न क्रुध्यन्ति न त्दृष्यन्ति जितात्मानस्तु ते स्मृताः
They do not get angry, nor are they seen to do so; those who have mastered themselves are remembered thus,
ब्रह्मक्षत्रविशो यस्माद्युक्तास्तस्मा द्द्विजातयः
Because Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and Vaishyas are united, therefore they are called the twice-born,
श्रौतस्मार्तस्य धर्मस्य ज्ञानाद्धर्मज्ञ उच्यते
One who knows the dharma, both Vedic and Smriti, through knowledge is called a knower of dharma,
गृहाणां साधनाच्चैव गृहस्थः साधुरुच्यते
And by the means of householders, a householder is called virtuous.
यतमानो यतिः साधुः स्मृतो योगस्य साधनात्
The ascetic who strives is called virtuous, because of his pursuit of yoga.
गृहस्थो ब्रह्मचारी च वानप्रस्थो यतिस्तथा
A householder, a student, a forest-dweller, and likewise an ascetic—
अयं धर्मो ह्ययं नेति विन्दते भिन्नदर्शनाः
‘This is righteousness, this is not’—thus do those of differing views discern.
कुशलाकुशलं कर्म धर्माधर्माविह स्मृताम्
Action is declared here as skillful or unskillful, and as righteous or unrighteous.
अधारणामहत्त्वे च अधर्म इति चोच्यते
When there is lack of support or greatness, it is said to be unrighteousness.
अधर्मश्चानिष्टफलोह्याचार्यैरुपदिश्यते
And unrighteousness, being of undesirable result, is taught by the teachers.
सम्यग्विनीता ऋजवस्तानाचार्यान्प्रजक्षते
Those who are properly trained and upright are called teachers.
आचिनोति च शास्त्राणि आचार्यस्तेन चोच्यते
And he who gathers the scriptures is also called a teacher for that reason.
दाराग्निहोत्रसम्बन्धाद्द्विधा श्रौतस्य लक्षणम्
Because of the connection with wife and sacred fire, the mark of the Vedic ritual is twofold.
पूर्वेभ्यो वेदयित्वेह श्रौतं सप्तर्ष यो ऽब्रुवन्
Here, the Seven Sages declared the Vedic ritual after learning it from the ancients.
मन्वन्तरस्यातीतस्य स्मृत्वाचारान्मनुर्जगौ
Recalling the practices of the past age, Manu proclaimed them.
स एष विविधो धर्मः शिष्टाचार इहोच्यते
Thus, this manifold righteousness is here called the conduct of the worthy.
मन्वन्तरेषु ये शिष्टा इह तिष्ठन्ति धार्मिकाः
Those worthy ones who abide here in righteousness in the ages of Manu—
धर्मार्थं ये च तिष्ठन्ति ताञ्छिष्टान्वै प्रचक्षते
And those who abide here for the sake of righteousness—these are indeed called the worthy.
तैः शिष्टैश्चरितो धर्मः सम्यगेव युगे युगे
The righteousness practiced by those worthy ones is always proper in every age.
शिष्टैराचर्यते यस्मान्मनुना च पुनः पुनः
Because it is practiced by the worthy and repeatedly by Manu,
दानं सत्यं तपो ज्ञानं विद्येज्या व्रजनं दया
Giving, truthfulness, austerity, knowledge, learning, sacrifice, pilgrimage, and compassion—
शिष्टा यस्माच्चरन्त्येनं मनुः सप्तर्षयस्तु वै
Because the worthy and Manu and the Seven Sages practice it—
विज्ञेयः श्रवणाच्छ्रौतः स्मरणात्स्मार्त्त उच्यते
That which is known by hearing is called 'śrauta'; that which is remembered is called 'smārta'.
प्रत्यङ्गानि च वक्ष्यामि धर्मस्येह तु लक्षणम्
Now I shall explain the subsidiary parts and the characteristics of dharma here.
यथा भूतप्रवादस्तु इत्येतत्सत्यलक्षणम्
Speaking as things truly are—this is the mark of truth.
इत्येतत्तपसो रूपं सुघोरं सुदुरा सदम्
This is the form of austerity: very severe and extremely difficult to endure.
ऋत्विजां दक्षिणानां च संयोगो यज्ञ उच्यते
The union of priests and offerings is called a sacrifice.
प्रवर्त्तन्ते समा दृष्टिः कृत्स्नाप्येषा दया स्मृता
To regard all as equal—this is called compassion.
वाङ्मनःकर्मभिर्वेत्ति तितिक्षैषा क्षमा स्मृता
To endure by speech, mind, and action—this is called forbearance.
परस्वानामनादानमलोभ इति कीर्त्यते
Not taking the wealth of others—this is called non-greed.