माघादिषड्विनिर्मितमुत्तरायणमीप्सितम् । श्रावणादिमासषट्कं दक्षिणायनमेव च
The six months beginning with Māgha are desired as the northern course; the six months beginning with Śrāvaṇa are the southern course.
माघादाषाढपर्यन्तं दिनं वृद्धं क्रमेण वै । नक्तं वृद्धं श्रावणश्च पौषपर्यन्तमेव च
From Māgha to Āṣāḍha, the days gradually lengthen; from Śrāvaṇa to Pauṣa, the nights gradually lengthen.
प्रतिपत्पूर्णिमान्तश्च शुक्लपक्षः प्रकीर्तितः । पूर्णिमायाः प्रतिपदश्चामावास्यान्त एव च
The bright fortnight is described as beginning with the first day and ending with the full moon; the first day after the full moon marks the start of the dark fortnight, ending with the new moon.
कृष्णपक्षस्तु विज्ञेयो वेदविद्भिर्निरूपितः । द्वितीया च तृतीया च चतुर्थी पञ्चमी तथा
The dark fortnight is to be understood as established by the Vedic scholars; the second, third, fourth, and fifth days likewise—
षष्ठी च सप्तमी चैव ह्यष्टमी नवमी तथा । दशम्येकादशी चापि द्वादशी च त्रयोदशी
The sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth days—
चतुर्दशी कुहूर्यावद्दिनं तु गणनं स्मृतम् । अश्विनी भरणी चापि कृत्तिका रोहिणी तथा
The fourteenth day, called Kuhū, is remembered as the limit of the count; Aśvinī, Bharanī, Kṛttikā, and Rohiṇī likewise—
मृगशिरस्त्थाऽऽर्द्रा च नक्षत्रे द्वे पुनर्वसू । पुष्याश्लेषे मघा चैव पूर्वा चोत्तरफाल्गुनी
Mṛgaśiras and Ārdrā, two stars; Punarvasu, Puṣya, Āśleṣā, Maghā, and both Pūrvā and Uttaraphālgunī—
हस्तचित्रे तथा स्वाती विशाखा चानुराधिका । ज्येष्ठा मूलं तथा ज्ञेया पूर्वाषाढोत्तरा तथा
Hasta, Citrā, and Svātī, Viśākhā, Anurādhā; Jyeṣṭhā, Mūla, Pūrvāṣāḍhā, and Uttarāṣāḍhā—
श्रवणाभिजिती चैव धनिष्ठा च प्रकीर्तिता । ततः शतभिषा ज्ञेय पूर्वाभाद्रपदा तथा
Śravaṇa and Abhijit, Dhanisṭhā are named; then Śatabhiṣā, Pūrvābhādrapadā—
तथोत्तरा तु विज्ञेया रेवती चरमा स्मृता । अष्टाविंशति नक्षत्रं कलत्रं शशिनस्तथा
And then Uttarābhādrapadā is to be known; Revatī is remembered as the last. There are twenty-eight stars, the spouses of the moon.
क्रमेण ताभिः सार्ध च चन्द्रस्तिष्ठति नित्यशः । सप्तविंशति नक्षत्रं कलत्रं च श्रुतौ श्रुतम्
In turn, together with them, the moon always resides; twenty-seven stars are known as the moon's spouses in the tradition.
अभिजिच्छूवणच्छाया तेनाष्टाविंशतिः स्मृता । एकदा च मधौ चन्द्रो रोहिण्या वामया सह
Abhijit is considered a shadow, so twenty-eight are remembered; once, in the month of Madhu, the moon delighted with Rohiṇī, his beloved.
रेमे दिवानिशं नित्यं श्रवणा च चुकोप सा । छायां च दत्त्वा चन्द्राय ययौ तातान्तिकं भिया
He enjoyed day and night always, but Śravaṇā became angry; she gave her shadow to the moon and went to her father's house out of fear.
ततः पितरमादाय सा चक्रे च विभागकम् । बभूव तेन नक्षत्रमभिजिन्नामकं पुरा
Then, taking her father, she made a division; thus, the star named Abhijit came to be in ancient times.
एतच्छ्रुत्वा कृष्णमुखाच्छतश्रृङ्गे च पर्वते । नक्षत्रं कथितं वत्स तिथ्या भ्रमति नित्यशः
Hearing this from Krishna's mouth, on the mountain with a hundred peaks, the star is described, child, as constantly wandering through the lunar days.
योगं च करणं चैव मद्वक्त्रेण निशामय । विष्कम्भः प्रीतिरायुष्मान्सौभाग्यः शोभनस्तथा
Listen from my lips to the yoga and the calculation, which bring forth support, affection, longevity, good fortune, and beauty.
अतिगण्डः सुकर्मा च घृतिः शूलस्तथैव च । गण्डो वृद्धिर्ध्रुवश्चैव व्याघातो हर्षणास्तथा
There are also atigaṇḍa, auspicious action, ghṛti, and śūla; gaṇḍa, increase, dhruva, vyāghāta, and harṣaṇa likewise.
वज्रं सिद्धिर्व्यतीपातो वरीयान्परिघः शिवः । सिद्धिः साध्यः शुभः शुक्लो ब्रह्मेन्द्रो वैधृतिस्तथा
Vajra, accomplishment, vyatīpāta, varīyān, parigha, auspiciousness, accomplishment, sādhya, auspicious, śukla, Brahma, Indra, and vaidhṛti as well.
कीर्तितस्ते योगगणः करणं श्रूयतामिति । बवश्च बालवश्चैव कौलवस्तैतिलस्तथा
The group of yogas has been named; now listen to the calculation: bava, bālava, kaulava, and taitila.
गरश्च वणिजश्चापि विष्टिश्च शकुनिस्तथा । चतुष्पाच्चापि नागश्च किंस्तुघ्न इति कीर्तितम्
Gara, vaṇija, viṣṭi, and śakuni; also catuṣpād, nāga, and kiṃstughna are mentioned.
नराणां चापि मासेन पितॄणां च दिवानिशम् । शुक्ले चापि दिनं तेषां कृष्णे नक्तं प्रकीर्तितम्
For humans, a month; for ancestors, day and night; for them, the bright fortnight is their day, the dark fortnight is their night.
वत्सरेण नाराणां च सुराणां च दिवानिशम् । दिनं तेषामुत्तरे च नक्तं च दक्षिणायने
For humans, by the year; for gods, day and night; for them, the northern course is day, the southern course is night.
मन्वन्तरं तु दिव्यानां युगानामेकसप्ततिः । मनोरायुः परिमितं शक्रस्याऽऽयुः प्रकीर्तितम्
A manvantara is for the divine beings, seventy-one yugas; the lifespan of Manu is measured, and that of Indra is declared.
पञ्चविंशत्सहस्रं च तथा पञ्चशतं परम् । तत्र सूर्यगतिर्नास्ति शक्रपातानुसारतः
Twenty-five thousand and five hundred is the highest; there, the sun does not move, following Indra's descent.
दिवानिशं च जानन्ति ब्रह्मलोकनिवासिनः । दण्डद्वयं नरपलं शक्रपातेन तत्पलम्
The residents of Brahmaloka know day and night; two daṇḍas is a human hour, and by Indra's descent, that is its measure.
एवं त्रिशद्दिनेनैव धातुर्मासः प्रकीर्तितः । अब्दो द्वादशभिर्मासैरेवं तस्य शतायुषः
Thus, by three days, the month of the creator is declared; the year is by twelve months, thus for one whose lifespan is a hundred.
ब्रह्मणः पतनेनैव निमेषाच्छ्रीहरेरपि । धातुः पातानुसारेण वैकुण्ठे न दिवानिशम्
By Brahma's descent, even a blink of the eye is for Śrī Hari; by the creator's descent, in Vaikuṇṭha there is no day or night.
तत्र सूर्यगतिर्नास्ति चैवं गोलोकतः स्मृतम् । वैकुण्ठवासिनः सर्वे न वै जानन्त्यहर्निशम्
There, the sun does not move; thus it is remembered from Goloka; all the residents of Vaikuṇṭha do not know day and night.
चन्द्रस्यापि ग्रहाणां च गतिर्नास्ति च तत्र वै । चक्रं नैव भ्रमत्येव राशीनामिच्छया हरेः
There, neither the moon nor the planets move; the wheel does not revolve according to the zodiac signs, but by Hari's will.
दिनं च तेजसा दीप्तं कृष्णस्य परमात्मनः । नक्तं तेजोविहीनं च हरौ च मन्दिरं गते
Day is illuminated by the radiance of Krishna, the Supreme Soul; night is devoid of radiance, when Hari enters his abode.