवर्षाणां मेरुरुत्तरतः स्थितः । यैर्यत्र दृश्यते भानुः सैव प्राचीति चोच्यते
Meru is situated to the north of all the continents and regions; wherever the sun is seen by people, that is called the east.
तद्वामभागतो मेरुर्वर्ततेति विनिर्णयः । यदि चैन्द्र्याः प्रचलते घटिका दशपञ्चभिः
It is determined that Meru lies to the left side of that; and if from Indra's city the ghatika clock moves by fifteen units,
याम्यां तदा योजनानां सपादं कोटियुग्मकम् । सार्धद्वादशलक्षाणि पञ्चनेत्रसहस्रकम्
Then, in the southern region, the sun travels one crore and a quarter yojanas, plus twelve and a half lakhs and five thousand yojanas.
प्रक्रामति सहस्रांशुः कालमार्गप्रदर्शकः । एवं ततो वारुणीं च सौम्यामैन्द्रीं सहस्रदृक्
The thousand-rayed sun, the indicator of time's path, proceeds thus; in this way, he traverses the Varuni, Saumya, and Aindri cities.