सम्यग्विनीता ऋजवस्तानाचार्यान्प्रजक्षते
Those who are properly trained and upright are called teachers.
आचिनोति च शास्त्राणि आचार्यस्तेन चोच्यते
And he who gathers the scriptures is also called a teacher for that reason.
दाराग्निहोत्रसम्बन्धाद्द्विधा श्रौतस्य लक्षणम्
Because of the connection with wife and sacred fire, the mark of the Vedic ritual is twofold.
पूर्वेभ्यो वेदयित्वेह श्रौतं सप्तर्ष यो ऽब्रुवन्
Here, the Seven Sages declared the Vedic ritual after learning it from the ancients.
मन्वन्तरस्यातीतस्य स्मृत्वाचारान्मनुर्जगौ
Recalling the practices of the past age, Manu proclaimed them.
स एष विविधो धर्मः शिष्टाचार इहोच्यते
Thus, this manifold righteousness is here called the conduct of the worthy.
मन्वन्तरेषु ये शिष्टा इह तिष्ठन्ति धार्मिकाः
Those worthy ones who abide here in righteousness in the ages of Manu—
धर्मार्थं ये च तिष्ठन्ति ताञ्छिष्टान्वै प्रचक्षते
And those who abide here for the sake of righteousness—these are indeed called the worthy.
तैः शिष्टैश्चरितो धर्मः सम्यगेव युगे युगे
The righteousness practiced by those worthy ones is always proper in every age.
शिष्टैराचर्यते यस्मान्मनुना च पुनः पुनः
Because it is practiced by the worthy and repeatedly by Manu,
दानं सत्यं तपो ज्ञानं विद्येज्या व्रजनं दया
Giving, truthfulness, austerity, knowledge, learning, sacrifice, pilgrimage, and compassion—
शिष्टा यस्माच्चरन्त्येनं मनुः सप्तर्षयस्तु वै
Because the worthy and Manu and the Seven Sages practice it—
विज्ञेयः श्रवणाच्छ्रौतः स्मरणात्स्मार्त्त उच्यते
That which is known by hearing is called 'śrauta'; that which is remembered is called 'smārta'.
प्रत्यङ्गानि च वक्ष्यामि धर्मस्येह तु लक्षणम्
Now I shall explain the subsidiary parts and the characteristics of dharma here.
यथा भूतप्रवादस्तु इत्येतत्सत्यलक्षणम्
Speaking as things truly are—this is the mark of truth.
इत्येतत्तपसो रूपं सुघोरं सुदुरा सदम्
This is the form of austerity: very severe and extremely difficult to endure.
ऋत्विजां दक्षिणानां च संयोगो यज्ञ उच्यते
The union of priests and offerings is called a sacrifice.
प्रवर्त्तन्ते समा दृष्टिः कृत्स्नाप्येषा दया स्मृता
To regard all as equal—this is called compassion.
वाङ्मनःकर्मभिर्वेत्ति तितिक्षैषा क्षमा स्मृता
To endure by speech, mind, and action—this is called forbearance.
परस्वानामनादानमलोभ इति कीर्त्यते
Not taking the wealth of others—this is called non-greed.
निवृत्तिर्ब्रह्मचर्यं तदच्छिद्रं तप उच्यते
Restraint and celibacy, unbroken—this is called austerity.
मिथ्या न संप्रवर्त्तन्ते शामस्यैतत्तु लक्षमम्
Falsehood does not arise—this is the mark of tranquility.
न क्रुद्ध्येत प्रतिहतः स जितात्मा विभाव्यते
One who is not angered when provoked is recognized as self-controlled.
तत्तद्गुणवते देयमित्येतद्दानलक्षणम्
Giving to those who possess the proper qualities—this is the mark of charity.
तत्र नैश्रेयसं ज्येष्ठं कनिष्ठं स्वार्थसिद्धये
Among these, the highest is for supreme good, the lowest for personal gain.
श्रुतिस्मृतिभ्यां विहितो धर्मो वर्माश्रमात्मकः
Dharma, prescribed by the Veda and Smṛti, is characterized by the stages and duties of life.
अप्रद्वेषोह्यनि ष्टेषु तथेष्टस्याभिनन्दनम्
Not hating those who are unpleasant, and rejoicing in those who are pleasant.
संन्यासः कर्मणां न्यासः कृतानामकृतैः सह
Renunciation is the abandonment of actions, both performed and unperformed.
व्यक्ता ये विशेषास्ते विकारे ऽस्मिन्नचेतने
The distinctions that are manifest are modifications in this insentient (matter).
प्रत्यङ्गानां तु धर्मस्य त्वित्येतल्लक्षणं स्मृतम्
These are remembered as the characteristics of the subsidiary parts of dharma.