लवौ द्वावेव राकायां कालो ज्ञेयो ऽपराह्णकः
On the night of the full moon, only two lavas are to be known as the afternoon time.
सायाह्ने प्रतिपन्ने च स कालः पौर्णमासिकः
When the evening has set in, that time is considered the time of the full moon.
युगान्तरोदिते चैव लेशार्द्धे शशिनः क्रमात्
And when the end of the age has arisen, then, in due order, half a portion of the moon remains.
यस्मिन्काले समौ स्यातां तौ व्यतीपात एव सः
At the time when both are together, that is called the moment of conjunction.
स वै वषटाक्रियाकालः सद्यः कालं विधीयते
That is indeed the time for the vaṣaṭā ritual, which is immediately prescribed as the proper time.
ततो विरज्यते नक्तं पौर्णमास्यां निशाकरः
Then, during the night of the full moon, the moon becomes devoid of blemish.
चन्द्रार्कावपराह्णे तु पूर्णात्मानौ तु पूर्णिमा
When the moon and sun are both full in the afternoon, that is the full moon.
तस्मादनुमतिर्नाम पूर्णिमा प्रथमा स्मृता
Therefore, the first full moon is remembered by the name Anumati.
रञ्जनाच्चैव चन्द्रस्य राकेति कवयो ऽब्रुवन्
And because of the coloring of the moon, poets have called it Rākā.
राका पञ्चदशी रात्रिरमावास्या ततः स्मृता
Rākā is the fifteenth night, and after that, the new moon is remembered.
अन्योन्यं चन्द्रसूर्यौं तौ यदा तद्वर्श उच्यते
When the moon and sun are together, that is called a year.
द्व्यक्षर कुहुमात्रश्च पर्वकालास्त्रयः स्मृताः
Kuhu, Mātra, and Dvyakṣara are remembered as the three times of the sacred days.
दिवसार्द्धेन रात्र्या च सूर्यं प्राप्य तु चन्द्रमाः
With half the day and night, the moon attains the sun.
द्वौ कालौ संगमं चैव मध्याह्ने नियतं रविः
There are two periods and a conjunction, and at midday, the sun is fixed.
विमुच्यमानयोर्मध्ये तयोर्मण्डलयोस्तु वै
In the midst of their separation, between their orbits, indeed.
एतदृतुमुखं ज्ञेयममा वास्यास्य पर्वणः
This is to be understood as the beginning of the season, or the mouth of the lunar phase.
तस्माद्दिवा ह्यमावास्यां गृह्यते ऽसौ दिवाकरः
Therefore, during the day of the new moon, the sun is taken.
कलानामपि चैतासां वृद्धिहान्या जलात्मनः
Even among these divisions, there is increase and decrease of their watery essence.
दर्शयेतामथात्मानं सूर्याचन्द्रमसावुभौ
Then both the sun and moon display themselves.
द्विलवोनमहोरात्रं भास्करं स्पृशते शशी
For two lavas, the moon touches the sun in the day and night.
कुहेति कोकिलेनोक्तो यः स कालः समाप्यते
That period called 'Kuhu' by the cuckoo is completed.
सिनीवालीप्रमाणस्तु क्षीणशेषो निशाकरः
The measure of Sinivali is the remaining portion when the moon is waning.
अनुमत्याश्चराकायाः सिनीवाल्याः कुहूंविना
From Anumati, Chara, Sinivali, except for Kuhu.
चन्द्रसूर्यव्यतीपाते संगते पूर्णिमान्तरे
When the sun and moon are in conjunction, between full moons.
कालः कहूसिनीवाल्योः सामुद्रस्य तु मध्यतः
The period of Kuhu and Sinivali is in the middle of the ocean.
एवं स शुक्लपक्षे वै रजन्यां पर्वसंधिषु
Thus, in the bright fortnight, at the junctions of the lunar phases during the night.
यस्मादा दाप्यायते सोमः पञ्चदश्यां तु पूर्णिमा
Because the moon increases until the fifteenth day, which is the full moon.
तस्मात्कलाः पञ्चदश सोमेनास्य तु षोडशी
Therefore, fifteen divisions belong to the moon, and the sixteenth to him.
इत्येते पितरो देवाः सोमपाः सोमवर्द्धनाः
Thus, these are the divine ancestors, drinkers of Soma, increasers of Soma.
अतः पितॄन्प्रवक्ष्यामि मासश्राद्धभुजस्तु ये
Now I shall declare the ancestors who partake of the monthly offerings.