उपहूताः स्मृता देवाः सोमजाः सोमपाः स्मृताः
The gods who are invited are called the children of Soma, and those who drink Soma are so remembered.
काव्या बर्हिषद श्चैव अग्निष्वात्ताश्च तास्त्रिधा
The Kāvyas, the Barhiṣads, and the Agniṣvāttas—these are the threefold groups.
गृहस्थाश्चाप्ययज्वान अग्निष्वात्तास्तथार्त्तवाः
The householders who do not perform sacrifices are called Agniṣvāttas, as are the Ārtavas.
तेषां संवत्सरो ह्यग्निः सूयस्तु परिवत्सरः
For them, Agni is the year, Sūya is the parivatsara (a specific year).
रुद्रस्तु वत्सरस्तेषां पञ्चाब्दास्ते युगात्मकाः
For them, Rudra is the vatsara (year), and the five-year periods are of the nature of a yuga.
ये ते पिबन्त्यमावस्यां मासिमासि सुधां दिवि
Those who drink nectar in the heavens every month on the new moon day—
यस्मात्प्रस्रवते सोमान्मासि मासि धिनोति च
Because Soma flows forth month by month and nourishes them—
एवं तदमृतं सौम्यं सुधा च मदु चैव ह
Thus, that immortal, gentle nectar, as well as honey and mead—
पिबन्त्यंबुमयं देवास्त्रयस्त्रिंशत्तु छन्दनाः
The thirty-three fragrant gods drink that watery essence.
इत्येवं पीयमानैस्तु देवैः सर्वैर्निशाकरः
Thus, as all the gods drink, the moon is diminished.
सुषुम्णाप्यायितं चैव ह्यमावस्यां यथा क्रमम्
And at the new moon, the Suṣumnā channel is replenished in due order.
पीतक्षयं ततः सोमं सूर्यो ऽसावेकरश्मिना
After the Soma has been consumed, the sun dries it up with a single ray.
निः शेषायां कलायां तु सोममाप्याययत्पुनः
When only one digit remains, the Soma is replenished again.
कलाः क्षीयन्ति ताः कृष्णाः शुक्ला चाप्याययन्ति तम्
The dark digits wane, while the bright ones fill it up.
दृश्यते पौर्णमास्यां वै शुक्लः संपूर्णमण्डलः
On the full moon night, the bright, complete disc is seen.
इत्येवं पितृमान्सोमः स्मृत इड्वत्सरात्मकः
Thus, Soma, possessed of ancestors, is remembered as the embodiment of the year, like Iḍ.
अतः पर्वाणि वक्ष्यामि वर्वणां संधयश्च ये
Now I shall speak about the sacred days and the junctures of the fortnights.
तथार्द्धमासि पर्वाणि शुक्लकृष्णानि चैव हि
Likewise, the sacred days of the half-months are both of the bright and dark fortnights.
अर्द्धमासं तु पर्वाणि द्वितीयाप्रभृतीनि तु
Indeed, the sacred days of the half-month begin from the second day onward.
तस्मात्तु पर्वणामादौ प्रतिपत्सर्वसंधिषु
Therefore, at the beginning of the sacred days, at every juncture starting from the first day—
लवौ द्वावेव राकायां कालो ज्ञेयो ऽपराह्णकः
On the night of the full moon, only two lavas are to be known as the afternoon time.
सायाह्ने प्रतिपन्ने च स कालः पौर्णमासिकः
When the evening has set in, that time is considered the time of the full moon.
युगान्तरोदिते चैव लेशार्द्धे शशिनः क्रमात्
And when the end of the age has arisen, then, in due order, half a portion of the moon remains.
यस्मिन्काले समौ स्यातां तौ व्यतीपात एव सः
At the time when both are together, that is called the moment of conjunction.
स वै वषटाक्रियाकालः सद्यः कालं विधीयते
That is indeed the time for the vaṣaṭā ritual, which is immediately prescribed as the proper time.
ततो विरज्यते नक्तं पौर्णमास्यां निशाकरः
Then, during the night of the full moon, the moon becomes devoid of blemish.
चन्द्रार्कावपराह्णे तु पूर्णात्मानौ तु पूर्णिमा
When the moon and sun are both full in the afternoon, that is the full moon.
तस्मादनुमतिर्नाम पूर्णिमा प्रथमा स्मृता
Therefore, the first full moon is remembered by the name Anumati.
रञ्जनाच्चैव चन्द्रस्य राकेति कवयो ऽब्रुवन्
And because of the coloring of the moon, poets have called it Rākā.
राका पञ्चदशी रात्रिरमावास्या ततः स्मृता
Rākā is the fifteenth night, and after that, the new moon is remembered.