विप्रो रोषेण तत्याज तं च पुत्रं स्वकामिनीम् 1.10.
Out of anger, the brahmin abandoned both his son and his beloved.
पुत्रं चिकित्साशास्त्रं च पाठयामास यत्नतः
He diligently taught his son the science of medicine.
विप्रश्च वेतनाज्योतिर्गणनाच्च निरन्तरम्
And the brahmin, always engaged in calculating fees and astrology.
लोभी विप्रश्च शूद्राणामग्रे दानं गृहीतवान्
The greedy brahmin accepted gifts in the presence of shudras.
कश्चित्पुमान्ब्रह्मयज्ञे यज्ञकुण्डात्समुत्थितः
A certain man arose from the sacrificial fire-pit during a Brahma-yajña.
पुराणं पाठयामास तं च ब्रह्मा कृपानिधिः
That one, a repository of compassion, Brahma himself, taught him the Purāṇa.
वैश्यायां सूतवीर्य्येण पुमानेको बभूव ह
By the power of a sūta, a single man was born from a vaiśya woman.
एवं ते कथितः किंचित्पृथिव्यां जातिनिर्णय
Thus, I have told you a little about the determination of birth on earth.
सबन्धो येषु येषां यः सर्वजातिषु सर्वतः
Whoever is related to whom, in all castes and everywhere—
पिता तातस्तु जनको जन्मदाता प्रकीर्तितः
The father, also called 'tāta', is known as the begetter, the giver of birth.
पितामहः पितृपिता तत्पिता प्रपितापहः 1.10.
The paternal grandfather is the father’s father; his father is called the great-grandfather.
मातामहः पिता मातुः प्रमातामह एव च
The maternal grandfather is the mother’s father, and the great-grandfather on the mother’s side as well.
पितामही पितुर्माता तच्छ्वश्रूः प्रपितामही
The paternal grandmother is the father’s mother, and her mother-in-law is the great-grandmother.
मातामही मातृमाता मातृतुल्या च पूजिता
The maternal grandmother is the mother’s mother, and one honored as equal to the mother.
वृद्धमातामही ज्ञेया पत्पितुः कामिनी तथा
The aged maternal grandmother and likewise the wife of the father’s father are to be understood as such.
पितृष्वसा पितुर्मातृष्वसा मातुस्स्वसा स्मृता
The father’s sister, the mother’s sister, and the mother’s own sister are remembered as such.
धनभाग्वीर्य्यजश्चैव पुंसि जन्ये च वर्त्तते
The one who possesses wealth, the one born of virility, and so too in the case of a man, these exist in the lineage.
पुत्रपत्नी वधू ज्ञेया जामाता दुहितुः पतिः
The son’s wife is to be known as the daughter-in-law; the husband of the daughter is the son-in-law.
देवरः स्वामिनो भ्राता ननांदा स्वामिनः स्वसा
The younger brother-in-law is the husband’s brother; the nananda is the husband’s sister.
भार्य्या जाया प्रिया कान्ता स्त्री व पत्नी प्रकीर्तिता
Wife, spouse, beloved, dear one, and woman are all terms used for a wife.
पत्नीमाता तथा श्वश्रूस्तत्पिता श्वशुरः स्मृतः 1.10.
The wife’s mother is called the mother-in-law, and her father is known as the father-in-law.
भगिनीजो भागिनेयो भ्रातृजो भ्रातृपुत्रकः
The son of a sister, the son of a brother, and the son’s son of a brother are so designated.
श्यालीपतिस्तु भ्राता च श्वशुरैकत्वहेतुना
The husband of a sister-in-law and the brother are considered so due to the unity of the father-in-law.
अन्नदाता भयत्राता पत्नीतातस्तथैव च
The giver of food, the protector from fear, and the wife’s father are likewise so regarded.
अन्नदातुश्च या पत्नी भगिनी गुरुकामिनी माता च तत्सपत्नी च कन्या पुत्रप्रिया तथा
The wife of the giver of food, a sister, the wife of the teacher, the mother, her co-wife, a maiden, and one dear to the son are also so considered.
मातुर्माता पितुर्माता श्वश्रूपित्रोः स्वसा तथा
The mother’s mother, the father’s mother, and the sister of the parents-in-law are likewise so regarded.
पौत्रस्तु पुत्रपुत्रे च प्रपौत्रस्तत्सुतेऽपि च
A grandson is the son’s son, and a great-grandson is the son of that son.
कन्यापुत्रश्च दौहित्रस्तत्पुत्राद्याश्च बांधवाः
The daughter’s son and the daughter’s daughter, and their descendants, are relatives.
भ्रातृपुत्रस्य पुत्राद्यास्ते पुनर्ज्ञातयः स्मृताः
The sons and descendants of the brother’s son are again considered kinsmen.
गुरुकन्या च भगिनी पोष्या मातृसमा मुने
The teacher’s daughter, a sister, and a fostered girl are to be regarded as equal to a mother, O sage.