On earth, various communities came into being—garland-makers, skilled artisans, conch-shell workers, and basket weavers—all established by divine boon and set upon the land to fulfill their crafts. Among them was the goldsmith, who, having stolen gold from the Brahmins, was cast down by consequence. The thread-maker, too, was brought low by the curse of the Brahmins. In time, the painter of pictures became known for his art, his destiny unfolding accordingly. A certain kind of merchant arose through association with the goldsmith, while from the union of the painter and a courtesan of the Śūdra class, a new lineage began. Similarly, the builder of mansions fathered children with the wife of a potter, and the potter’s seed gave rise to offspring in the wife of a basket-maker. From a Kṣatriya and the wife of a prince, a child was born, as was one from a Tīvara and the wife of an oil-maker. Leṭa, in turn, begot six sons with the daughter of Tīvara. In another instance, when a Śūdra fathered a child with a Brahmin woman through the fault of adultery, that child fell from grace. From the union of Tīvara and a Caṇḍāla woman, a leather-worker was born. With a meat-cutter, Tīvara fathered one called Koñca. Leṭa’s seed brought forth a child in the daughter of a Caṇḍāla, and in due order, from a Caṇḍāla and the daughter of a bone-worker, another lineage began. On the banks of the Ganges, Leṭa fathered children with the daughter of Tīvara. From the daughter of the son of Gaṅgā, by the seed of one in disguise, another offspring was born. A Vaiśya and the daughter of Tīvara produced Śuṇḍī, while from a Kṣatriya and the daughter of Karaṇa, a prince was born. The Kaivarta caste was proclaimed from a Kṣatriya father and a Vaiśya mother. A washerman was born to Tīvarī and a Dhīvara father. From a barber and a Gopa woman came the Sarvasvī. Tīvara, with the daughter of Śuṇḍika, fathered seven sons. When a Ṛṣi united with a Brahmin woman on the first night of her fertile period, impurity equal to that of a fallen Brahmin resulted, marked by the fourth fault. Similarly, when a Kṣatriya united with a Vaiśya woman at that time, he performed an act beyond words, forbidden even to a Kṣatriya. When a Kṣatriya united with a Śūdra woman during her fertile period, the result was a child unpierced of ear, fierce, fearless, and unconquerable in battle. From a Mleccha and the daughter of Kuvinda came the Jola caste; from Jola and another daughter of Kuvinda, Śarāṅka was proclaimed. Thus, through the mingling of varṇas, many castes arose that had not been known before. A physician was born from the union of the Aśvinī-kumāra and a Brahmin woman—one knowledgeable in village matters and devoted to mantras and medicines. At this, Śaunaka asked, “Alas, by what lack of discernment were such unions made?” Sauti replied: “The passionate one beheld her, serene and alone in a secluded flower garden. Though she resisted with all her strength, the powerful god overcame her. In haste, she abandoned the child in that beautiful garden, but, ashamed, she would always return to her master’s house, bringing her son along.