स्वर्णमाषैः कृतच्छिद्रं यावत्प्रस्थजलप्लुतम् । दण्डद्वये मुहूर्तः स्यात्वष्टिदण्डात्मिका तिथिः
A svarṇa-māṣa with a hole, filled with water up to a prastha, is the measure; two daṇḍas make a muhūrta, and a tithi consists of eight daṇḍas.
तदष्टभागः प्रहरः प्रमाणं च निरूपणम् । चतुर्भिः प्रहरै रात्रिश्चतुर्भिर्दिनमुच्यते
An eighth part of that is called a prahara, and this is the reckoning; four praharas make a night, and four make a day.
तिथिपञ्चदशेनैव पक्षमानं प्रकीर्तितम् । पक्षद्वयेन मासः स्याच्छुक्लकृष्णाभिधेन च
A fortnight is reckoned as fifteen tithis; two fortnights make a month, known as the bright and dark halves.
ऋतुर्मासद्वयेनैव तत्षट्केनैव वत्सरः । वसन्तग्रीष्मवर्षाश्च शरद्धेमन्तशीतकाः
A season is two months, and six such make a year; spring, summer, rains, autumn, winter, and the cold season.
वर्षाः पञ्चविधा ज्ञेयाः कालविद्भिर्निरूपिताः । संवत्सरः प्रवत्सर इलावत्सर एव च
The knowers of time declare that there are five kinds of years: saṃvatsara, pravatsara, ilāvatsara, and so on.
अनुवत्सरो वत्सरोऽयमिति कालविदो विदुः । अब्दो द्विषट्कमासैश्च तन्नाम शुणु चोद्धव
Those who know time call them anuvatsara, vatsara, and so forth; a year is with two extra months—hear this name, O Uddhava.
वैशाखो ज्येष्ठ आषाढः श्रावणो भाद्र एव च । आश्विनः कार्तिको मार्गः पौषो माघस्तु फाल्गुनः
Vaiśākha, Jyeṣṭha, Āṣāḍha, Śrāvaṇa, Bhādra, Āśvina, Kārtika, Mārgashīrsha, Pauṣa, Māgha, and Phālguna—
सैत्रस्तु चरमो ज्ञेयो वर्षशेषी निरूपितः । वसन्तश्चैत्रवैशाखमासयुग्मेन कीर्तितः
Saitra is known as the last; thus the remaining months of the year are described. The season of spring is celebrated as the pair of Caitra and Vaiśākha.
ज्येष्ठावाढद्वयेनैव ग्रीष्मस्तु परिकीर्तितः । वर्षा श्रावणभद्रे च ह्याश्विने कार्तिके शरत्
Jyeṣṭha and the two Āṣāḍhas are declared as summer; the rainy season is Śrāvaṇa and Bhādra, and autumn is Āśvina and Kārtika.
मार्गे पौषे च हेमन्तः शिशिरो माघफाल्गुने । अब्दस्तु चायनै द्वे वै चोत्तरे दक्षिणायने
Mārgaśīrsha and Pauṣa are winter; Māgha and Phālguna are the cold season. The year is divided into two: the northern and southern courses.
माघादिषड्विनिर्मितमुत्तरायणमीप्सितम् । श्रावणादिमासषट्कं दक्षिणायनमेव च
The six months beginning with Māgha are desired as the northern course; the six months beginning with Śrāvaṇa are the southern course.
माघादाषाढपर्यन्तं दिनं वृद्धं क्रमेण वै । नक्तं वृद्धं श्रावणश्च पौषपर्यन्तमेव च
From Māgha to Āṣāḍha, the days gradually lengthen; from Śrāvaṇa to Pauṣa, the nights gradually lengthen.
प्रतिपत्पूर्णिमान्तश्च शुक्लपक्षः प्रकीर्तितः । पूर्णिमायाः प्रतिपदश्चामावास्यान्त एव च
The bright fortnight is described as beginning with the first day and ending with the full moon; the first day after the full moon marks the start of the dark fortnight, ending with the new moon.
कृष्णपक्षस्तु विज्ञेयो वेदविद्भिर्निरूपितः । द्वितीया च तृतीया च चतुर्थी पञ्चमी तथा
The dark fortnight is to be understood as established by the Vedic scholars; the second, third, fourth, and fifth days likewise—
षष्ठी च सप्तमी चैव ह्यष्टमी नवमी तथा । दशम्येकादशी चापि द्वादशी च त्रयोदशी
The sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth days—
चतुर्दशी कुहूर्यावद्दिनं तु गणनं स्मृतम् । अश्विनी भरणी चापि कृत्तिका रोहिणी तथा
The fourteenth day, called Kuhū, is remembered as the limit of the count; Aśvinī, Bharanī, Kṛttikā, and Rohiṇī likewise—
मृगशिरस्त्थाऽऽर्द्रा च नक्षत्रे द्वे पुनर्वसू । पुष्याश्लेषे मघा चैव पूर्वा चोत्तरफाल्गुनी
Mṛgaśiras and Ārdrā, two stars; Punarvasu, Puṣya, Āśleṣā, Maghā, and both Pūrvā and Uttaraphālgunī—
हस्तचित्रे तथा स्वाती विशाखा चानुराधिका । ज्येष्ठा मूलं तथा ज्ञेया पूर्वाषाढोत्तरा तथा
Hasta, Citrā, and Svātī, Viśākhā, Anurādhā; Jyeṣṭhā, Mūla, Pūrvāṣāḍhā, and Uttarāṣāḍhā—
श्रवणाभिजिती चैव धनिष्ठा च प्रकीर्तिता । ततः शतभिषा ज्ञेय पूर्वाभाद्रपदा तथा
Śravaṇa and Abhijit, Dhanisṭhā are named; then Śatabhiṣā, Pūrvābhādrapadā—
तथोत्तरा तु विज्ञेया रेवती चरमा स्मृता । अष्टाविंशति नक्षत्रं कलत्रं शशिनस्तथा
And then Uttarābhādrapadā is to be known; Revatī is remembered as the last. There are twenty-eight stars, the spouses of the moon.
क्रमेण ताभिः सार्ध च चन्द्रस्तिष्ठति नित्यशः । सप्तविंशति नक्षत्रं कलत्रं च श्रुतौ श्रुतम्
In turn, together with them, the moon always resides; twenty-seven stars are known as the moon's spouses in the tradition.
अभिजिच्छूवणच्छाया तेनाष्टाविंशतिः स्मृता । एकदा च मधौ चन्द्रो रोहिण्या वामया सह
Abhijit is considered a shadow, so twenty-eight are remembered; once, in the month of Madhu, the moon delighted with Rohiṇī, his beloved.
रेमे दिवानिशं नित्यं श्रवणा च चुकोप सा । छायां च दत्त्वा चन्द्राय ययौ तातान्तिकं भिया
He enjoyed day and night always, but Śravaṇā became angry; she gave her shadow to the moon and went to her father's house out of fear.
ततः पितरमादाय सा चक्रे च विभागकम् । बभूव तेन नक्षत्रमभिजिन्नामकं पुरा
Then, taking her father, she made a division; thus, the star named Abhijit came to be in ancient times.
एतच्छ्रुत्वा कृष्णमुखाच्छतश्रृङ्गे च पर्वते । नक्षत्रं कथितं वत्स तिथ्या भ्रमति नित्यशः
Hearing this from Krishna's mouth, on the mountain with a hundred peaks, the star is described, child, as constantly wandering through the lunar days.
योगं च करणं चैव मद्वक्त्रेण निशामय । विष्कम्भः प्रीतिरायुष्मान्सौभाग्यः शोभनस्तथा
Listen from my lips to the yoga and the calculation, which bring forth support, affection, longevity, good fortune, and beauty.
अतिगण्डः सुकर्मा च घृतिः शूलस्तथैव च । गण्डो वृद्धिर्ध्रुवश्चैव व्याघातो हर्षणास्तथा
There are also atigaṇḍa, auspicious action, ghṛti, and śūla; gaṇḍa, increase, dhruva, vyāghāta, and harṣaṇa likewise.
वज्रं सिद्धिर्व्यतीपातो वरीयान्परिघः शिवः । सिद्धिः साध्यः शुभः शुक्लो ब्रह्मेन्द्रो वैधृतिस्तथा
Vajra, accomplishment, vyatīpāta, varīyān, parigha, auspiciousness, accomplishment, sādhya, auspicious, śukla, Brahma, Indra, and vaidhṛti as well.
कीर्तितस्ते योगगणः करणं श्रूयतामिति । बवश्च बालवश्चैव कौलवस्तैतिलस्तथा
The group of yogas has been named; now listen to the calculation: bava, bālava, kaulava, and taitila.
गरश्च वणिजश्चापि विष्टिश्च शकुनिस्तथा । चतुष्पाच्चापि नागश्च किंस्तुघ्न इति कीर्तितम्
Gara, vaṇija, viṣṭi, and śakuni; also catuṣpād, nāga, and kiṃstughna are mentioned.